Flashcards and Answers – Special Education Test
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All credible conceptual models of education have two objectives. They are: A. controlling misbehavior and teaching academic and social skills. B. controlling misbehavior and teaching academic skills C. teaching academic and social skills D. controlling misbehavior and teaching social skills
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A) controlling misbehavior and teaching academic and social skills
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In contingency-based self management, the contingency is usually a type of: A) punishment B) reward C) aversive D) contract
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B) reward
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Jeremy has severe autism. He does not interact with others socially and his intellectual functioning appears to be very low. However, Jeremy has extraordinary ability as a pianist (though he is not interested in performing for other people). Which term best describes Jeremy? A) Asperger syndrome B) Rett syndrome C) autistic savant D) autistic genius
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C) autistic savant
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A mixing of sensory or cognitive systems whereby stimulation of one elicits stimulation of the other is A) mirror neurons B) synaesthesia C) hyper-responsiveness D) hyposensitivity
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B) synaesthesia
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Probably the central issue in the education of adolescents with special gifts and talents is that of: A) vocational focus versus academic focus B) acceleration versus enrichment C) inclusion versus separate schools D) grade-skipping versus acceleration
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B) acceleration versus enrichment
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The National Federation of the Blind had a braille bill passed to A) ensure that teachers of students with visual impairment are proficient in braille B) require braille instruction for all students with visual impairment C) increase the availability of devices like the Kurzweil Personal Reader D) provide funding for students to attend special schools to learn braille
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A) ensure that teachers of students with visual impairment are proficient in braille.
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Effective transition programs for students with intellectual disabilities involve A) direct instruction in reading and math B) community adjustment and employment C) vocational training and behavior modification D) functional academics and family counseling
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B) community adjustment and employment
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When a student sees a teacher use a learning strategy and then tries it out, the technique is called A) team teaching B) reciprocal teaching c) scaffolded instruction d) copy teaching
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b) reciprocal teaching
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In addressing the needs of students with deaf-blindness, two principles that practitioners and parents should keep in mind are a) incidental learning and structured routines b) direct instruction and structured routines c) direct instruction and variable routines d) indirect instruction and structured routines
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b) direct instruction and structure routines
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Until the mid-1960s the only institution specifically for postsecondary education of students with hearing impairments was a) Rochester b) Gallaudet c) Stanford d) Georgetown
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b) Gallaudet
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The ability to withhold a planned response; to interrupt a response that has been started; to protect an ongoing activity from interfering activities; and to delay a response refers to a) behavioral inhibition b) behavioral control c) self-control d) executive functions
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a) behavioral inhibition
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Which statement about the causes of autism spectrum disorder is true? a) autism spectrum b) scientists have established unequivocally that the cause is neurological c) psychoanalytic ideas attribute autism to brain malfunction d) childhood inoculations have been proven to cause autism in some causes.
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b) scientists have established unequivocally that the cause is neurological
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Most authorities agree that the biggest obstacle faced by persons with deaf-blindness is a) self-help skills b)accessing information c) navigating the environment d) communication
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d) communication
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The terminology proposed by the National Mental Health and Special Education Coalition in 1990 is a) severe emotional disturbance b)severe behavioral disorder c) emotional or behavioral disorder d) emotional or behavioral disturbance
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c) emotional or behavioral disorders
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Students with ADHD receive special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in which category? a) ADHD b) learning disabilities c) emotional or behavioral disorders d) other health impaired
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d) other health impaired
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A condition that is incurable is a) progressive b) episodic c) chronic d) acute
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c) chronic
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Which one of the following features is commond to most definitions of E/BD a) behavior that is sometimes normal and sometimes deviant b) psychological processing problem c) sudden onset of an extreme behavior problem d) socially unacceptable
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c) sudden onset of an extreme behavior problem
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John, Jim, and Ann are fifth-grade students with learning disabilities. Which one of the following statements best illustrates the concept of inter individual differenceS? a) John has problems with math, while Ann has problems with reading b) In comparison to the nondisabled students in her class, Ann scores lower in reading and math c) Jim does well in reading, but not in math d) John has high intelligence, but low achievement in spelling
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a) John has problems with math while Ann has problems with reading
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FM systems are used in conjunction with hearing aids to a) amplify sound b) increase reverberation c) provide individualized instruction d) broadcast the schedule of daily events
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a) amplify sound
