question

Gerontology is the scientific study of the ________________ aspects of aging.

answer

biological, psychological, and social

question

In an Israeli Kibbutz, all members regardless of their age, strength, position, or status have all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

COMPULSORY RETIREMENT

question

Which of the following is not a factor associated with successful aging?

answer

Accepting compulsory retirement

question

A good example of functional age is:

answer

at the age of 58, no longer able to run 20 miles as before.

question

Which of the following is not an example of chronicle age?

answer

well old

question

The mose important factors in determining subjective age identity is activity level and ________.

answer

health.

question

Mrs. Moth recently became a grandmother. THe best term to define the change in her life is ___________.

answer

social role

question

Geronologists define "a cohort" as:

answer

an aggregate of individuals who experience the same event within the same time interval.

question

The term "agism" is best understood as:

answer

prejudice and discrimination against people beacuse they are old.

question

All of the following are facts about aging except:

answer

Nearly a third of people 65 or older are in nursing homes.

question

Men are more likely than women to be widowed.

answer

False.

question

In the new millennium, policy issues concerning the elderly will be at the center of the shifting political spectrum.

answer

True.

question

The portrayal of elderly people in television ads has improved significantly in the last 30 to 40 years.

answer

True

question

In the past, older parents commonly lived with their children and grandchildren.

answer

False

question

People who grew up during The Great Depression in the 1930s may be more cautious about spending their money than people who grew up in the 1990s. This is an example of:

answer

a cohort effect

question

Each succeeding generation in this country has been better educated than the one before it which is important since education is one of the best predictors of a range of social outcomes.

answer

True

question

Across the life course, people with college degrees have better jobs, higher lifetime income, and better health than less educated people.

answer

True

question

Gerontological specialists fall into all catergories listed below except _______________.

answer

early education.

question

One study of adjustment to life in a nursing home found that the most vulnerable individuals were:

answer

those who have lost control of their own life.

question

The largest birth cohort in the 20th century that will demand support in their old age is clearly the ____________.

answer

Baby Boomers

question

Informal rules that specify age-appropriate roles and behavior and tell us whether we are on time or off time for various life events are known as:

answer

Age norms

question

The life course of individuals is shaped entirely by the individual.

answer

False

question

Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of age grade?

answer

Most societies have more clearly marked age grades for females.

question

An example of cohort effect is:

answer

an older cohort whoe believes that living together is wrong when the younger cohort does not.

question

Which of the following longitudinal research designs found that personality does not change after 30?

answer

The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

question

The longitudinal research design which found that African-American respondents are less likely than Caucasian respondents to receive assistance or to use informal sources of health care was:

answer

Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest-Old study.

question

A major disadvantage of the longitudinal research design is the cost.

answer

True

question

In sociological terms, the __________ clock orders major life events.

answer

Social

question

One of the reasons for the "crowded nest" phenomenon is:

answer

low wage for young workers.

question

Social scientists have found that there is a sequencing in the order of later life moves. The second move is more likely to occur when:

answer

older adults develop chronic disabilities, a serious illness, or become widowed.

question

One theory which seeks to explain why inequality increases with age is the:

answer

cumulative disadvantage theory.

question

Why do most people think of "old age" as starting at 65?

answer

Prior to the year 2000, that was the age at which retired workers could begin receiving Social Security benefits.

question

Women are still the primary caregivers for children and aging parents. One of the disadvantages they face because of this is:

answer

they may turn down promotions at work in exchange for a flexible work schedule, leaving them with lower wages and less retirement income.

question

Longitudinal research follows the same group of people over time.

answer

True

question

Childhood weight patterns have no long-term effect on weight gain or loss in adult years as was once thought.

answer

False

question

Settersen and Hagestad suggest to use the term age timetables instead of age norms because

answer

there are no sanctions or consequences for missing age norms.

question

A _____ is the impact of a historical event on the entire society.

answer

period effect

question

One researcher found that German veterans who survived WWII were most affected when they

answer

entered the labor market for the first time after the war.

question

Most older people have serious disabilities.

answer

False

question

Until recently, middle age was indistinct from the rest of adult life.

answer

True

question

The first practitioners of social gerontology were:

answer

Developmental psychologists

question

A theory is:

answer

a broad explanation that provides the structure for organizing and interpreting multiple observable facts and their relationship to one another.

question

For both disengagement and activity theories, the main focus is:

answer

individual

question

One of the findings from the larger study in Chicago in the 1940s on adjustment to aging among Caucasian middle class men and women over 60 was:

answer

poor adjustment was correlated with lack of activity

question

The theory stated that individuals play a varietyof social roles across the life course, such as student, mother, wife, daughter, businesswoman, volunteer, grandmother, and so on and was one of the earliest attempts in social gerontology to explain how individuals adjust to aging. This theory is known as:

answer

Role Theory

question

Researchers use _____ to try to understand what they are observing in a way that is reliable and valid across observations, and then they account for what they observed in the light of what has already been learned from previous research.

