Social Stratification Exam 1 – Flashcards
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American Ideology and the US society Social Strat System
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emphasis of centrality of individual achievement equal opportunity and the importance of hard work, receives politicians business leaders and media spokespeople, ect. but the actual working producing social inequalities and social strat tend to remain unexplained
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Forms of Capital:
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Financial: monetary/wages/salary- purchasable items... computers books/tuition Cultural: knowledgable skills and behaviors passed down generation Human: Skills knowledge expertise (schooling, job training ) formal/ informal carpenter Social: social networking, individual network groups assist participants in pursuing valued objects
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Enterprise System (ES) & Walmart
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core technologies uses sophisticated computer hardware/software to standardize and monitor the full production of tasks companies preform Tag sensors smart chips to locate products through production and distribution ex/ sent package to wrong place big success- lots of productivity
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Talcott Parsons " The social movement"
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leading voice stable society-functioning society integrated structure of action elements brought together in a certain kind of ordered system emphasized that the system he desired was stable in equilibrium
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Structural Functional Theory
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perspective suggesting that groups in interaction tend to adjust to one another in a fairly stable conflict free way
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DAVIS MOORE thesis of social interaction
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inevitable and necessary some positions require special ability or training individuals qualified to do their jobs are in short supply
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MELVIN TUMIN CRITIQUE of davis moore
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individuals in well paid positions are compensated for talent and training 1. well paid people not always more valuable than less affluent 2. instead of job payment linked to an contribution ex/ athletes 3. overstated the sacrifice factors and other preparing for high status jobs (parents pay for school)
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Conflict Theory
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struggle for wealth and power and prestige-central concern for society helps analyze topics-social inequality strat income ect.
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Mode of Production
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dominant influence on society structure nations organized system for develop good service, feudalism, capital, socialism
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Substructure
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material condition of production such as gathering hunting agriculture or industrial development determines superstrucutre
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Superstructure
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capital class interested in this mode of production that is structured and activities non economic: health, family, education
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Marxist Capital Class System
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means of production: factory farm business where goods and services developed bourgeoisie: class with ownership of various means of production proletariat: workers who do not own the means of production labor for wages because have no other source of income Surplus value: difference between a product economic worth workers payment provides bourgeoisie with expanding profit and the proletariat with a steady decline of living
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False Consciousness
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due to bourgeoisie ideology-control proletariat inability to perceive that the established economic and political forces inevitably make them exploited
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Petite Bourgeoisie
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small business class whose members never accumulate enough profit to expand their holding and to challenge bourgeoisie supremacy
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Lumpenproletariat
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portion of working class of societies dregs/swindlers/brother keepers beggars re disengaged from revolutionary struggles
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Conspicuous Consumption
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Lavish expenditure of high priced items goods service in order to flaunt wealth waste of time essentially
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Webers Theory(class, status, party)
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class-set of individuals with similar chances for getting wealth.income in business world CLASS- production goods STATUS- distinctive live style status: estimation of persons honor or prestige party-live in a house of power, represent interest of class or power but often both not only political groups but consumer business foundations
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Webers Types of Authority
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bureaucratic- administers tasks controlling (China, Japan, India)-laws, rules hierarchy, written record Traditional: patriarchal , dominant individual : husband, father, master, Lord, maintaining legitimacy based on belief son-king Charismatic- pursues a mission driven by power sense of divine purpose and draws followers who are committed to that mission
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Erik Wrights Perspectives on Class
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agreed means of production should be a factor in determining class placement but said other traits control over ownership-expansion/invest/profit control production process-development strategy production- increase or decrease production control over employees- range of supervision skill level-abilities through training contribution to origin of skill level
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C Wright Mills and Power Elite
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power elite: high status people control the process to determine society political leadership: since ww2 military: defense spending strong supports corporate elite: 1950s leaders working with prominent military off who dominate politics
