question

What are three characteristics of ethnicity?

answer

self-defined, fluid, cultural

question

A muslim classmate from your introductory sociology course helps organize and participates in a march protesting discrimination against muslim americans on campus. Over 300 muslim american students from area colleges show up to participate. What type of action is this representative of?

answer

collective resistance

question

Which of the following factors has NOT contributed to the development of black ghettos in the US?

answer

blacks preference to live with other blacks

question

"New" racism couches its rhetoric in terms of ______ between groups rather than _____

answer

cultural differences; physical differences

question

Ethnocentrism is ____

answer

the judgment of other groups by ones own standards and values

question

Jennifer Lee's interview on the changing racial makeup of the US indicates that "color lines" in our society are changing. According to Lee, what is the new color line?

answer

black-nonblack

question

____ refers to a movement to protect and preserve indigenous land or culture from the so-called dangerous and polluting effects of new immigrants?

answer

Nativism

question

____ can be defined as the legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicity.

answer

Segregation

question

What is the main difference between Robert Park's and Milton Gordon's models of assimilation?

answer

Park's model assumes that all immigrants assimilate in the same pattern and reach the same outcome; Gordon's model includes multiple kinds of assimilation

question

Ray is very disappointed that his daughter is marrying a Latino immigrant because he thinks Latinos are not supportive of women having successful careers. This is an example of____

answer

Prejudice

question

How was racism expressed in Ancient Greece?

answer

There is no evidence that racism, as we know it today, was a part of Ancient Greek culture

question

A pluralistic society is one in which ____

answer

numerous distinct cultures engage and coexist within one large sociocultural framework

question

According to the brief review of Peggy McIntosh's essay on white privilege in your text, which of the following examples is NOT a privilege generally associated with whiteness in the US?

answer

not having to worry about how to pay for college

question

In his interview with Conley, Jen'nan Read describes the differences between arab, an ethnicity, and muslim, a religious categorization. As a group, Arab-Americans were mostly unnoticed in the US until the terrorist attacks of 9/11. Since then Arab-Americans have been the targets of racism and discrimination. What important sociological concept have Arab-Americans undergone as a group?

answer

racialization

question

Which ethnic group in the US experienced forced assimilation at the hands of governmental bureau established during the 1800s?

answer

Native Americaans

question

How was the "one-drop rule" related to laws forbidding miscegenation in the US?

answer

The one-drop rule developed out of anti-miscengenation laws because any offspring of a mixed-race union would be categorized as black

question

In the US, the one-drop rule lumped together anyone with any amount of "black blood" into one category, setting up an essentially binary racial system of black and white with little thought of other minorities, such as asians or native americans. Under Apartheid in South Africa, on the other hand, there were four racial categories; and in Brazil there are up to a dozen racial categories, depending on whom you ask. What conclusion can we draw from these difference in racial categories?

answer

Racial categories are social constructs, not biological absolutes that transcend time and place

question

Lisa is a Christian student who lives in Saudi Arabia. When she first moved to Saudi Arabia, she was sometimes denied service at restaurants for not wearing a headscarf. Now, when she leaves her apartment, she wears a headscarf. What is this an example of?

answer

Passing

question

___ is the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal human traits.

answer

Racism

question

A women whose maternal grandparents came to the US from Norway participates in a Norwegian folk dance group and bakes Norwegian pastries for special occasions. This is an example of___

answer

symbolic ethnicity

question

Why are Asians sometimes labeled a "model minority" group?

answer

compared to other minorities, the majority of Asians have achieved much success in the US in terms of educational achievement and income

question

The Nazi regime's belief that it had to protect a superior race from contamination by inferior races stemmed in part from____

answer

the notion of social darwinism

question

Feminist argues that gender matters because ____

answer

it structures social relationships with people

question

Sexuality refers to

answer

desire, sexual preference, sexual ID, and behavior

question

Gender studies explores the relationship between

answer

nature and nurture

question

In western history, the binary sex system with which we are familiar ___

answer

replaced a "one-sex" model in the mid 18th century

question

biological determinism is

answer

a line of thought that explains social behavior in terms of biology

question

Which of the following statements offers an essentialist explanation for gender differences

answer

women are overrepresented in profession such as nursing, teaching, and social work because they are inherently more nurturing and caring than men

question

What does the example of the nadle in navajo tribes teach us about gender

answer

concepts of gender are not absolute and unchanging

question

____ is a nearly universal system involving the subordination of femininity to masculinity

answer

Patriarchy

question

Talcott Parsons sex role theory proposed that a healthy, harmonious society exists when women and men

answer

play distinctive roles that fulfill specific societal needs

question

Your intro sociology professor believes that gender roles serve a purpose in society to fulfill certain functions. What type of theoretical background is your professor espousing

answer

structural functionalism

question

Which of the following theories is associated with the idea that gender is a process-a product of our everyday social interactions

answer

microinteractionist theory

question

Which of the following statements is most closely associated with a conflict theory approach to gender studies

answer

men benefit economically from women's inferior position in the family and workplace

question

some black feminists challenged the notion that

answer

all women experience oppression in the same way

question

How might a sociologist describe the difference between homosexuality and homosexual behavior

answer

homosexuality is a certain social ID, whereas homosexual behavior is an activity that is not necessarily tied to a social ID

question

Michel Foucault argued that the development of homosexuality as a social ID was related to

answer

the development of states and scientific disciplines and a desire in both arenas to monitor and categorize people and their behavior

question

The interview with Paula England highlights the changing gender dynamics of relationships for college students. According to ENgland, what is unequal about hook-up culture?

answer

Heterosexual males are not necessarily expected to satisfy the women they hook up with, but the reverse is not true

question

Which of the following jobs could be described as a "pink-collar" job in the US

answer

hotel maid

question

According to some sociologists, what happens when the number of women in a given profession starts to increase

answer

fewer men enter the profession and it eventually becomes dominated by women

question

while policies that overtly discriminate against women have mostly been removed from the workplace, covert barriers still exist. These covert barriers are often called___

answer

the glass ceiling

question

what does the term glass escalator mean

answer

mens comparatively quicker rise to leadership positions, especially in feminized jobs

question

"opting out" refers to a percieved trend among middle-class, career women to__

answer

leave the workforce and concentrate on being wives and mothers

question

Poverty can be defined

answer

a condition of deprivation due to economic circumstances that is severe enough that the individual in this condition cannot live society with dignity

question

which president decalred a "war on poverty" and over saw the creation of a wide range of programs intended to combat the causes, no just the consequences, of poverty

answer

Lyndon Johnson

question

according to the text, what question has been at the core of debate about poverty in america for the last 40 to 50 years

answer

does poverty cause social problems (such as crime, poor education outcomes, and divorce), or is poverty the result of such problems

question

The ___ theory suggests that poor people adopt certain practices that differ from those of middle-class or "mainstream" society in order to adapt and survive in difficult economic circumstances

answer

culture of poverty

question

why did the negative income tax experiment lead to more women leaving marriages

answer

the guaranteed payment that people received through the program meant that many women were no longer financially dependent on a man

question

The ___ as the label was conceived by journalist Ken Auletta, refers to people who not only are unable to take advantage of society has to offer but are also increasingly deviant and even dangerous to the rest of society

answer

underclass

question

in his interview with the author, David Grusky explains why he thinks the notion of preverse incentives is old-fashioned. Which of the following is an example of a preverse incentive?

answer

entry to a special honors program is based solely on grades with no review of the types of classes students have taken. In order to increase their chances of being accepted into the program, some students take easier classes the semester before applying in order to boost their grade point average

question

according to WIlliam Julius Wilson, how do factors such as deindustrialization, globalization, suburbanization, and discrimination contribute to high rates of welfare-dependent, single-mother families?

answer

such factors have contributed to a net shrinkage of the pool of employed, unincarcerated men, thus greatly limiting women's opportunity to find a stable life partner

question

in What Money Can't buy, sociologist Susan Mayer challenged the common assumption that

answer

poverty directly causes poor health, behavioral problems, and many other problems for children

question

according to the bell curve thesis, what has a key impact on childrens outcomes

answer

genes

question

the Gautreaux Assisted Living Program in Chicago and the Moving to Opportunity study provided opportunities to explore

answer

the effects on families in a low-poverty versus a high-poverty neighborhood

question

The Moving to Opportunity study found that children who moved from high-poverty to low-poverty neighborhoods experienced ___ outcomes on several indicators. Among families, there was ___ change in welfare use.

answer

better; minimal

question

In the US, the poverty line is established by

answer

estimating food costs on meeting minimum nutritional requirements and assuming that different types of families spend

question

which of the following is a criticism of how the poverty line is calculated in the US

answer

the formula does not reflect that housing now takes up much larger portion of family budgets

question

some theorists argue that there can never be an absolute definition of poverty because

answer

poverty is always relational-a person is not poor in isolation but rather in comparison to someone else

question

which of the following most accurately represents the relationship between poverty and child outcomes, according to two of the three theories reviewed in your text

answer

poverty-> conditions in the home-> parental behavior-> child outcomes

question

the main difference between the "no effect" paradigm and the material deprivation and parenting stress models of how poverty negatively affects children is that

answer

supporters of the "no effect" paradigm hold out little hope that much can be done to improve outcomes for poor children

question

the level of income inequality in the US is

answer

higher than that of all other advanced democracies

question

how has the timing of the transition to a free-market economy been used as one of several explanations for the great differences between the US and other advanced democracies in terms of inequality and poverty

answer

institutions that could better protect the weak or disadvantaged were more fully developed in countries that transitioned to a free-market economy later than the US did

question

apart from the timing of the transition to free-market capitalism, what is NOT another factor about the US that your text cites as potentially responsible for the comparatively high levels of inequality

answer

the geographic size

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