question

Which concept refers to the social institution by which society transmits knowledge to its members?

answer

education

question

Which concept refers to formal instruction carried out by specially trained teachers?

answer

schooling

question

A few major reasons why schooling is limited in poor societies of the world is that parents need their children to __w_______, and to provide __f______ and __i_________.

answer

work, food, income

question

Every state had enacted a law requiring children to attend school by what year?

answer

1918

question

Not being able to read and write or do basic arithmetic well enough to carry out daily responsibilities is referred to as which type of illiteracy?

answer

functional illiteracy

question

In 1896, which Supreme Court case's decision affirmed the principle of racial segregation if the facilities for blacks and whites were separate but equal?

answer

Plessy v. Ferguson

question

In 1954, which Supreme Court case ruled that racially segregated schools violated the Constitution, striking down the "separate but equal" standard that dated by to 1896?

answer

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

question

During the 1960s, many white families moved from the central cities to the suburbs, thereby escaping school busing programs. This movement was commonly called "_________ Flight."

answer

white

question

Which concept refers to lifetime experiences and opportunities that enhance a student's ability to learn and succeed?

answer

Cultural capital

question

What school policy assigns students to different educational programs?

answer

tracking

question

In 1972, Congress passed Title IX of the Education Amendments to the Civil Rights Act, which banned _______ discrimination in education and mandated that _________ receiving federal funding provide ____________ programs for male and female students.

answer

sex, schools, equal

question

What policy mandates teaching non-English speakers in English?

answer

English immersion

question

What policy directs schools to offer classes in most subject areas in the students' native language, while also teaching them English.

answer

bilingual education

question

In 1998, Californians passed Proposition 227, which banned ____________ programs in favor of the English- _____________ approach.

answer

bilingual, immersion

question

Which act passed by Congress in 1975 required states to educate all children with disabilities?

answer

Education for all handicapped children act

question

Which policy requires integrating special students into the overall educational program?

answer

mainstreaming

question

The fact that our school system socializes all students to be docile, obedient workers and patriotic citizens is one example of schooling's _____________ curriculum.

answer

hidden

question

Back in 1776, when this country was founded, the largest city in the country was Philadelphia, with a population of only how many people?

answer

42,000

question

When the United States declared independence in 1776, what share of the population lived in cities?

answer

5

question

The concept "metropolis" is derived from the Greek, meaning what?

answer

Mother city

question

The "great metropolis" developed in the United States between which years?

answer

1860-1950

question

The public began to link cities with social problems about what year?

answer

1900

question

Urban areas beyond the political boundaries of cities are referred to as?

answer

suburbs

question

The decentralization of the urban population led to rapid, unplanned, and low density development at the edge of expanding urban areas. This development is called what?

answer

urban sprawl

question

The movement of business from the central city to centers some distance from the old downtowns has created _________ cities.

answer

edge

question

In the late 1980s, Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton examined large cities across the United States and documented the existence of a pattern they called what?

answer

Hypersegregation

question

In 2008, seven of the top ten cities were in the South and West—a region often called the what?

answer

Sunbelt

question

Living in large industrial cities, people interact on the basis of self-interest. This type of social organization reflects what Tonnies referred to as: G______________.

answer

Gesellschaft

question

Which concept refers to a type of social solidarity based on specialization and mutual interdependence?

answer

Organic

question

Emile Durkheim described the social ties commonly found in rural areas as which type of solidarity?

answer

mechanical

question

Durkheim's mechanical solidarity is similar to Tonnies' concept of: G____________.

answer

Gemeinschaft

question

Which German sociologist explained that people living in cities experience intense stimulation and often respond by "tuning out" some of the world around them?

answer

Georg Simmel

question

According to Georg Simmel, the sights, sounds, and smells of the city, along with the vast number of people, all combine to overwhelm the senses. The result, claimed Simmel, is that urbanites develop a ____________ attitude.

answer

blase

question

During the 1950s, and again in the early 1970s, which researcher monitored the mental health of New Yorkers, concluding that mental health in New York was actually a little better than in rural areas?

answer

Leo Srole

question

Which concept refers to the study of human population?

answer

Demography

question

Which concept refers to the incidence of childbearing in a country's population?

answer

Fertility

question

Which concept refers to the number of deaths among children under one year of age for each thousand live births in a given year?

answer

Infant mortality rate

question

Who was the English economist, clergyman, and pioneer demographer who predicted in 1798 that population would increase geometrically, but food production would increase arithmetically?

answer

Thomas Robert Malthus

question

The series of numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and so on reflect which type of progression?

answer

Geometric progression

question

The series of numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and so on reflect which type of progression?

answer

Arithmetic progression

question

During Stage 2 (the onset of industrialization) of the demographic transition, birth rates are _________ and death rates are _____________.

answer

High, low

question

During Stage 4 (a postindustrial economy) of the demographic transition, birth rates are ________ and death rates are _________.

answer

Low, low

question

People living in middle-income countries have incomes ranging between what dollar amounts?

answer

2,500-10,000

question

Which type of poverty refers to a lack of resources that most other people take for granted?

answer

Relative

question

Which type of poverty refers to a life-threatening lack of resources?

answer

Absolute

question

Which type of slavery refers to a situation in which one person owns another?

answer

Chattel

question

Which theory is a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of technological and cultural differences between societies?

answer

Modernization

question

Which theory is a model of economic development that explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor societies by rich ones?

answer

World system

question

Which concept refers to a new form of economic exploitation that involves the operation of multinational corporations, rather than direct control by foreign governments?

answer

Neocolonialism

question

Middle-income countries form which part of the capitalist world economy? (Hint: core, semi-periphery, or periphery)?

answer

Semi-periphery

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