answer

the scientific method of inquiry.

question

The fact that nearly all older people have basic health insurance through Medicare, but most have no way to pay for long term care is an example that demonstrates the _____________.

answer

Political Economy Approach

question

The Disengagement Theory developed by Cummings and Henry states that:

answer

normal aging involves a natural and inevitable withdrawal from people in the social system.

question

Which of the following is not a factor listed in your textbook regarding the disengagement among nursing home residents?

answer

eating difficulties

question

According the the activity theory:

answer

Successful aging is active aging

question

The continuity theory uses:

answer

a lifecourse perspective to define normal aging and to distinguish it from pathological aging

question

The most controversial element of the continuity theory is the definition of:

answer

normal aging

question

According to Arnold Rose, within the subculture of the elderly, high status is conferred on those who:

answer

have good mental and physical health

question

Recent studies have found the exchange theory useful in explaining:

answer

reasons for social interaction.

question

All of the following are types of social change in the modernization theory except:

answer

leisure activities

question

Johnson and Barer, in the study of the oldest-old, found that about half remained engaged in social activites and those who did not were childless and single.

answer

False

question

The political economy theories view old age as a socially constructed process created through power struggles.

answer

True

question

A central premise of the modernization theory is that it shattered the concept of _____________.

answer

veneration of elderly

question

The most recent theoretical approach in the study of aging is termed ________ which considers how the forces of globalization affect policies and programs for the aged and the daily lives of older people.

answer

critical gerontology

question

Sometimes social programs appear to benefit the elderly, but really benefit businesses. This example is presented in the textbook withing the:

answer

Political Economy Approach.

question

Which of the following statements is not a characteristic of the echo boomers?

answer

Members of this cohort were born between 1964 and 1976.

question

The Census Bureau makes a national count of the population every five years.

answer

False

question

More males are born than females.

answer

True

question

In developed countries such as Japan, women can expect to live ___ to __ years longer than men.

answer

six, eight

question

Average life expectancy in Africa in the year 2000 was only __, due in large part to deaths from HIV/AIDS.

answer

46

question

The fastest growing segment of the population is:

answer

oldest old (85 and over).

question

All of the following were factors which contributed to the decline in the fertility rate of women between 1971 and 1980 except:

answer

The environmental movement

question

The leading cause of death in the United States for the 65 and older population is

answer

heart disease

question

All of the following are possible negative consequences of an aging population except:

answer

an aging population will mean less volunteers.

question

_____________ is the study of population processes - fertility, mortality, and migration.

answer

Demography

question

One of the most pressing issues among the aged in the twenty-first century is

answer

healthcare

question

The baby boom was created by an upsurge in fertility during

answer

the post World War II era

question

Jeanne Calment, of France, lived to be

answer

122 years old

question

Life expectancy is the greatest number of years any member of a species has been known to survive.

answer

False

question

Demographers study population characteristics for all of the following reasons except:

answer

to dictate fair funding for specific programs.

question

America has the highest life expectancy in the world.

answer

False

question

The baby boom generation had fewer children than their parent's generation.

answer

True

question

After age 85, the mortality rate for African Americans fall below that of whites.

answer

True

question

Dan Buettner, the author of a book titled ____, has identified longevity hot spots around the world where he examined lifestyles that promote longevity.

answer

Blue Zones

question

The human life span appears to be about __ years.

answer

120

question

The Social Security Act of 1935 was passed to provide retirement benefits to workers at age:

answer

65

question

The term "welfare" as used by social scientists refers to programs that protect people from the risk of loss of income due to:

answer

all of the above

question

Social insurance programs are paid for through:

answer

payroll taxes

question

One reason that SSI (Supplemental Security Income, a means-tested program for the aged, blind, and disabled poor) doesn't adequately protect the poorest elderly is:

answer

many older people are unwilling to undergo a means test, because it is humiliating

question

Medicare contains 4 Parts, A, B, C and D. Part B of Medicare pays for which of the following?

answer

Doctor's office visit

question

The main source of funding for long-term care is Medicare.

answer

False

question

Medicare is available to older persons based on age, not need.

answer

True

question

An example of one of the programs under the Older Americans Act is senior centers.

answer

True

question

To social scientists, the term _______ refers to private and public programs that protect people from the risks of loss of income due to unemployment, disability, divorce, poor health, or retirement.

answer

Welfare

question

One of the services not provided by the Older Americans Act is:

answer

Dental Care

question

The eligibility for Medicaid is based on income and assets.

answer

True

question

In response to concerns that Medicaid was encouraging unnecessary institutionalization since Medicaid is the main financial source for long-term care, ____ was formed to help individuals receive long-term care services such as homemaker services, respite care, meals on wheels, physical therapy and help with chores.

answer

Home and Community-Based Waiver Services Program

question

In most Western nations, including the U.S.A, basic coverage of health care services for the aged is inseparable from health care benefits available to the population as a whole.

answer

True

question

The story about Mr. Thomas, age 86 who suffers from Parkinson's Disease, reveals

answer

that our health care services are not coordinated well with each other.

question

Tax expenditure programs are useful because they are one tool that promotes equality.

answer

False

question

Social insurance programs have, as their main purpose, to:

answer

provide economic security over the life course and prevent people from falling into destitution.

question

In the United States, fiscal welfare is called:

answer

tax expenditures

question

Medicare Part D, the newest part of the Medicare program, pays for all medications prescribed by a physician.

answer

False

question

One distinguishing feature of public assistance programs, such as Medicaid, is that applicants are subject to a means test.

answer

True

question

This is the most widely used service that came from the Older Americans Act:

answer

senior centers

question

Most scientists agree that aging has:

answer

multiple causes

question

The ________ theory notes that as one ages, the collagen loses some of its elasticity and there is a hardening of the arteries of the circulating system.

answer

cross-linkage

question

All of the following are considered to be activities of daily living (ADLs) except:

answer

reading

question

As people age, they are more likely to:

answer

sleep less

question

Older people have more difficulty maintaining normal body temperature in hot weather because they:

answer

have lost fatty tissue

question

The most cited reason for disability in older people is:

answer

arthritis

question

Which of the following theories equates the body to a machine that eventually wears out?

answer

wear and tear

question

Which of the following is not characteristic of the aging heart?

answer

There are no changes in the human heart related to age.

question

In one study of Swedish twins, it found for men, all of the following were risk factors associated with angina except:

answer

obesity

question

Visual disorders such as glaucoma and cataracts are a part of normal aging.

answer

False

question

As seen in the lecture video clip, ____ of all nursing home patients suffer from incontinence.

answer

50%

question

Which type of theory emphasizes aging as a result of random damage?

answer

Environmental

question

Older drivers may pose a risk to themselves and to public safety. The oldest-old (85 and over) are ________ times more likely to die in a crash as are drivers 40 to 49.

answer

10

question

Until recently, a commonly prescribed treatment for menopause was:

answer

Hormone Treatment Therapy

question

Hearing loss has many social consequences. Those consequences specifically mentioned in the textbook in one longitudinal study include all but:

answer

Problems with sex drive

question

The problem with this theory is that it implies that a more active organism should age more quickly, yet the opposite is true in humans.

answer

Wear and Tear Theory

question

As mentioned in your textbook, an 85-year old woman who takes a fall could experience ____ which many times leads to loss of independence and even death.

answer

A hip fracture

question

When a elderly woman falls and has a hip fracture, this could lead to death because ___.

answer

of inactivity that may lead to pneumonia.

question

Women have fewer years of active life expectancy.

answer

True

question

As seen in the video clip, Susan experienced ___, which is caused by a virus after a sinus infection.

answer

anosmia

question

The branch of psychology that studies mental processes is:

answer

cognitive

question

______________ is the most elusive mental process to define and measure.

answer

creativity

question

______________ intelligence is largely uninfluenced by prior learning.

answer

fluid

question

An example of tip-of-their tongue phenomenon is:

answer

inability to remember a friend's name in an introduction.

question

One way to measure changes in learning rates has been through studies of changes in:

answer

eye blink classical conditioning

question

All of the following are reasons why learning rates seem to decline with age except:

answer

older people have less interest in learning.

question

Alzheimer's patients tend to forget:

answer

permanently

question

A _________is a rupture or obstruction of blood vessel to the brain that damages brain tissue.

answer

stroke

question

Which of the following is not a symptom of clinical depression?

answer

loss of speech

question

Enduring dispositions toward thoughts, feelings and behaviors, both inherited and learned, are called:

answer

personality traits

question

The state of compatibility between the individual and the environment that allows a person to maintain a sense of well-being or satisfaction with quality of life is:

answer

coping

question

A stage of memory where information that is learned is placed into memory for later use is called

answer

encoding

question

Long-term memory is relatively stable and declines only slightly with age.

answer

True

question

Short term memory seems to slow down with age.

answer

True

question

Vascular dementia is a reversible dementia caused by a series of strokes that have a cumulative effect.

answer

False

question

An international organization that offers older adults learning options that are based on college campuses and offers tours to educational and historic sites is

answer

Elderhostel

question

Delirium is a reversible dementia that has a more rapid onset than other types of dementia.

answer

True

question

Women of all ages experience more depression than men, and the gender gap increases with age.

answer

True

question

Memory loss that disrupts everyday life is not a normal part of aging.

answer

True

question

Clive Wearing, as seen in the video, _______

answer

has limited memory that lasts seconds.

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