Social Anxiety Disorder Annotated Bibliography Essay Example

abuse, even without concrete evidence.
According to Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., & Miller, J. Y. (1992), there are risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems during adolescence and early adulthood that have implications for preventing substance abuse. Parents should consider these factors.
Hawkins also suggests that teenagers who abuse drugs may suffer from physical diseases and disabilities due to overdosing on drugs. The author further points out that a higher proportion of young people involved with alcohol are at an increased risk of experiencing homicide, suicide, illness, and accidents.

The author suggests that young individuals may partake in immoral actions, such as engaging in sexual activities, especially when they are influenced by drugs. This is due to the mood-altering and decision-making effects of substances found in drugs. Furthermore, teenagers might encounter different mental disorders like developmental delays, psychological problems, disinterest, depression, and withdrawal symptoms. Hawkins further emphasizes that marijuana, frequently utilized by youths, hampers their short-term memory function leading to a decrease in memory.

Hawkins et al (1992) stated that drug abuse in teenagers can have multiple adverse effects. Apart from inducing impulsive behavior, hallucinations, paranoia, and aggression, drugs also compromise the immune system and heighten vulnerability to infections. Moreover, drugs are linked to various cardiovascular issues like irregular heart rates and cardiac arrest. Additionally, teenage drug abuse can lead to abdominal pain, vomiting, and nausea. The most severe repercussions encompass seizures, liver cirrhosis, and collapsed lungs.

• meta-analysis. Journal of primary Prevention, 20(4), 275-336.
  ">Tobler et al.'s (2000) study on school-based adolescent drug prevention programs highlights the effectiveness of abstinence in preventing drug use among teenagers.

The author emphasizes that abstinence is the most effective method for preventing drug use among teenagers.

According to Tobler, teenagers should bravely stand out and reject any negative peer influence. The author emphasizes that if someone is pressuring you to engage in negative behavior, it is within your rights to question their motives and remove yourself from the situation. Seeking guidance from parents is always beneficial, according to the author. Tobler urges us to establish connections with our parents to gain knowledge and seek their counsel.

• Griffin, K. W., Botvin, G. J., Scheier, L. M., Diaz, T., & Miller, N. L. (2000). Parenting practices as predictors of substance use, delinquency, and aggression among urban minority youth: moderating effects of family structure and gender. Psychology of addictive behaviors, 14(2), 174.

Griffin and Botvin's study published in the Psychology of Addictive Behaviors (2000) highlights how parents play a crucial role in guiding teenagers towards positive experiences while educating them about the negative consequences and potential long-term health issues associated with drug abuse. The authors stress the importance of parents enforcing family rules regarding drugs and alcohol.

Through this, the author concludes that there will be a minimal number of teenagers indulged in drugs. The author asserts that the parents are the cornerstone to curb this behavior.

References

1. Newcomb, M. D., ; Bentler, P. M. (2010). Substance use and abuse among children and teenagers. American psychologist, 44(2), 242 O

In The Journal of Counseling Psychology, volume 34, issue 2, an article titled "Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., & Miller, J. Y. (1992)" was published on page 205.

The article titled "Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: implications for substance abuse prevention" by Tobler, N. S., Roona, M. R., Ochshorn, P., Marshall, D. G., Streke, A.

V., ; Stackpole, K. M. (2000). School-based adolescent drug prevention programs: 1998 meta-analysis. Journal of primary Prevention, 20(4), 275-336. Griffin, K. W., Botvin, G.

J. Scheier, L. M., Diaz, T., & Miller, N. L. (2000).

The article "Parenting practices as predictors of substance use, delinquency, and aggression among urban minority youth: moderating effects of family structure and gender" (Psychology of addictive behaviors, 14(2), 174) examines how parenting practices influence substance use, delinquency, and aggression in urban minority youth. The study also investigates how family structure and gender affect these relationships.