SCC Nursing Fundamentals 141/151/161 Exam 1 – Flashcards

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What are the threads of the SCC Nursing program?
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QSEN Competencies + Professionalism
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What are the QSEN Competencies?
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1. Patient-Centered Care 2. Evidence Based Practice 3. Collaboration/Teamwork 4. Informatics 5. Quality Improvement 6. Safety
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What is Critical Thinking?
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SCC Nursing Definition: Process in which nurses apply the science of nursing through the nursing process. (SCC Nursing Handbook) Alfar-LeFevre Definition: Purposeful, outcome focused thinking that is constantly reevaluating, self-correcting, and striving to improve. (Critical Thinking and Reasoning handout) Richard Paul Definition: Critical thinking is not just thinking, but thinking which entails self-improvement. (Critical Thinking and Reasoning handout)
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What is HIPAA?
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. HIPAA sets the rules and regulations that protect patients confidentiality.
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What should you do if you witness someone providing unsafe care?
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All healthcare professionals are Mandatory Reporters and are therefore REQUIRED by law to report any unsafe practices to their supervisor (instructor). "The safety of patients must at all times be the paramount concern of every individual engaged in health care." (SCC Nursing Handbook)
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What is OSHA and what is its purpose?
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Works to assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, educations and assistance. (www.osha.gov)
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If you are assisting a patient with a meal and they are paralyzed on their right side, what side should you sit on?
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Left side When assisting with a meal, always sit on the unaffected side
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If you are assisting a patient with a meal and they are visually impaired, what method could you use to help them 'visualize' where their food is on the tray?
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Clock position "Your chicken is at 12 o'clock on your plate and your corn is at 5 o'clock."
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If you are assisting a patient with a meal, how full should you fill the eating utensil?
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No more than half full
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What citation and formatting style do we use in the SCC Nursing program?
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APA
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What did people in Ancient times believe caused illness?
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Evil spirits
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What civilization discovered that the pulse was related to the heart?
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Egyptians
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What civilization gaining a greater understanding of anatomy through the embalming process?
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Egyptians
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Where did sick Egyptians go to get medical treatment?
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The temple of the Gods
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What civilization had over 700 medications, used isolation to stop disease, and cataloged over 250 different diseases?
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Egyptians
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What civilization started medical schools and hospitals?
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Greeks
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What factors did the Egyptians discover was important to maintain health?
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Diet, exercise, and cleanliness
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What Greek person first used his senses to assess a patient?
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Hippocrates
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What Greek person hypothesized that oxygen came from the blood and thought came from the brain?
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Galen
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What civilization created the Mosaic Health Code and the 10 commandments?
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Hebrews
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What are the components of the Mosaic Health Code?
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Hygiene, Rest, Nutrition, and Kosher foods
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What did the Hebrew believe caused illness?
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Supernatural causes, but not evil spirits
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What civilization first created a code of ethics?
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Hebrews via the 10 commandments
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What civilization focused on Public Health works?
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Romans -aqueducts, sewers, drainage of marshes and swamps
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What civilization was the first to train nurses systematically and have nurses in the military?
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Romans, lead by aristocrat Paula
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What civilization promoted cleanliness and public baths?
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Romans
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What civilization was the first to build hospitals?
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Christian
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What is Benevolence?
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The desire to do good to others; goodwill; charitableness
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What is altruism?
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The principle or practice of unselfish concern for or devotion to the welfare of others
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In the Christian civilization, who served as nurses?
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Matrons, deaconesses, and widows
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What civilization created the 'Good Samaritan'?
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Christian
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What age signified the beginning of formal organization of nurses?
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The Middle Ages
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During what age did the Bubonic plague occur?
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Dark Ages
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What part of the person was considered most important during the Dark Age?
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The patients soul was more important than bodily comfort.
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Who were the Franciscans and Dominicans?
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Religious orders of brotherhoods and sisterhoods that provided nursing care.
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During what age were men more prominent in nursing due to it being 'improper' for a woman to care for an unrelated man?
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Middle Age
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What religious organization helped create the International Red Cross in 1864?
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Knights of Hospitallers of St. John
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During what age was the Knights of Hospitallers of St. John formed?
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Crusades (Middle Ages)
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During what age were the Microscope and Thermometer invented?
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Renaissance
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What was Leeuwenhoek famous for?
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The discovery of microorganisms
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What was Harvey famous for?
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Publishing the first anatomy textbook, and blood circulation
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During what age did the study of medicine move to the University?
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Renaissance
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During the Renaissance, where were nurses primarily located?
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Religious and Military orders
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What age heralded a negative attitude towards nurses?
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Industrial Revolution
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During what age was there an indifference towards healthcare, poverty, and famine?
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Industrial Revolution
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During the Industrial Revolution, what did the general population think about nurses?
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Nurses were from the lowest social strata, thought to be alcoholics, and not a respected profession.
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What two religious organizations during the Industrial Revolution provided nurse training programs and cared for the poor?
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1. Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul 2. Brothers of St. John
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Throughout the Ages, what two organizations helped create and form the Nursing profession into what it is today?
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The Military and Religious orders
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Who was the "lady with the lamp" and why was she called that?
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Florence Nightingale; she would check on the soldiers in the middle of the night carrying a lamp
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Why is Florence Nightingale so important in nursing history?
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1. Transformed the nursing profession back into a respected position. 2. Pioneered ideas that would influence the nature of modern healthcare, such as isolation and hand washing 3. Created the Environmental theory of nursing
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What was Florence Nightingales' famous book?
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Notes on Nursing: What it Is and What it Is Not
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Who created the first professional nursing school and what was it called?
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Florence Nightingale; Nightingale Training School in London
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What was Florence Nightingale's definition of nursing?
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Provide a safe and caring environment to contribute to the patients recovery
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Who was the 1st nursing epidemiologist?
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Florence Nightingale
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Who founded the American Red Cross in 1881?
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Clara Barton
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Who was a major advocate for mental health that lead to the building of 32 mental institutions in the US? This person also served as the superintendent of nurses during the Civil War.
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Dorothea Dix
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Who provided nursing care to black soldiers and slaves, was a spy during the Civil War, and was very active in the Underground Railroad?
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Harriet Tubman
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Who was an advocate for legislation to control nursing practice?
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Lavina Dock
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Who was the first professor of nursing?
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Mary Adelaide Nutting
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Who was responsible for the creation of community college nursing education?
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Mildred Montag
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Who was the "champion of the urban poor"?
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Lillian Wald
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Who opened the first birth control clinic in 1916?
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Margaret Sanger
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Who was an advocate for gender and racial diversity in nursing?
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Luther Christman
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Who was the first professionally trained American nurse?
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Linda Richards
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Who worked with Indian Health Service to stop abuses in Indian the Health system?
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Susie Walking Bear Yellowtail
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Who was a major nursing theorist and educator on level with Florence Nightingale? This person was also a major advocate for Patient-Centered Care.
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Virginia Henderson
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Who was the foremost authority throughout the world in the field of cultural care?
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Madeleine Leininger
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Who was the first president of the ANA and founder of the American Journal of Nursing?
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Isabel Hampton-Robb
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Who was the first black nurse to graduate in the US?
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Mary Mahoney
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Who created the 5 C's of caring theory?
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Kristen Swanson
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What is the Domain of nursing and what does it describe?
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The domain of nursing provides a practical and theoretical aspect of the discipline. It is the knowledge of nursing practice as well as history, theory, education, and research.
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What are the four aspects of the nursing paradigm and what do they mean?
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1. Person: recipient of nursing care 2. Health: has different meaning for each patient, setting, and health care profession. It's your job to determine what's appropriate 3. Environment/Situation: all possible conditions affecting the patient and settings in which the healthcare occurs 4. Nursing: diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems
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According to the ANA, what is the definition of nursing?
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To improve health and well-being using standard-based practice.
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Define nursing theory.
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A conceptualization of some aspect of nursing that describes, explains, predicts, or prescribes nursing care.
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What are the 4 components of a nursing theory?
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1. Phenomenon: term, description, or label given to describe an idea or responses about an event, situation, process, group of events, or a group of situations. 2. Concept: simple or complex and related to an object or event that comes from individual perceptual experiences 3. Definition: communicate the general meaning of the concepts 4. Assumptions: statements that explain the nature of the concepts, definitions, purpose, relationships, and structure of a theory.
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What is the major criteria for distinguishing normal aging from abnormal aging?
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Universality
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What is the "wear and tear" theory of aging?
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Suggests that with use the body eventually wears out
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What is the autoimmune theory of aging?
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Over time the body's immune system becomes defective and can no longer recognize and attack foreign invaders
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What do the 'cross-linkage' and 'free radical' theories of aging suggest?
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The body accumulates cross-linking compounds or gathers byproducts (free radicals) that eventually impede cell function
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Why has it been suggested that DNA has a 'genetic clock'?
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Cells of older people replicate fewer times than cells of younger people
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What characterizes a Novice nurse?
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Beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of experience. This nurse learns via rules that are stepwise and linear.
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What characterizes an Advanced Beginner nurse?
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A nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation. Experience may only be observational.
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What characterizes a Competent nurse?
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A nurse who had been in the same clinical setting for 2-3 years. Understands specific care required for this type of patient. Can anticipate care and establish long-term goals.
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What characterizes a Proficient nurse?
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More than 2-3 years experience in the same clinical position. Able to assess the entire situation and pull from multiple previous experiences. Focuses on managing care verses managing skills.
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What characterizes an Expert nurse?
