Sociology – Chp 10 – Flashcards
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a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and whom others see as being a distinct group
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race
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how people react to these physical characteristics and how these reactions affect individuals in society
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sociologists are concerned with?
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the set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another group
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ethnicity
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people who share a common cultural background and a common sense of identity
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ethnic group
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a group of people be because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices are singles out and unequally treated
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minority group
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-possess identifiable physical or cultural characteristics that differ from those of the dominant group -group members are the victims of unequal treatment at the hands of the dominant group -membership in the group is an ascribed status -group members share a strong bond and sense of group loyalty - members tend to practice endogamy
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5 characteristics that distinguish minority groups from other groups in society
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the denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership. behaviors
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discrimination
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unsupported generalization about a category of people. attitudes
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prejudice
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upheld by law
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legal discrimination
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an outgrowth of the structure of society. over time, unequal access to the resources of society pushes some minority groups into less-powerful positions. it is not necessary for the dominant group to consciously discriminate against these groups to maintain a system of inequality
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institutionalized discrimination
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oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group
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stereotype
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a prediction that results in behavior that makes the prediction come true
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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the belief that one's own race or ethnic group is naturally superior to other races or ethnic groups
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racism
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prejudicing and openly discriminatory
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active bigot
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prejudiced but is afraid to discriminate because of societal pressures
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timid bigot
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not prejudiced but discriminates anyways because of societal pressures
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fair-weather liberal
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not prejudiced and does not discriminate
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all-weather liberal
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the practice of placing he blame for one's trouble on an innocent individual or group
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scapegoating
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the social environment. the accepted social norms of society and the process through which these norms are learned.
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most sociological explanations of discrimination and prejudice focus on
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individual behavior. b/c they have that particular sort of personality. authoritarians; may be a product of frustration and anger.
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___ ___ provides the focus for psychological explanations fo prejudice and discrimination
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competition for scarce resources
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according to economic explanations, prejudice and discrimination arise out of ____ ___ ___ ___
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policy allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity.
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cultural pluralism
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the blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture and identity
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assimilation
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policies that physically separate a minority group from the dominant group
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segregation
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de jure and de facto
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2 types of segregation
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based on law
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de jure segregation
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based on informal norms
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de facto segregation
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the maintaining of control over a group through force
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subjugation
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the ownership of one person by another. the most extreme form of subjugation
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slavery
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when the goal of extermination is the intentional destruction of the entire targeted population
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genocide
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some dominant group have combined population transfer and extermination. involves removing a group from a particular area through terror, expulsion, and mass murder
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ethnic cleansing
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examined the issue of race relations in the US. same to the conclusion that the American people faced a great psychological and cultural conflict.
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Gunnar Myrdal
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a gap existed between what Americans claim to believe and how they actually behave. express support for equality, freedom, dignity of the individual and inalienable rights, they have not always lived up to these ideals.
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"an American dilemma"
