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How are social programs distributed?

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Cash, housing, social services, etc

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How do we pay for social programs?

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Taxes

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Social welfare definition

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Actions of a government that impact the well-being of its citizens

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Residual social welfare

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Assumes that the problem is a temporary crisis. Assumes the problem is in control of the individual Means testing/last option Meant to be temporary help

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Institutional social welfare

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Social problems are not just immediate. Based on problems associated with modern life (i.e. aging and income security)

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3 Types of social welfare services

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income (Social security, TANF), services (mental health services, chold welfare), in-kind benefits(medicare, food stamps)

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American Social Welfare state

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federal social programs are best way to help disadvantaged best viewed through political-economic lens Mix of public/private services tradition of volunteering

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USA values regarding social welfare

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work ethic the individual is responsible for oneself religion (Christianity)

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Political economy of American Social Welfare

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Democratic capitalism Main function of social welfare is to modify the play of market forces and to moderate the social/economic inequities the market generates

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Democratic capitalism

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Open representative form of government that coexists with a market economy

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3 major schools of economic thought

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Keynesian, Free market/classical, democratic socialism

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Keynesian economy

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architecture of modern welfare state economies form backbone of political system demand/consumer side economics believes social welfare expenses are investment in social capital that increases national wealth Liberal

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Free market

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Supply side/producers Conservative Social welfare programs detrimental to society Social good is realized by maximized self interest Best society is when everyone actively pursues their own good

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Democratic socialism

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has faith in market economy but wants to make it more responsive to human needs pure capitalism isnt going to advocate for common good

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USA political schools of though

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neo Liberalism, neo Conservative

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secularism

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to draw away from religious orientation

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Settlement houses

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1880s: Hull House/Jane addams help people in a neighborhood to organize

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in kind benefits

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benefits provided as proxies for cash (food stamps, housing vouchers)

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classical liberalism

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advancing the public good by promoting an expanding economy coupled with the growth of universal, non means tested social welfare and health care programs

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neoliberalism

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more cautious of government, less antagonistic towards big business, and more skeptical of universal entitlements

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self-reliance school

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industrial economic models are irrelevant to the needs of poor communities and often damaging to the spiritual life of people more is less, less is more

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classical conservatism

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less government, less taxes Seperation of church and state, weaker federal government, more socially liberal than cultural conservastives people have right to live life as long as they dont hurt others in the process

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neoconservatism

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transfer as much welfare from govt to private sector as possible income inequality is socially desireable

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policy framework

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systematic model for examining a specific social welfare policy(s).

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8 key elements of policy framework analysis

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systematically analyze a social policy or program reflect understanding that social policy is context sensitive employ rational methods of inquiry succeeding analysis should approximate same conclusion based on commitment to largest possible social benefit/lowest cost attempt to take into account unintended consequences consider alternative social policies examine impact on other social policies and public good

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Why is prohibition a failed policy?

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didn't decrease crime, didn't increase family stability, led to organized crime

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3 factors of policy viability

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Political, economic, administrative

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Political feasibility

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which groups will support/oppose? estimate power base of those groups subject to public perception/opinion

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Economic feasibility

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direct/indirect funding is there enough funding for successful implimentation? estimate future funding needs

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Administrative feasibility

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Effectiveness and efficiencey

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Most important religious influence in USA?

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Judeo-Christian

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1601 Elizabethan poor laws

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Needy children given apprenticeships able bodied given work worthy poor were provided institutional or home relief

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American social attitudes based on Protestant work ethic (TF)

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true

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Social Darwinism

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survival of the fittest, reward entrepenuers, dont give much to poor Nazis

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Dortheia Dix

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activist responsible for creation of first wave of American mental asylums

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Definition of poverty

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deprivation self-perpetuating cycle often transmitted inter-generationally

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Absolute poverty

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people that fall below a base standard of what is necessary for survival

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relative poverty

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deprivation that is relative to the standard of living of majority of members in a society

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3 categories of people in poverty

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Working poor Unemployed People with human capital deficits (poor healthcare, poor education, etc)

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Poverty line/threshold

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official measure used for statistical purposes, determined by a given income level

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Poverty guideline

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slightly lower poverty level than the threshold, used for determining eligibility requirements for federal programs

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Discrimination & poverty

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linked to fabric of social welfare economic, spocial, and political discrimination leads to poverty

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Social structuralism

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Caused by discrimination, built in ideology, leads to actions against certain groups

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Curative approach

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help poor become self supporting through changes in their personal lives and environment

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Alleviative approach

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exemplified by public assistance programs (ease suffering)

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Preventative approach

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exemplified by social insurance programs (social security)

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Causes of discrimination

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Psychological interpretations, Normative cultural theories, Economic theories

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Psychological interpretations

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Frustration-aggression theory: activated when individual needs become frustrated and a target is substituted Authoritatioan personality theory: reaction to authority

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Normative cultural theories

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People are prejeduced because of their socialization society teaches discrimination and rewards conformity

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Economic theories

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dominant groups discriminate to maintain economic/political advantage

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