SOWK 250 Calvin College
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Social institutions
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structures that provide a venue for patterned relationships- where we learn norms, values & practices.. Ex: Families, education, religion, economy/work, gov't & politics, social justice
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Differences B/n Sociology & Social Work
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...
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Sociology
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the study of groups & their behaviors
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Social Work
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organized work intended to advance the social conditions of a community (esp. the disadvantaged) -Shelter, food, clothing, health, education
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Main differences; how are they related?
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Sociologist research, usually findings in books & journals for... Social Workers to read ---> use this info to help the disadvantaged *we are agents of renewal -> have a positive impact on Gods world, help people in a Godly way, be the hands & feet of Christ.
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Some Basic terms
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...
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social systems
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groups to which we belong, organizing structure & society; determine life chances. Ex: race(+white -_color) , class, gender, sexuality, religion age a which will we talk about?
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2 characteristics of social systems
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1. socially constructed - created & shaped by surrounding society 2. stratified - categories within them are unequal
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social Location
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social place of an individual or group in the race, class & gender hierarchies as well as other critical social hierarchies (your place on <|)
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life chances
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the opportunities people have to provide themselves with material goods, positive provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions & favorable life experiences.
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intersections
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a method of research & theory that focuses on understanding social life at the intersections of 2 or more social workers use intersections to identify areas of corruption to redeem for God.
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Ethnocentrism
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regarding ones own culture as normal & judging other cultures accordingry Ex. seeing a mud hut in Africa & assuming the whole population is poor.
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cultural relativism
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judging a culture by its own cultural ruus & values
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hegemonic
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culturally dominant because in our culture Ex: black people are good at sports
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privilege
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a set of not necessarily earned rights or assets belonging to a certain status
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prejudice
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negative attitude toward members of groups or social categorizes ex native american are drunks & gamblers
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discrimination
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the unequal treatment of people determined by their membership in a group Ex: segregation in the south
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Social Science Basics Weber Introduction & pp. 21-27
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...
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Weber recounts her experience as a tennis player. She concludes that her _____ was an obstacle.
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. Social class
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What are the benefits of studying race, class, gender and sexuality according to Weber?
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a. We recognize that we have all contributed to the oppression of others. b. We recognize that we have limiting views of ourselves. c. We recognize that there is a cost in maintaining dominance.
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when one group has historically gained power and control over valued assets of a society by exploiting the labor and lives of other group and using those assets to secure its position of power in the future.
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Oppression
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Intersectionality
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used by scholars to convey the complex dynamics of multiple identities and systems of inequality.
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Social Location
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an individual's or group's social \"place\" in the race, class, gender, and sexuality hierarchies as well as other critical social hierarchies.
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2/11 T & 2/13 H Inequality & Stratification Weber chp. 7 Ore pp. 1-9, 214-227
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...
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2/20 H Social Class Ore #6, 22, 55
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...
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According to article #6 the poor are _____________.
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an eyesore
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Media seeks to have its audience identify with the poor.
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false
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In article #22 Preparing for Power, the author asserts that:
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the classical curriculum helped to create a division between educated and untutored.
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In article # 55 Nickel-and-Dimed Barbara Ehrenreich was able to support welfare-to-work reform when her experiment demonstrated that minimum wage work can meet citizens' basic needs as long as they are smart about how they spend their money.
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false
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In pages 213 - 223, Arthur Kennickell is cited as stating that in 2004 the top 10 percent of the population of the United States owned ________ percent of the wealth.
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70
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Corporate taxes have changed from _____% of the federal revenue in 1962 to ____ % in 2006.
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21%; 14% p.221
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According to Shapiro in article #5, unlike education, jobs, or even income, wealth allows families to secure advantages and often is the vehicle for transferring inequality across generations.
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true
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What is NOT true in regards to home ownership?