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Which one of the following is regarded by some parents as a positive effect of having a child with a disability? a) entitles the family to financial benefits b) causes family members to be more tolerant of others c) reduces parents' concerns about social issues d) puts an end to unstable marital relationships
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b) causes family members to be more tolerant of others
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"Phonology" refers to linguistic rules governing a) construction of sentences b) sound combinations c) patterns of language use d) construction of word forms
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b) sound combinations
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Self-determination is most likely to be fostered under which of the following conditions a) supported living b) community residential facilities c) group homes d) residential institutions
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b) community residential facilities
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The condition that results when the cornea or lens of the eye is irregular resting in blurred vision is known as a) myopia b) hyperopia c) astigmatism d) glaucoma
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c) astigmatism
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Tad is a 15-year-old youth with a long-standing history of school failure and serious behavioral offenses. He is currently in prison and receives no special education services. A likely reason why Tad is not receiving services is that a) IDEA does not apply to prison schools b) Tad is considered "socially maladjusted" and therefore is not eligible for services c) because he has been convicted of a serious offense, Tad has lost the right to a free, appropriate public education d) Tad has refused to participate in special education programming
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b) Tad is considered "socially maladjusted" and therefore is not eligible for services
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The primary distinguishing characteristic of children with physical disability is a) intellectual and health problems b) intellectual and medical problems c) medical or health problems d) medical or cognitive problems
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c) medical or health problems
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What services are mandated by federal law for students who are gifted? a) students who are gifted are protected by IDEA and so have the same right to receive an appropriate education b) similar services are mandated as are required by IDEA although the student generally does not need to have an IEP c) schools must provide programs but they do not need to be individualized d) none; services are not required by federal law
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d) none; services are not required by federal law
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The most common fluency disorder is a) stuttering b) acquired aphasia c) echolalia d) dysarthria
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a) stuttering
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In the case of Hudson v Rowley, the US supreme court ruled that the school did not have to provide a sign interpreter for Amy Rowley, a child who was deaf because she had an individualized program that allowed her to achieve at or above an average level for her age. The decision interpreted which component of P.L. 94-142? a) due process b) least restrictive environment c) free, appropriate education d) nondiscriminatory evaluation
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b) least restrictive environment
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Claudia is a third grader with intellectual disabilities. She has thick epicanthal folds in the corner of her eyes, small stature, decreased muscle tone, speckling of the iris of the eye, a small oral cavity, and short, broad hands with a single palmar crease. These characteristics are typical of a) cultural-familial intellectual disabilities b) down syndrome c) fetal alcohol syndrome d) fragile x syndrome
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b) down syndrome
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A motivational term referring to a condition wherein a person believes that no matter how hard he or she tries, failure will result is a) outside locus of control b) self-defeatism c) learned helplessness d) self-determination
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c) learned helplessness
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Larry, a student who is gifted, skipped third grade. This is an example of which programming strategy a) acceleration b) independent study c) enrichment d) special class
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a) acceleration
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The largest group of neglected students with gifts is a) females b) students with disabilities c) students from lower socioeconomic levels d) students from culturally diverse backgrounds
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a) females
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Many social learning theorist and behavioral psychologists believe that aggression is a) caused by an overwhelming sense of frustration b) a result of subconscious motives c) a defense mechanism used in distressing situations d) a learned behavior
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d) a learned behavior
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Carl was three years old when he acquired TBI. Which of the following was the most likely cause of his brain injury? a) He was accidentally shot by a playmate when showing off his father's gun b) He was violently shaken by a babysitter c) He was in a car that was hit by another car d) He fell off a counter in his home
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d) he fell off a counter in his home
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The key to a successful parent-teacher conference is a) two-way communication b) accepting parents as equals c) maintaining professional distance d) being prepared/planning
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a) two-way communication
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Additional experiences provided to students without placing them in a higher grade are known as a) acceleration b) resource programs c) enrichment d) mentor programs
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c) enrichment
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From an educational point of view, how is "deafness" best defined? a) a condition present since birth b) an inability to understand speech even with a hearing aid c) a hearing loss of more than 90dB in at least one ear d) a condition of old age
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b) an inability to understand speech even with a hearing aid
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Communication requires a) language b) encoding and decoding c) speech d) listening and speaking
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b) encoding and decoding
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The single most important goal of special education is a) identifying the types of disabilities b) placing all students in the regular classroom for the entire day c) finding and capitalizing on exceptional students abilities d) preventing disabilities
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c) finding and capitalizing on exceptional student's abilities
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The ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another task is a) working memory b) short term memory c) long term memory d) active memory
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a) working memory
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The legal definition of blindness involves assessment of a) color perception and visual acuity b) field of vision and depth perception c) visual acuity and field of vision d) depth perception and color perception
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c) visual acuity and field of vision
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Annette is a high school student who reads at the level of a typical third grader. She wants to get her driver's license, but is unable to read the driver's manual or the questions on the driving test. For purposes of driver training, Annette would be considered to have a) a disability b) a handicap c) a disability and a handicap d) neither a disability nor a handicap
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c) a disability and a handicap
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The most important characteristic of exceptional learners is a) their physical limitations b) their disabilities c) their abilities d) their health concerns
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c) their abilities
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When guiding a person who is blind, you should a) take his or her arm and push him/her ahead of you b) let the person take your arm and walk slightly behind you c) walk at a slower pace than normal d) allow the person to go through a door ahead of you
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b) let the person take your arm and walk slightly behind you
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Which one of the following is an articulation disorder a) lisping b) stuttering c) aphasia d) mutism
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a) lisping
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A teaching model that includes content instruction by one teacher to a large group of students and remedial or supplementary instruction by the other teacher to a small group of students is a) alternative teaching b) parallel teaching c) team teaching d) station teaching
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a) alternative teaching
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Tim has a hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers. His condition is a) muscular dystrophy b) spina bifida c) cerebral palsy d) multiple sclerosis
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a) muscular dystrophy
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Madeline's mother told her to pick up her stuffed bear and put it away. Madeline threw herself to the ground and began kicking and screaming. Madeline's mother put the bear away herself, telling Madeline, "ok ok calm down" Madeline quickly ended her tantrum and returned to playing. Which statement is true a) The mother's behavior makes future tantrums less likely b) the mothers behavior reinforced the tantrum behavior c) the mother imposed an unreasonable demand on her child d) people with multiple severe disabilities should not be expected to do chores
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b) the mother's behavior reinforced the tantrum behavior
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Instructional tools that promote learning through the use of visual representation or related topics are a) graphic organizers b) visual cues c) concept maps d) tactile maps
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c) concept maps
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Many students who are legally blind would not be considered blind from an educational perspective because they a) have a coexisting condition b) are able to use vision for learning c) are able to read braille d) are able to use hearing for learning
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c) are able to read braille
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The structure in the eye which refines and changes the focus of the light rays is the a) lens b) pupil c) vitreous humor d) retina
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a) lens
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An academic area that may cause just as much trouble for students with learning disabilities as reading is a) spoken language b) science c) written language d) math
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d) math
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Which federal provision requires that children with disabilities be provided with a free, appropriate public education a) Fourteenth amendment b) Individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA) c) American with Disabilities act d) Civil Rights Act
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b) Individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA
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Special ability, aptitude, or accomplishment ordinarily refers to a) talent b) creativity c) genius d) insight
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a) talent
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The most common placement for students with learning disabilities is a) self -contained special classrooms b) special schools c) resource rooms d) general education classroom
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d) general education classroom
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A method involving breaking down academic problems in to their component parts that can be taught separately and then combined is called a) direct instruction b) scaffolded instruction c) cognitive training d) task analysis
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d) task analysis
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All states routinely screen for this before babies leave the hospital a) Fragile X Syndrom b) Phenylketonuria c) down syndrome d) hydrocephalus
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a) fragile X syndrome
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Which term was once commonly applied to mothers of children with autism a) warmhearted moms b) refrigerator moms c) coldhearted moms d) neglectful moms
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b) refrigerator moms
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Which academic area is most affected by deafness a) spelling b) writing c) reading d) math
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c) reading
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The most important organ for hearing is the a) cerumen b) tympanic membrane c) vestibular mechanism d) cochlea
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d) cochlea
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Joanne is a nine-year old girl....
