Sociology Chap 5 – Flashcards
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group most notable for its lack of achievement and effectiveness in decision making
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laissez-faire
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microchip; decoding of the human genome system
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The ________ is to the postindustrial society as the ________ is to the emerging biotech society.
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tendency to encourage either aggressive or apathetic behavior among group members with aggressive members growing increasingly hostile towards their leader.
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authoritarian
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giving free rein to diverse opinions
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How would an organization minimize the occurrence of groupthink?
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plays the most significant role in the development of the self
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primary group
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we often judge our own group's traits as virtues, but view the same traits in other groups as vices
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a double standard
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A substantial number of people will inflict pain on others if ordered to do so by a person in a position of authority.
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Stanley Milgram's teacher-learner experiment demonstrate?
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a form of tunnel vision that develops in which there is only one "right" viewpoint and suggested alternatives are perceived as signs of disloyalty Irving Janis
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groupthink
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How groups influence individuals and how individuals affect groups
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group dynamics
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Groups in which members take personal responsibility and work at a steady pace, even without supervision have a
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democratic leader
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Milgram's experiment involving the "small world phenomenon" utilized two groups
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starters and targets
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first nation to have an excess of 50 percent of its workforce in service industries
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the United States
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people who share a culture and a territory
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a society
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responsibility would be to keep the group moving towards its goal
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instrumental leader
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A group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face association and cooperation
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primary group
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gender inequality became more pronounced with the development of the plow, as men assumed the duties of plowing and caring for the cattle
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Elise Boulding
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The new technology was far more efficient than anything that preceded it, leading to larger surpluses and greater inequality.
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Why did the creation of the industrial society lead to greater social inequality?
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society is characterized as being the most egalitarian and nomadic, consisting of 25 to 40 members
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the hunting and gathering society
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alignment of some members of a group against others group of three members, two of the three may have a tendency to alienate the third member and dominate the decision making for the group
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coalition
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horticultural and pastoral
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The first social revolution, namely the domestication of animals and plants, occurred during which stage in the evolution of societies?
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the graduating class of a large university
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In which group would diffusion of responsibility be the greatest concern?
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one feels loyalty VS one feels antagonism
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in-group VS out-group
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smallest possible group consisting of two VS group of three
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Dyad VS triad
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keeps group moving towards its goals VS increases harmony and keeps peace in a group
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Instrumental VS expressive leader
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people who temporarily share physical space but do not see themselves together
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Aggregate
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society based on pasturing of animals
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pastoral society
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cultivating plants by use of hand tools
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horticultural society
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first social revolution, based on domestication of plants and animals
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domestication revolution
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second social revolution based on invention of plow, led to agricultural societies
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agricultural revolution
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economy increasingly centers on modifying genetics to produce food, medicine, materials
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biotech society