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Blacks have about a 20% higher rejection rate than Whites even when White and Black families are equally creditworthy. real--pp. 83-84; the rejection rate is actually 60%
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Shapiro notes that homeownership (or renting) locates a family in a set of community services, contexts, and relationships, and partially defines race and class identities
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true
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According to Mary Crow Dog in article #23, Native American boarding schools were begun by people who were attempting to save Native Americans from extermination.
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true
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Mary Crow Dog gives the following as an example of the treatment of Indians at the St. Francis mission school.
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a. Left in a boarded up cubicle for a week. b. Braids being chopped off. c. Being bathed in tubs of rubbing alcohol.
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Ellis Cose in article #49, attempts to describe some of the coping situations that add unhealthy stress for people of color in professional positions in America.
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true
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In his exploration of the demon: presumption of failure, Cose explains that failure at the highest levels of the New York Times was reserved for Whites.
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true
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Cose reviews the experiences of educated, professional Blacks concluding that race was:
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a handicap. Success required working to be perceived as better than other Blacks.
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According to the PDF, Distorted Reality, research on the race of television characters from 1955 through 1964 found that:
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a. one character in fifty was Hispanic b. fewer than one in a hundred characters were Asian c. only one in two hundred characters were Black
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The authors conclude with research on the traits of TV characters from 1955-1986 which found that Latino characters were more likely than whites or blacks to use violence and deceit.
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true
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Extra Credit: Darwin Davis addressed the inequality of exclusive country club. Read his comments about his concerns for his children and how they relate to private clubs. His concern was primarily over the ____________ characteristic of stratification.
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cyclical
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Quiz 6 Sex, Gender, & Sexism due T 3/11
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...
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In article #9, Judith Lorber, believes that gender is not necessarily biological but socially constructed through:
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a. informal sanctions by peers. b. formal punishment by those in authority. c. social institutions such a religion, law, and science.
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Lorber explains that gender is a system of stratification evidenced by the fact that:
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a. women's activities are devalued preserving a cheap and exploitable reserve of labor c. in poorer groups with fewer resources, men and women are nearly equal.
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According to Holly Boswell in article 11, each culture assigns different grouping of traits to each anatomical sex and leaves some in the neutral category, however some traits are intrinsically masculine or feminine.
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false
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Transgender means:
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acting outside of the current norms of gender.
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According to Kimmel in article 12, manhood means different things at different times to different people.
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true
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We equate manhood with:
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a. opposition with femininity. and b. power, success, wealth, and status
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Due to their larger physical stature and strength, slaves, Native Americans, and immigrant men (e.g. Irish, Asians) were considered to be \"real men\" whereas white men were considered effeminate.
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false
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In article 24, the researchers collected data on gender in the classroom through observations including videotaping.
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true
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The author explains that:
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a. Because girls appear to be doing well they receive less time, help, and fewer challenges. b. A punishment for the boys is to have to sit next to the girls. c. Girls appearance is recognized and attended to more than boys.
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Regarding textbooks,
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When children read about people in nontraditional gender roles, they are less likely to limit themselves to stereotypes.
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3/18 T & 3/20 H Sexuality, Heterosexism, & Homophobia
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...
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4/1 T & 4/3 H Intersections Weber chps. 3 & 6 Ore #7, 17, 18, 59 The Help chps. 12 - 23
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...
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4/8 T & 4/10 H Addressing Inequality While Valuing Diversity
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...
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According to Weber, visions of social justice:
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a. focus on the process of struggle for freedom from oppression. b. focus on what some ideal world would look like.
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Prior to his course with Weber, Jim based his understanding of discrimination in the work forced on his personal experiences and knowledge opposed to sociological statistics.
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true
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Weber believes that it is by collaborating and cooperating across our differences in respectful environments that meaning accrues and empowerment occurs.
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true
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According to article #47, calling someone a racist individualizes the behavior and veils the fact that racism can occur only where it is culturally, socially, and legally supported.
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true
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The best way for members of privileged groups to work against oppression is to be silent when he/she witnesses inequality.
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false
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Articles #33, 60 & 63 from the Ore book present ideas for addressing inequality. For each article determine the level of inequality. Note: each level is only used once.
