Sociology Chapter 4 Social Interaction – Flashcards
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Social interaction
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The process by which people act and react in relation to others
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Status
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A social position that is part of our social identity and that defines our relationships to others
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Status set
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All the statuses a person holds at a given time
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Ascribed status
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A social position a person receives involuntarily at birth or takes on later in life
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Achieved status
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A social position a person earns voluntarily that reflects a personal ability and effort
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Master status
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A status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life
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Role
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Behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status
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Role conflict
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Conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses
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Role set
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A number of roles attached to a single status
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Role strain
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Tension among the roles connected to a single status
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Social Structure
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Refers to social patterns that guide our behavior in everyday life. To which the building blocks are status and role
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Social construction of reality
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The process by which people creatively shape reality through social interaction
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Thomas theorem (W.I. Thomas)
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Claim that situations defined as real are real in their consequences
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Ethnomethodology
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Harold Garfinkel's term for the study of the way people make sense of their everyday surroundings
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Dramaturgical analysis
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Erving Goffman's term for the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance
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Presentation of self
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Erving Goffman's term for a person's efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others
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Nonverbal communication
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Communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech
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Personal space
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The surrounding area over which a person makes some claim to privacy
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Emotions
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The social construction of feelings
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Language
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The social construction of gender
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Reality play
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The social construction of humor
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Through social interaction
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we construct the reality we experience
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Culture and social class
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shape the reality people construct
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Performances
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the way we present ourselves to others
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Idealization of performances
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we try to convince others that our actions reflect ideal culture rather than selfish motives
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Embarrassment and Tact
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Embarrassment is the loss of face in a performance and people use tact to help others save face
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Gender differences in performances
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include demeanor, use of space, staring, touching, and smiling