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A nurse with diverse experience who has an intuitive grasp of a clinical problem. Focuses on multiple dimensions of a situation. Skilled at identifying both patient-centered problems and health system problems. Can see and anticipate needs of the novice nurse.
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What are the standards of Nursing Practice (Nursing Process)?
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1. Assessment 2. Diagnosis 3. Outcomes 4. Planning 5. Implementation 6. Evaluation
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What is a code of ethics?
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The philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principles you will use to provide care to your patients
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What is a patient advocate?
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Someone who protects the patient's human and legal rights and provides assistance in asserting those rights if the need arises
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What organization sets the Scope and Standards of Practice for Nurses?
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The American Nurse Association (ANA)
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What are Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)?
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They regulate the scope of nursing practice and protect the public health, safety, and wefare
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What are the types of nursing knowledge?
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Science, aesthetics, ethics, and personal knowledge
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What is the IMO and what do they call for?
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Institute of Medicine; healthcare that is safe, effective, patient centered, timely, efficient, and equitable. They created QSEN.
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What is Medicare?
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Federal health insurance program for people who are at least 65 years old
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What is Medicaid?
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Federal health insurance plan for low-income families and people with disabilities
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What is Primary Care?
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Focuses on improved health outcomes for an entire population. Ex: Prenatal, Well-Baby, Nutrition counseling, family planning, exercise classes, etc.
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What is Preventive care?
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Blood pressure monitoring, cancer screening, immunizations, counseling, community legislation like seat belts, air bags, and helmets
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What is Secondary Care?
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Acute Inpatient care: Emergency Room, Acute med-surg, Xrays, CT, MRI, etc.
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What is Tertiary Care?
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ICU and Subacute care
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What is Restorative Care?
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Rehabilitation. Goal is to help individuals regain maximal functional status and enhance quality of life through promotion of independence and selfcare
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What is Continuing Care or LTC?
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For people who are disabled, who never functioned independently, or who suffer for terminal disease
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What are some types of Restorative Care?
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Home Health, Rehab, Extended care facilities
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What are some types of Continuing or Long Term Care?
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Nursing Center, Assisted Living, Respite, Adult Day Care, and Hospice
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What is OBRA and what did it do?
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Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act. Set standards for CNA training, gave LTC patients certain rights, added LTC ombudsman, provided for health promotion, and created Adult Protective Services
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What is MDS?
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Minimum Data Set Patient history and assessment
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What organization came up with QSEN?
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Institute of Medicine (IOM)
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What are the 8 dimensions of Patient-Centered Care?
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1. Respect Values, Preferences, and Expressed Needs 2. Coordination and Integration of Care 3. Information, Communication, and Education 4. Physical Comfort 5. Emotional Support and Relief of Fear and Anxiety 6. Involvement of Family and Friends 7. Transition and Continuity 8. Access to Care
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What are some Nursing Quality indicators?
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Falls, injuries, pressure sores, staff mix, job satisfaction, RN education, Pain assessment, psychiatric assault rate, restraints, turnover of RN, hospital acquired infections
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What rights do LTC residents have?
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Safe and adequate care Information on LTC agency Participate in and determine their plan of care Freedom from abuse and restraints Notice of transfer of discharge Privacy and Respect Freely associate and communicate privately Maintain personal possessions Not be required to work Protection against financial discrimination Notification of change in facility owenership
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Does Medicare or Medicaid help cover LTC costs?
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Medicaid
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Between Medicare and Medicaid, which one is federally run and which one is run by the state?
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Medicare is federal Medicaid is state
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What is health?
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State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being; not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
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What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
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Physiological, Safety, Love, Self-esteem, Self-actualization
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What are the top 3 causes of death in the US?
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Heart disease, Cancer, Stroke
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What is an acute illness?
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Usually reversible, has a short duration, and is often severe
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What is a chronic illness?
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Usually longer than 6 months, is irreversible, and affects functioning in one or more systems
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What is caring?
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Universal phenomenon influencing the ways in which people think, feel, and behave in relation to one another
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What is transformative caring?
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Relationship that influences both the nurse and the patient for better or for worse
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What are 5 aspects of caring?
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Knowing, Being with, Doing for, Enabling, and Maintaining belief
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What does providing presence mean?
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Person to person encounter conveying a closeness and sense of caring
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What are some Nurse Caring Behaviors?
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Being honest Advocating for Patient preferences Giving clear explanations Keeping family informed Asking permission before doing something to patient Providing comfort Providing privacy Assurance Helping patient to be as independent as possible Teaching family how to keep patient comfortable
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What are the Standards of Care?
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Legal requirements for nursing practice that describe minimum acceptable nursing care
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What is ageism?
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Discrimination based on age
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According to Erickson, what stage is the older adult in?
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Integrity vs. Despair
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When transferring a patient, what is the first step a nurse takes?
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Assessment
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How often should compression stockings be changed?
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At least once per shift
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