Question 1

After breaking up with your boyfriend, you imagine that you would still be with him if you had treated him more considerately. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

counterfactual thinking.

Question 2

According to a study by Burger and Pavelich (1994), voters were more likely to attribute the outcome of an election to the _______ the day after a presidential election, and to the _______ a year after the election.

Accepted Answer

candidate\'s personal traits and positions; nation\'s economy

Question 3

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment is called

Accepted Answer

a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 4

Attributing behavior to a person\'s traits is an example of what type of attribution?

Accepted Answer

dispositional

Question 5

According to the text, many men assume women are flattered by repeated requests for dates, which women more often see as harassing. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

misattribution.

Question 6

After 9/11, many people abandoned air travel because of the

Accepted Answer

availability heuristic.

Question 7

A self-conscious state in which attention focuses on oneself is called

Accepted Answer

self-awareness.

Question 8

Assuming most crimes involve violence because the news generally reports on rapes, robberies, and beatings is an example of the _______ heuristic.

Accepted Answer

availability

Question 9

Burger and Pavelich (1994) found that voters were more likely to attribute the outcome of an election to the candidate\'s personal traits and positions the day after a presidential election, and to the nation\'s economy a year after the election. This represents which of the following explanations for the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

changing perspectives trend

Question 10

\"Implicit\" thinking that is effortless, habitual, and without awareness is called

Accepted Answer

automatic processing

Question 11

Although travelers in the United States are more likely to die in an automobile crash than on a commercial flight covering the same distance, people often assume that flying is more dangerous than driving. What type of heuristic are people using when they make this assumption?

Accepted Answer

availability heuristic

Question 12

A fellow student is consistently late for class. You assume this is because he is lazy and unorganized. What type of attribution are you making for his behavior?

Accepted Answer

dispositional

Question 13

According to research done by Miller and his colleagues (1975), if you want young children to put trash in wastebaskets, you should repeatedly

Accepted Answer

congratulate them for being neat and tidy.

Question 14

According to the attribution theorist Kelley (1973), what three types of information do we use when we make attributions for other people\'s behavior?

Accepted Answer

consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus

Question 15

\"Explicit\" thinking that is deliberate, reflective, and conscious is called

Accepted Answer

controlled processing

Question 16

According to your text, people everywhere perceive referees and the media as

Accepted Answer

biased against their position.

Question 17

Activating particular associations in memory is called

Accepted Answer

priming

Question 18

Attributing behavior to a person\'s environment is an example of what type of attribution?

Accepted Answer

situational

Question 19

According to the text, observers tend to attribute a person\'s behavior to _______ the more that time passes.

Accepted Answer

the situation

Question 20

After reading a newspaper article about teenagers who illegally download music from the Internet, you conclude that those who engage in such behavior are morally bankrupt. It never occurs to you that the reason teenagers download music from the Internet is because they are not able to afford the price of a compact disc, or the temptation to download, coupled with the peer pressure to do so, is often great. Your thinking on this matter can be characterized by the

Accepted Answer

fundamental attribution error.

Question 21

According to the research study in the video, if a subject is told that their ability to learn a skill is based on \"innate IQ and ability\":

Accepted Answer

They become less confident and unwilling to set high goals.

Question 22

High self-efficacy leads one to be:

Accepted Answer

More persistent.

Question 23

Albert Bandura studied how _________ ___________ contributed to performance:

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy

Question 24

Patricia Ryan explained how status can be increased by:

Accepted Answer

Speaking calmly and making eye contact.

Question 25

Carl Rogers proposed that:

Accepted Answer

Everyone has the capacity for self-understanding and self-direction.

Question 26

Research has indicated that our beliefs and behavior can create their own reality. We behave in a certain way, others respond to us based on our behavior. This is called:

Accepted Answer

Behavioral confirmation.

Question 27

Freud believed that the \"self\":

Accepted Answer

Was a weak, passive link between the id and superego.

Question 28

According to the research of Dr. Teresa Amabile:

Accepted Answer

People motivated by interest and enjoyment are the most creative.

Question 29

Someone who is very concerned about their own weight, may perceive others through weight issues. They would be considered:

Accepted Answer

Weight schematic.

Question 30

What do social psychologists mean by \"individuation?\"

Accepted Answer

Separation of the child from its mother.

Question 31

When we behave in such a way that we want others to see us as we see ourselves, this is called:

Accepted Answer

Strategic self-presentation.

Question 32

According to the research of Dr. Hazel Marcus:

Accepted Answer

People in Japan prefer to be connected to others.

Question 33

These are cognitive ways in which we categorize things in the world, an organized system of beliefs about something that is built up from experience and guides the processing of new information:

Accepted Answer

Schemas.