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Immanuel Wallersteins Modern World System
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capitalist global economy which contains multiple states and a single domain international division of labor CORE: successful industrial nation both political and economical high standard of living ( west euro, japan, Australia, new zealand, us SEMI PERIPHERAL- independent state moderate level of industrial asia south korea, hong kong, Malaysia PERIPHERAL- poorest/ least powerful least industrial (Africa, asia, latin america)
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Multinationals
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large corporation which both produces and sells goods or service in various countries attained massive wealth and power
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Areas of Expansion as the World Systems Developed
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agriculture, industry, commerce, finance formation of ideology growth of military
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5 Class form Core Nations
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capitalist- control nations multinational disproportionate share of wealth professional management- well educated, advance degree, well paid lower middle class: small business owner, clerk sales people ,sufficient school, modest savings working class-skilled unskilled limited education, carpenter ect Poor- least school, few jobs unemployment
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Agricultural Disruption and the Irish Potato Famine
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blight cause of potato famine-1845-52 drove over a million irish citizens to migrate to US exported products particularly livestock continued to be shipped to England under guard during famine multinationals invest agriculture in less developed areas to maximize profits-
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International Monetary Fund (IMF) Impact on nationals social inequality
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additional conditions influencing a given nation social inequality include- technology education, sectional shift technology-growth advanced skills education-increased to provide better acess to higher skilled better pay positions sectional share employment- shift in work impact many peoples income.. industrial goes up ... income goes up governmental concern for public- ability to provide welfare
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International Case Study-semi peripheral CHINA, LATIN A, INDIA
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CHINA: world trade markets grown, big in walmart work closely provide droms where factory workers live. long hours low pay because dependent on factory ... hegemonic deposition LATIN A: formation of upper class more powerful than other places enriched economically politically sharp racial difference to establish class distinctions failed many states to address citizens needs produce low cost clothing-work more than 30 days need to register for medical... however many people were unqualified because were not trained INDIA: diverse working condition overall pwoer... 1/2 are farm owners and laborers
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Discipline of Workers Rebok Swetshop INDIA
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subminimum wages mistake: punishments: beatings painful confinement in sun ex: pregnant woman suffered latter punishment union was created imposed to be less fearful illegally closed down 2000 out of work
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Negative Conditions in Sweatshops
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1. unstable employment 2. Exposure to difficult dangerous conditions 3. Sexism/Racism 4. Captive, Child Labor 5. Ineffective Monitoring-cheap prices
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Conditions leading to Squatter Community
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1. growing inequality 2. Surplus population-unemployment jobs/poor pay exploited 3. Retirement of the welfare state-less support for poor people 4. Stigmatization- promotion of isolation and diminished to break out
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Squatters
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settle on land that doesn't belong to them 205 billion n plant tend to be poor, but not always vary income work aspirations and class
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Social Inequality and Access to Wealth income jobs and education
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individuals families and members of places like neighborhoods differ in resources wealth, income, education health jobs sometimes inequality can change ex/ working class pay boosts
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Social Stratification
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hierarchy providing different groups varied rewards resources and privileges and establishing structures and relationships that determine and legitimate outcomes
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G Wiliam Dormhoff Interlocking directories
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formal connection between two major corporations which develops when an officer from one company serves on the board of directors of another shared invest-benefit these companies
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Thomas Dye "multiple of the institutional elite"
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core of the elite called innner circle are Dyes multiple interlockers because of presence on at least two boards..... small percentage of the institutional elite has greater range of communication and a wider scope of influence than their peers on just one board well placed to link corporate world with politicians foundations ect.. white males mainly
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3 countries have single handily dominated world
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Holland Great Britain US
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Four Key Areas development of world systems
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economic growth ideology strong military restrict previous world system
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Globalization/Global Economy
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grown system to 1/2/3 world countries more of a global village with increase tech advancement and transportation we have become stratified through globalization-force 3rd world countries to sell crops
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