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Article #33: The Effects of Affirmative Action on Other Stakeholders- Institutional leve >Article #60: Cultural Resistance: Reconstructing our Own Images-Symbolic level >Article #63: How White People Can Serve as Allies to People of Color in the Struggle to End Racism-Individual level
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Ore discusses resistance and social change on pages 747-758. Please match each concept to the appropriate definition.
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<Fundamental alterations in the patterns of culture, structure, and social behavior over time.-social change <Fundamental alterations in the patterns of culture, structure, and social behavior over time.-social justice <A system based on \"majority rule-civil rights <A process of defining ourselves rather than being defined by others.-empowerment
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4/17 H & 4/22 T Government & Economics
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...
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Weber's chapter two provides a number of timelines. These timelines demonstrate that struggles of oppressed groups for full inclusion in a democratic society were vibrate throughout most of US history but tapered off towards the end of the 20th century.
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false
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This indicator of economic inequality focuses on the gap between the material resources of the rich and the poor.
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National Income Inequality
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In reading 26, Wilson notes that in 1950 a substantial portion of the urban black population was _______but ______.
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poor; working
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Wilson believes that even if the household is poor, children need the structure of a family with employed adults as opposed to a poor household in which the adults are unemployed.
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true
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Which of the following is credited for reducing the relative demand for less-skilled workers?
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a. the computer revolution b. internationalization of economic activity
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Match the type of type of discrimination to its description according to reading 27.
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The correct answer is: Immediate or automatic rejection of a candidate based on their race - Categorical exclusion, Evaluation of applicants are actively shaped or constructed through a racial lens - Shifting standards, Minority applicants are steered toward particular types of jobs - Job Channeling
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The episodes of discrimination recorded in this study were often characterized by overt racism or hostility.
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false
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Reading 28 revealed a trend in which men who entered predominately female occupations encountered many negative stereotypes and were often demoted to the lowest paid positions within the organization.
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false
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According to Burnham in reading 30, PWORA (the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunities Reconciliation Act) was successful at reducing welfare rolls but not at helping women to achieve economic independence.
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true
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Although welfare reform is a race-neutral policy, immigrant women and women of color have been particularly hard hit.
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true
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4/24 H & 5/1 H Family Ore #20, 35 and Revisit #17, 18
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...
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Quiz 12 Housing & the Physical Environment due T 5/6
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...
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According to article #63, environmental racism requires the intended policy, practice, or directives to disadvantage individuals, groups, or communities based on race or color.
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false
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Race has been found to be independent of class in the distribution of:
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a. air pollution b. landfills c. lead poisoning in children
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Unequal political power arrangements have also allowed poisons of the rich to be offered as short-term economic remedies for the poverty of the poor.
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true
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According to PDF #4, which is TRUE about residential segregation?
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Hispanics are less segregated than blacks from non-Hispanic Whites.
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Since information about apartment rentals is transmitted through \"word of mouth\" those who are told are assumed to have the same social characteristics and values of the homeowner. Select one:
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true
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If residents of southern Greenpoint are tempted to rent or sell to a person of color their neighbors will protest using:
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intimidation.
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Affluent groups do not need to resist population growth of people of color and defend their neighborhoods in the same way as the working class because they use their economic position to exclude others.
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true
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According to PDF #5, health risks and resources are spatially and social constructed and African Americans disproportionately live in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods.
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true
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Research on this topic has found that:
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a. Closer proximity to supermarkets is associated with better quality diets. b. African American impoverished neighborhoods were on average 1.1 miles farther than the nearest supermarket than impoverished White neighborhoods. c. African American impoverished neighborhoods averaged 2.3 - 2.7 fewer supermarkets in a 3 mile radius than impoverished White neighborhoods.
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What happened after African Americans moved into Detroit and Whites moved out?
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a. Businesses closed due to racial discord. b. Businesses closed due to loss of manufacturing jobs. c. The number of abandoned homes, businesses, and stores grew.
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