Question 34

All of the following except ___________are kinds of \"self\" according to William James

Accepted Answer

Cultural.

Question 35

Considering that most people want others to view them in a positive light, the particular way in which we strive to view ourselves and the way in which we want others to view us pertains to our ________________.

Accepted Answer

self presentation

Question 36

The results of research regarding rating one\'s self, compared to others, in numerous domains, show that people tend to

Accepted Answer

rate themselves as being better than average compared to other people.

Question 37

Some people engage in _______________ behavior by not trying their best, on purpose, out of fear of failure, to avoid dealing with negative feelings that might arise if they were to try their hardest and it was not good enough to succeed.

Accepted Answer

self-handicapping

Question 38

Research regarding self-serving bias has shown that displaying a self-serving bias can

Accepted Answer

be adaptive and protect a person from stress and negative moods.

Question 39

What term, originally observed by studying dogs in an experimental situation, who appeared passive and depressed after being forbidden to escape an electric shock and did not try to escape from the shock when permitted to do so, was extrapolated and applied to humans who give up and do not try to better themselves when faced with overwhelming adversities.

Accepted Answer

learned helplessness

Question 40

At the luncheon, Steven rambled on and on about his political views, thinking everyone at the table agreed. Little did he know, they were secretly groaning and rolling their eyes. Which of the following would this describe?

Accepted Answer

The false consensus effect.

Question 41

A young child brings her finger painting home to her narcissistic parent. What will the child most likely hear?

Accepted Answer

\"Uh, what does that have to do with me?\"

Question 42

In the middle of a grueling exam, a student pauses momentarily and gives herself a silent cheer: \"You can do it, you can do it. You can, you can.\" She winds up earning an A. This would demonstrate which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

Being high in self-efficacy.

Question 43

The term ______________ is used to describe when a person\'s confidence level moves into the realm of arrogance.

Accepted Answer

narcissism

Question 44

Regarding research on subjects who are presented with choices about which they can make decisions, there is evidence that shows that

Accepted Answer

subjects are more satisfied after having fewer possible choices than more choices

Question 45

The false uniqueness effect occurs when

Accepted Answer

a person thinks they are overly special for being talented or performing a good deed, not realizing that they are relatively common and not so great.

Question 46

The results from research on optimism shows that

Accepted Answer

people rate themselves in a manner that is unrealistically optimistic.

Question 47

Group-serving bias involves

Accepted Answer

attributing positive aspects to a group that a person is affiliated with, and negative aspects to those who are not part of a person\'s group.

Question 48

Julian Rotter\'s concept of locus of control involves

Accepted Answer

when someone attributes an event as being something that is under their control or as being outside of their control.

Question 49

Cultural differences in a person\'s self-concept reflect

Accepted Answer

collectivism and individualism.

Question 50

Self-serving bias involves

Accepted Answer

the tendency to take credit for something when succeeding, and to blame others when one has failure experiences.

Question 51

Self-concept refers to

Accepted Answer

a person\'s identity.

Question 52

How is self-esteem different from self-concept?

Accepted Answer

both B and C.

Question 53

The term \"possible selves\" refers to

Accepted Answer

who we hope to be in the future and who we hope not to become.

Question 54

Someone who speaks their mind, as opposed to being a \"yes-man\" would be considered

Accepted Answer

low in self monitoring

Question 55

A famous study to research obedience to authority was surprising to scientists and the public because:

Accepted Answer

No one expected that 65% (2/3) of the participants would obey the experimenter and deliver shocks up to the highest level.

Question 56

This famous social psychologist escaped Nazi Germany and went on to study leadership styles:

Accepted Answer

Kurt Lewin.

Question 57

Which statement BEST describes the \"error\" in the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

We tend to overemphasize the influence of personality factors in making attributions about others.

Question 58

Alex is a participant in a study that involves judging line length. On several trials, all of the other participants made obviously incorrect judgments, and Alex must decide what to do. This study was developed by ________________ to study ___________:

Accepted Answer

Solomon Asch; conformity.

Question 59

Social psychology began to emerge as the distinctive field it is today during:

Accepted Answer

World War II when researchers contributed studies about persuasion and leadership styles.

Question 60

What 3 leadership styles were studied in 1939 with young boys as subjects?

Accepted Answer

Democratic, autocratic, laissez-faire.

Question 61

Why is there concern about experiments involving shocking others?

Accepted Answer

There may be long term emotional effects on the part of the subjects.

Question 62

Thomas Moriarty found in his research:

Accepted Answer

That 95% of people would help when asked.

Question 63

The famous leadership study found that:

Accepted Answer

Autocratic leaders produced more work when they were present.

Question 64

The main point of Phillip Zimbardo\'s study related to:

Accepted Answer

How social roles dictate our behavior.

Social Psych Chapters 1-3 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards