SCC Nursing Fundamentals 141/151/161 Exam 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What are the threads of the SCC Nursing program?
answer
QSEN Competencies + Professionalism
question
What are the QSEN Competencies?
answer
1. Patient-Centered Care 2. Evidence Based Practice 3. Collaboration/Teamwork 4. Informatics 5. Quality Improvement 6. Safety
question
What is Critical Thinking?
answer
SCC Nursing Definition: Process in which nurses apply the science of nursing through the nursing process. (SCC Nursing Handbook) Alfar-LeFevre Definition: Purposeful, outcome focused thinking that is constantly reevaluating, self-correcting, and striving to improve. (Critical Thinking and Reasoning handout) Richard Paul Definition: Critical thinking is not just thinking, but thinking which entails self-improvement. (Critical Thinking and Reasoning handout)
question
What is HIPAA?
answer
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. HIPAA sets the rules and regulations that protect patients confidentiality.
question
What should you do if you witness someone providing unsafe care?
answer
All healthcare professionals are Mandatory Reporters and are therefore REQUIRED by law to report any unsafe practices to their supervisor (instructor). "The safety of patients must at all times be the paramount concern of every individual engaged in health care." (SCC Nursing Handbook)
question
What is OSHA and what is its purpose?
answer
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Works to assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, educations and assistance. (www.osha.gov)
question
If you are assisting a patient with a meal and they are paralyzed on their right side, what side should you sit on?
answer
Left side When assisting with a meal, always sit on the unaffected side
question
If you are assisting a patient with a meal and they are visually impaired, what method could you use to help them 'visualize' where their food is on the tray?
answer
Clock position "Your chicken is at 12 o'clock on your plate and your corn is at 5 o'clock."
question
If you are assisting a patient with a meal, how full should you fill the eating utensil?
answer
No more than half full
question
What citation and formatting style do we use in the SCC Nursing program?
answer
APA
question
What did people in Ancient times believe caused illness?
answer
Evil spirits
question
What civilization discovered that the pulse was related to the heart?
answer
Egyptians
question
What civilization gaining a greater understanding of anatomy through the embalming process?
answer
Egyptians
question
Where did sick Egyptians go to get medical treatment?
answer
The temple of the Gods
question
What civilization had over 700 medications, used isolation to stop disease, and cataloged over 250 different diseases?
answer
Egyptians
question
What civilization started medical schools and hospitals?
answer
Greeks
question
What factors did the Egyptians discover was important to maintain health?
answer
Diet, exercise, and cleanliness
question
What Greek person first used his senses to assess a patient?
answer
Hippocrates
question
What Greek person hypothesized that oxygen came from the blood and thought came from the brain?
answer
Galen
question
What civilization created the Mosaic Health Code and the 10 commandments?
answer
Hebrews
question
What are the components of the Mosaic Health Code?
answer
Hygiene, Rest, Nutrition, and Kosher foods
question
What did the Hebrew believe caused illness?
answer
Supernatural causes, but not evil spirits
question
What civilization first created a code of ethics?
answer
Hebrews via the 10 commandments
question
What civilization focused on Public Health works?
answer
Romans -aqueducts, sewers, drainage of marshes and swamps
question
What civilization was the first to train nurses systematically and have nurses in the military?
answer
Romans, lead by aristocrat Paula
question
What civilization promoted cleanliness and public baths?
answer
Romans
question
What civilization was the first to build hospitals?
answer
Christian
question
What is Benevolence?
answer
The desire to do good to others; goodwill; charitableness
question
What is altruism?
answer
The principle or practice of unselfish concern for or devotion to the welfare of others
question
In the Christian civilization, who served as nurses?
answer
Matrons, deaconesses, and widows
question
What civilization created the 'Good Samaritan'?
answer
Christian
question
What age signified the beginning of formal organization of nurses?
answer
The Middle Ages
question
During what age did the Bubonic plague occur?
answer
Dark Ages
question
What part of the person was considered most important during the Dark Age?
answer
The patients soul was more important than bodily comfort.
question
Who were the Franciscans and Dominicans?
answer
Religious orders of brotherhoods and sisterhoods that provided nursing care.
question
During what age were men more prominent in nursing due to it being 'improper' for a woman to care for an unrelated man?
answer
Middle Age
question
What religious organization helped create the International Red Cross in 1864?
answer
Knights of Hospitallers of St. John
question
During what age was the Knights of Hospitallers of St. John formed?
answer
Crusades (Middle Ages)
question
During what age were the Microscope and Thermometer invented?
answer
Renaissance
question
What was Leeuwenhoek famous for?
answer
The discovery of microorganisms
question
What was Harvey famous for?
answer
Publishing the first anatomy textbook, and blood circulation
question
During what age did the study of medicine move to the University?
answer
Renaissance
question
During the Renaissance, where were nurses primarily located?
answer
Religious and Military orders
question
What age heralded a negative attitude towards nurses?
answer
Industrial Revolution
question
During what age was there an indifference towards healthcare, poverty, and famine?
answer
Industrial Revolution
question
During the Industrial Revolution, what did the general population think about nurses?
answer
Nurses were from the lowest social strata, thought to be alcoholics, and not a respected profession.
question
What two religious organizations during the Industrial Revolution provided nurse training programs and cared for the poor?
answer
1. Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul 2. Brothers of St. John
question
Throughout the Ages, what two organizations helped create and form the Nursing profession into what it is today?
answer
The Military and Religious orders
question
Who was the "lady with the lamp" and why was she called that?
answer
Florence Nightingale; she would check on the soldiers in the middle of the night carrying a lamp
question
Why is Florence Nightingale so important in nursing history?
answer
1. Transformed the nursing profession back into a respected position. 2. Pioneered ideas that would influence the nature of modern healthcare, such as isolation and hand washing 3. Created the Environmental theory of nursing
question
What was Florence Nightingales' famous book?
answer
Notes on Nursing: What it Is and What it Is Not
question
Who created the first professional nursing school and what was it called?
answer
Florence Nightingale; Nightingale Training School in London
question
What was Florence Nightingale's definition of nursing?
answer
Provide a safe and caring environment to contribute to the patients recovery
question
Who was the 1st nursing epidemiologist?
answer
Florence Nightingale
question
Who founded the American Red Cross in 1881?
answer
Clara Barton
question
Who was a major advocate for mental health that lead to the building of 32 mental institutions in the US? This person also served as the superintendent of nurses during the Civil War.
answer
Dorothea Dix
question
Who provided nursing care to black soldiers and slaves, was a spy during the Civil War, and was very active in the Underground Railroad?
answer
Harriet Tubman
question
Who was an advocate for legislation to control nursing practice?
answer
Lavina Dock
question
Who was the first professor of nursing?
answer
Mary Adelaide Nutting
question
Who was responsible for the creation of community college nursing education?
answer
Mildred Montag
question
Who was the "champion of the urban poor"?
answer
Lillian Wald
question
Who opened the first birth control clinic in 1916?
answer
Margaret Sanger
question
Who was an advocate for gender and racial diversity in nursing?
answer
Luther Christman
question
Who was the first professionally trained American nurse?
answer
Linda Richards
question
Who worked with Indian Health Service to stop abuses in Indian the Health system?
answer
Susie Walking Bear Yellowtail
question
Who was a major nursing theorist and educator on level with Florence Nightingale? This person was also a major advocate for Patient-Centered Care.
answer
Virginia Henderson
question
Who was the foremost authority throughout the world in the field of cultural care?
answer
Madeleine Leininger
question
Who was the first president of the ANA and founder of the American Journal of Nursing?
answer
Isabel Hampton-Robb
question
Who was the first black nurse to graduate in the US?
answer
Mary Mahoney
question
Who created the 5 C's of caring theory?
answer
Kristen Swanson
question
What is the Domain of nursing and what does it describe?
answer
The domain of nursing provides a practical and theoretical aspect of the discipline. It is the knowledge of nursing practice as well as history, theory, education, and research.
question
What are the four aspects of the nursing paradigm and what do they mean?
answer
1. Person: recipient of nursing care 2. Health: has different meaning for each patient, setting, and health care profession. It's your job to determine what's appropriate 3. Environment/Situation: all possible conditions affecting the patient and settings in which the healthcare occurs 4. Nursing: diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems
question
According to the ANA, what is the definition of nursing?
answer
To improve health and well-being using standard-based practice.
question
Define nursing theory.
answer
A conceptualization of some aspect of nursing that describes, explains, predicts, or prescribes nursing care.
question
What are the 4 components of a nursing theory?
answer
1. Phenomenon: term, description, or label given to describe an idea or responses about an event, situation, process, group of events, or a group of situations. 2. Concept: simple or complex and related to an object or event that comes from individual perceptual experiences 3. Definition: communicate the general meaning of the concepts 4. Assumptions: statements that explain the nature of the concepts, definitions, purpose, relationships, and structure of a theory.
question
What is the major criteria for distinguishing normal aging from abnormal aging?
answer
Universality
question
What is the "wear and tear" theory of aging?
answer
Suggests that with use the body eventually wears out
question
What is the autoimmune theory of aging?
answer
Over time the body's immune system becomes defective and can no longer recognize and attack foreign invaders
question
What do the 'cross-linkage' and 'free radical' theories of aging suggest?
answer
The body accumulates cross-linking compounds or gathers byproducts (free radicals) that eventually impede cell function
question
Why has it been suggested that DNA has a 'genetic clock'?
answer
Cells of older people replicate fewer times than cells of younger people
question
What characterizes a Novice nurse?
answer
Beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of experience. This nurse learns via rules that are stepwise and linear.
question
What characterizes an Advanced Beginner nurse?
answer
A nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation. Experience may only be observational.
question
What characterizes a Competent nurse?
answer
A nurse who had been in the same clinical setting for 2-3 years. Understands specific care required for this type of patient. Can anticipate care and establish long-term goals.
question
What characterizes a Proficient nurse?
answer
More than 2-3 years experience in the same clinical position. Able to assess the entire situation and pull from multiple previous experiences. Focuses on managing care verses managing skills.
question
What characterizes an Expert nurse?
answer
A nurse with diverse experience who has an intuitive grasp of a clinical problem. Focuses on multiple dimensions of a situation. Skilled at identifying both patient-centered problems and health system problems. Can see and anticipate needs of the novice nurse.
question
What are the standards of Nursing Practice (Nursing Process)?
answer
1. Assessment 2. Diagnosis 3. Outcomes 4. Planning 5. Implementation 6. Evaluation
question
What is a code of ethics?
answer
The philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principles you will use to provide care to your patients
question
What is a patient advocate?
answer
Someone who protects the patient's human and legal rights and provides assistance in asserting those rights if the need arises
question
What organization sets the Scope and Standards of Practice for Nurses?
answer
The American Nurse Association (ANA)
question
What are Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)?
answer
They regulate the scope of nursing practice and protect the public health, safety, and wefare
question
What are the types of nursing knowledge?
answer
Science, aesthetics, ethics, and personal knowledge
question
What is the IMO and what do they call for?
answer
Institute of Medicine; healthcare that is safe, effective, patient centered, timely, efficient, and equitable. They created QSEN.
question
What is Medicare?
answer
Federal health insurance program for people who are at least 65 years old
question
What is Medicaid?
answer
Federal health insurance plan for low-income families and people with disabilities
question
What is Primary Care?
answer
Focuses on improved health outcomes for an entire population. Ex: Prenatal, Well-Baby, Nutrition counseling, family planning, exercise classes, etc.
question
What is Preventive care?
answer
Blood pressure monitoring, cancer screening, immunizations, counseling, community legislation like seat belts, air bags, and helmets
question
What is Secondary Care?
answer
Acute Inpatient care: Emergency Room, Acute med-surg, Xrays, CT, MRI, etc.
question
What is Tertiary Care?
answer
ICU and Subacute care
question
What is Restorative Care?
answer
Rehabilitation. Goal is to help individuals regain maximal functional status and enhance quality of life through promotion of independence and selfcare
question
What is Continuing Care or LTC?
answer
For people who are disabled, who never functioned independently, or who suffer for terminal disease
question
What are some types of Restorative Care?
answer
Home Health, Rehab, Extended care facilities
question
What are some types of Continuing or Long Term Care?
answer
Nursing Center, Assisted Living, Respite, Adult Day Care, and Hospice
question
What is OBRA and what did it do?
answer
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act. Set standards for CNA training, gave LTC patients certain rights, added LTC ombudsman, provided for health promotion, and created Adult Protective Services
question
What is MDS?
answer
Minimum Data Set Patient history and assessment
question
What organization came up with QSEN?
answer
Institute of Medicine (IOM)
question
What are the 8 dimensions of Patient-Centered Care?
answer
1. Respect Values, Preferences, and Expressed Needs 2. Coordination and Integration of Care 3. Information, Communication, and Education 4. Physical Comfort 5. Emotional Support and Relief of Fear and Anxiety 6. Involvement of Family and Friends 7. Transition and Continuity 8. Access to Care
question
What are some Nursing Quality indicators?
answer
Falls, injuries, pressure sores, staff mix, job satisfaction, RN education, Pain assessment, psychiatric assault rate, restraints, turnover of RN, hospital acquired infections
question
What rights do LTC residents have?
answer
Safe and adequate care Information on LTC agency Participate in and determine their plan of care Freedom from abuse and restraints Notice of transfer of discharge Privacy and Respect Freely associate and communicate privately Maintain personal possessions Not be required to work Protection against financial discrimination Notification of change in facility owenership
question
Does Medicare or Medicaid help cover LTC costs?
answer
Medicaid
question
Between Medicare and Medicaid, which one is federally run and which one is run by the state?
answer
Medicare is federal Medicaid is state
question
What is health?
answer
State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being; not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
question
What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
answer
Physiological, Safety, Love, Self-esteem, Self-actualization
question
What are the top 3 causes of death in the US?
answer
Heart disease, Cancer, Stroke
question
What is an acute illness?
answer
Usually reversible, has a short duration, and is often severe
question
What is a chronic illness?
answer
Usually longer than 6 months, is irreversible, and affects functioning in one or more systems
question
What is caring?
answer
Universal phenomenon influencing the ways in which people think, feel, and behave in relation to one another
question
What is transformative caring?
answer
Relationship that influences both the nurse and the patient for better or for worse
question
What are 5 aspects of caring?
answer
Knowing, Being with, Doing for, Enabling, and Maintaining belief
question
What does providing presence mean?
answer
Person to person encounter conveying a closeness and sense of caring
question
What are some Nurse Caring Behaviors?
answer
Being honest Advocating for Patient preferences Giving clear explanations Keeping family informed Asking permission before doing something to patient Providing comfort Providing privacy Assurance Helping patient to be as independent as possible Teaching family how to keep patient comfortable
question
What are the Standards of Care?
answer
Legal requirements for nursing practice that describe minimum acceptable nursing care
question
What is ageism?
answer
Discrimination based on age
question
According to Erickson, what stage is the older adult in?
answer
Integrity vs. Despair
question
When transferring a patient, what is the first step a nurse takes?
answer
Assessment
question
How often should compression stockings be changed?
answer
At least once per shift