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QUESTION NOT ON THE FINAL (Arthur told us)
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The extent of the paralysis in spina bifida depends on a) the stage of development during which it occurs b) the success or failure of the surgery to close the opening c) the success or failure of the surgery to repair the nerve damage d) the location of the spinal cord defect
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d) the location of the spinal cord defect
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Repetitive, ritualistic motor movements such as twirling, flapping hands, and rocking are knwon as a) impaired social responsiveness b) impaired communication c) stereotypic behaviors d) preoccupation with objects
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c) stereotypic behaviors
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Homework for students with disabilities should be used a) to introduce new skills b) to develop age-appropriate attention span c) to review skills already taught d) as a consequence for failing to complete work in class
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c) to review skills already taught
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Which of the following accomplishments is associated with IDEA? a) requirement that schools provide individualized programs in the least restrictive environment for all students with disabilities b) provision of free educational services to children with disabilities from birth to age 21 c)prohibition of discrimination against people with disabilities in schools, businesses, or recreational facilities d) requirement that schools provide a free, appropriate public education for all exceptional students including those with gifts and talents
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a) requirement that schools provide individualized programs in the least restrictive environment for all students with disabilities
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Any manual or electronic means by which a person who is unable to communicate through normal speech can express wants and needs, share information, engage in social closeness or manage social etiquette a) facilitated communication b) augmentative or alternative communication c) manual communication d) applied functional communication
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b) augmentative or alternative communication
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Which poses the most difficulty for most children with learning disabilities a) reading b) spelling c) handwriting d) math
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a) reading
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The transparent gelatinous substance in the eye is known as the a) aqueous humor b) cornea c) vitreous humor d) retina
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a) aqueous humor
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David has myopia. Another term for this condition is a) nearsightedness b) farsightedness c) blurred vision d) color blindness
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a) nearsightedness
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Which of the following is a recommended technique for co-teaching students with ADHD a) All teach, no drift b) parallel teaching c) accommodation teaching d) multi-group teaching
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b) parallel teaching
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Two broad dimensions of behavior disorders are a) externalizing and internalizing b) withdrawal and disinterest c) exterior and interior d) hostility and aggression
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a) externalizing and internalizing
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A situtation in which a person with a disability becomes a regular employee, performs a valued function in a regular work setting, and receives fair pay while receiving training, social skills instruction, and other services is a) job coaching b) job shadowing c) supported employment d) partial employment
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c) supported employment
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In functional academics, academics are taught in the context of a) daily living skills b) vocational settings c) community living d) simplified curricula
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a) daily living skills
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Which statement about phenylketonuria (PKU) is true? a) it only causes intellectual disabilities b) it is the only known genetically determined metabolic disorder c) it requires a life-long special diet for treatment d) it goes away in late childhood
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c) it requires a life-long special diet for treatment
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A skill used by people who are blind to aid them in acquiring mobility is a) sequential mapping b) spatial ability c) doppler effect d) tactual perception
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b) spatial ability
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Which one of the following problems best illustrates difficulty in metacognition a) Joelle reverses b and d b) Simon is always active and out of his seat c) Rita can't tell the difference between the spoken words think and thing d) Oscar neglects to slow down when reading a difficult passage
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d) Oscar neglects to slow down when reading a difficult passage
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Over the years, evidence has accumulated showing that learning disabilities a) dramatically improve in the adult years b) can be inherited c) manifest themselves prior to age three d) occur more often in first born children
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b) can be inherited
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An infection of the covering of the brain that may be caused by a variety of bacterial and viral agents is a) syphilis b) encephalitis c) meningitis d) spina bifida
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c) meningitis
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The basic unit of braille is a a) single dot b) word c) cell of dots d) circular array of dots
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c) cell of dots
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Dyslexia refers to a severe impairment in the ability to a) read b) write c) compute d) use expressive language
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a) read
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When special education works as it should, the outcome for students is a) the ability to hide their disabilities b) the eradication of their disabilities c) instruction in a special class d) improved achievement and behavior
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d) improved achievement and behavior
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By definition, every student with learning disabilities has a) academic problems b) brain damage c) hyperactivity d) deficits in all academic areas
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a) academic problems
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The most commonly used definitions is that endorsed by a) AAIDD b) NJCLD c) LDA d) the federal government
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d) the federal government
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Among children and adolescents with e/bd, the future is most bleak for those with a) neurosis b) conduct disorders c) withdrawal d) anxiety and depression
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b) conduct disorders
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Young siblings of a child with a disability are likely to a) have the opposite reaction as their parents b) deny that the child with a disability is different c) seek out information from others about the disability d) have a more difficult time coping with their feelings than their parents
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d) have a more difficult time coping with their feelings than their parents
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A tendency to reverse letters when writing may be due to problems in a) visual perception b) auditory perception c) perceptual-motor d) general coordination
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a) visual perception
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In comparison to typical students, students who are exceptional a) have both similarities and differences b) are similar in almost every way c) are different in almost every way d) have the same instructional needs, but differ in ability level
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a) have both similarities and differences
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Andre's legs are paralyzed, but he has full use of his arms. His condition is a) diplegia b) hemiplegia c) paraplegia d) quadriplegia
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c) paraplegia
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Michelle is an early intervention specialist who works with families who have children with severe disabilities. Although they are not proven to be effective by research, she knows that she needs to provide individualized practices for each family, communicate with family members in a non-paternalistic manner, and ensure that any placement she recommends be safe and clean. These are examples of a) multiculturally-based practices b) cross-disciplinary collaboration c) family-centered practices d) value-based practices
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d) value based practices
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Visual devices that employ lines, circles, and boxes to organize information are a) mnemonic organizers b) linear organizers c) graphic organizers d) geometric organizers
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c) graphic organizers
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A person who provides support for daily living skills and fine motor skills is a(n) a) physical therapist b) occupational therapist c) adaptations specialist d) cognitive therapist
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b) occupational therapist
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The tendency to repeat the same behaviors over and over again is called a) perseverance b) redundancy c) perseveration d) repetition
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c) perseveration
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When there is an abnormal discharge of electrical energy in certain brain cells, the result is a) diplegia b) choreoathetoid movements c) spasticity d) seizures
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d) seizures
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According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the treatment for ADHD that shows the most effective immediate results is a) medication management b) behavioral management c) combined medication management and behavioral management d) community care
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c) combined medication management and behavioral management
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Which one of the following accomplishments is associated with the Americans with Disabilities Act a) mandate for early childhood special education b) requirement that public transportation be made accessible to people with disabilities c) provision of transition services to facilitate movement from school to work for people with disabilities d) funding to provide technological assistance (e.g. computers, wheel chairs) to people with disabilities
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a) mandate for early childhood special education
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Which one of the following best describes current views on the direction of causation between child and adult behavior? a) one-way street: adult behavior causes child behavior b) one-way street: child behavior causes adult behavior c) two-way street: behavior is reciprocal d) dead end
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c) two-way street: behavior is reciprocal
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Tactics that aid memory, such as rhymes or images are called a) scaffolds b) mnemonics c) visual organizers d) reminders
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b) mnemonics
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Which one of the following provides the best descriptions of normalization? a) the theory that disabilities are a matter of social perceptions and values b) the belief that people with disabilities should have experiences as similar as possible to those of people without disabilities c) the principle that schools should educate all students in the regular classroom, regardless of the nature of their disabilities d) the philosophy that students with disabilities should be educated in the environment that will allow them to achieve their maximum potential as adults
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b) the belief that people with disabilities should have experiences as similar as possible to those of people without disabilities
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Assuming that a cultural identity is sufficient to explain academic achievement of economic success is a form of a) racism b) ethnicity c) cultural relativism d) stereotypic
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d) stereotyping
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Instruction that is based on student readiness, that includes continuous assessment, that varies activities and assignments, and that support active exploration of topics at varying levels is a) differentiated b) specialized c) inclusive d) enriched
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a) differentiated
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PL 99-457 and IDEA mandate a free, appropriate public education for people ages three to twenty-one. In addition. PL 99-457 a) requires employers to provide special programs for people with disabilities b) requires schools to provide transitional programs for people with disabilities who are between the ages of 18 and 25 c) provides incentives for states to develop early invention programs d) requires schools to develop programs for students who are gifted
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c) provides incentives for states to develop early intervention programs
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Compared to students with other disabilities, students with ADHD a) have fewer social skills problems b) have more close friends c) are more disliked by their peers d) are viewed as less rude
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c) are more disliked by their peers
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Which one of the following is the best example of a language variation a) african american english b) acquired aphasia c) stuttering d) american sign language
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a) african american english
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Which approach to mathematics instruction is most efficient for students with learning disabilities a) constructivist b) discovery-oriented c) teacher-directed d) student centered
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c) teacher-directed
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A system of using educational service in addition to available community services to meet the needs of children and their families is called a) wraparound service b) intensive service c) integrated service d) holistic service
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a) wrap around service
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A recommended technique of breaking down prejudice and encouraging positive interactions among students with different characteristics is a) afrocentrism b) cooperative learning c) immersion d) direct instruction
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b) cooperative learning
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A technique in which the teacher assists the student in learning a task and then phases out help as the student learns to use the strategy independently is called a) scaffolded instruction b) hand-over-hand instruction c) supported instruction d) mnemonic instruction
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a) scaffolded instruction
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Under IDEA, one form of advocacy to which parents are entitled is/are a) weekly meetings b) reciprocity c) due process d) parent training
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c) due process
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The primary goal of adapted physical education is a) to eliminate physical education as a requirement for students with physical disabilities b) to provide physical education in a separate setting for students with physical disabilities c) to give students with physical disabilities more time in physical education to catch up to their peers d) to allow access to activities that support physical, recreational and leisure goals
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d) to allow access to activities that support physical, recreational and leisure goals
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Articulation disorders a) are easily distinguished b) refer to the same problem c) have no known causes d) involve errors in sound production
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d) involve errors in sound production
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Encoding or sending messages is referred to as a) expressive language b) receptive language c) discourse d) communication
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a) expressive language
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Gareth is a twelve-year-old with learning disabilities who makes many grammatical errors when speaking. Gareth has a problem with which aspect of language a) phonology b) semantics c) pragmatics d) syntax
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d) syntax
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An example of a disability with a highly organized subculture is a) mental retardation b) autism c) deafness d) blindness
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c) deafness
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Stiffness or tenseness of muscles and inaccurate voluntary movements is known as a) choreoathetosis b) atonicty c) spasticity d) reflexivity
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c) spasticity
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Having a spectacular aptitude or capacity in any area or extremely rare intellectual powers refers to a) talent b) genius c) insight d) creativity
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a) talent
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Clara has good vision for assignments written on the blackboard, but she has difficulty with the print in her textbook. SHe may have refraction problem known as a) myopia b) hyperopia c) asitmatism d) glaucoma
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b) hyperopia
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Any malformation of the spine, spinal cord, or brain is a a) choreoathetoid defect b) neural tube defect c) type of spina bifida d) brainstem defect
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b) neural tube defect
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In the Garrity and colleagues program for reducing bullying in schools, the "caring majority" refers to a) the group of students who neither bully nor get bullied b) teachers and other staff members c) parents and members of the community d) the students who got bullied
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a) the group of students who neither bully nor get bullied
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What is the distinction between litigation and legislation a) legislation provides guidelines whereas litigation specifies penalties for violating the guidelines b) legislation involves passing a law, whereas litigation interprets the meaning of the law c) legislation is mandatory and litigation is permissive d) legislation can be changed, but litigation is permanent
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b) legislation involves passing a law, whereas litigation interprets the meaning of the law
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The most severe hearing impairments are associated with which part of the ear a) middle ear b) eardrum c) inner ear d) outer ear
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c) inner ear
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Having persons keep track of their own behavior and then receive consequences based on that behavior is called a) consequence-based self-monitoring b) contingency-based functional assessment c) contingency-based self-management d) consequence based self-management
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c) contingency-based self-management
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Abrupt, involuntary movements and difficult in maintaining balance is known as a) spastic movements b) atonic movements c) choreoathetoid movements d) atonic spasticity
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c) choreoathetoid movements
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Tolerance is best described as a) an appreciation and valuing of difference b) putting up with a necessary evil c) enduring others even if they are seen as undesirable d) acknowledging our legacy of racism and prejudice
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a) an appreciation and valuing of difference
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A group of eye diseases that cause damage to the optic nerve is a) myopia b) hyperopia c) glaucoma d) cataracts
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c) glaucoma
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An appropriate method for monitoring academic progress is a) momentary time sampling b) program monitoring c) response-cost d) curriculum-based management
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d) curriculum-based management
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A person's awareness of what strategies are needed to perform a task, the ability to plan how to use the strategies and the evaluation of how well the strategies are working is a) metacognition b) self-regulation c) working memory d) perception
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a) metacognition
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Families of a child with a disability tend to experience most stress during a) infancy to age five b) adolescence c) transitions d) adulthood
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c) transitions
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Rheumatoid arthritis is a potentially debilitating disease that a) causes rapid deterioration of muscle tissue b) is characterized by pain in and around the joints and muscles c) is associated with neurological degeneration d) occurs only in the elderly
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b) is charactered by pain in and around the joints and muscles
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Cerebral palsy is a condition that occurs a) during the birth process b) before birth c) after birth d) before brain maturity
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d) before brain maturity
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Fetal alcohol syndrome is classified as resulting from a/an a) environmental hazard b) infection c) genetic factor d) chromosomal abnormality
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a) environmental hazard
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Research has consistency shown that students who are positively reinforced for correct responses a) learn at the same rate b) exhibit more behavior problems c) learn at a faster rate d) exhibit fewer behavior problems
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c) learn at a faster rate
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Any repetitive, stereotyped behavior that seems to have no immediately apparent purpose is a) self-mutilation b) program monitoring c) self-stimulation d) tantrums
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c) self-stimulation
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Decoding or understanding messages is referred to as a) communication b) expressive language c) discourse d) receptive language
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d) receptive language
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In the not too distant past, many professionals believed that parents were a) unwilling to spend time working with their child b) to blame for their child's problem c) unable to work effectively with their child d) unable to cope with a child with a disability
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b) to blame for their child's problem
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From the physiological perspective, the distinction between "deaf" and "hard of hearing" is based on a) decibels levels detected b) frequency of sounds detected c) location of hearing loss d) language ability
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a) decibels levels detected
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Even though he has visual acuity of 20/20, Jeff is considered legally blind. This is possible if he has severely restricted a) angular vision b) peripheral vision c) partial vision d) low vision
answer
b) peripheral vision
question
The ability to understand the rules of how sounds combine to make up words is a) phonological awareness b) phonemic awareness c) decoding d) reading fluency
answer
a) phonological awareness
question
The communication of ideas through an arbitrary system of symbols used according to certain rules that determine meaning is a) speech b) language c) communication d) phonology
answer
b) language
question
Mr. Kent has a child in his class who has a terminal illness. He should a) avoid discussing his personal feelings about death and dying b) keep other students from airing their feelings during school hours c) be direct and open in discussing death and dying with the class d) avoid communication directly with the child's parents unless a psychologist is present
answer
c) be direct and open in discussing death and dying with the class
question
An IFSP refers to an a) informal family service plan b) individualized family service plan c) initial family service program d) intensive family service program
answer
b) individualized family service plan
question
Which one of the following best describes the purpose of multicultural education? a) It teaches children of ethnic minorities about their ancestors b) it provides bilingual education for non-english speaks c) it provides equal education opportunities to all students d) it involves parents in their child's education
answer
c) it provides equal education opportunities to all students
question
Impairments that a child is born with are referred to as a) primary characteristics b) congenital anomalies c) secondary problems d) acquired disabilities
answer
b) congenital anomalies
question
Cerebral palsy is classified by a) the limbs involved and type of motor disability b) time period during which brain damage occurred c) severity of the symptoms d) the effect on intellectual functioning
answer
a) the limbs involved and type of motor disability
question
A six-month-old child who cannot walk or talk would best be described as having a(n) a) disability b) age-appropriate disability c) age-appropriate inability d) instructional inability
answer
c) age-appropriate inability
question
Today, there is an emphasis on a) developing talents of all students, with less attention to those who might be gifted b) helping gifted students distinguish themselves further by fulfilling their potential c) eliminating giftedness as a category for special education services d) downplaying giftedness so children will not be stigmatized or rejected because of their differences
answer
a) developing talents of all students with less attention to those who might be gifted
question
The most common problems exhibited by children with E/BD are a) withdrawn behaviors b) attention deficit disorders c) impulsive behaviors d) conduct disorders
answer
d) conduct disorders
question
"Mental retardation" is now called a) intellectual disorder b) disordered reasoning c) intellectual and functional disability d) intellectual disability
answer
d) intellectual disability
question
Which federal act requires most students with disabilities to take standard tests of academic achievement and to achieve at a level equal to that of students without disabilities? a) individuals with disabilities education act b) no child left behind act c) americans with disabilities act d) education for all handicapped children act
answer
b) no child left behind act
question
The intelligence of children with cerebral palsy is a) almost always in the range of mental retardation b) clearly higher than average for the general population c) nearly the same as for the general population d) difficult to assess due to difficulties in perception, movement, or response speed
answer
d) difficult to assess due to difficulties in perception,movement, or response speed
question
Which mobility aid is most often recommended by professionals a) the long cane b) a guide dog c) tactile maps d) human guides
answer
a) the long cane
