question

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? A. It helps control the pH of body fluids. B. It promotes the flow of lymph and venous blood. C. It helps regulate blood pressure. D. It assists in the synthesis of vasodilators. E. It helps with defecation.

answer

It assists in the synthesis of vasodilators.

question

The upper respiratory tract extends A. from the nose through the trachea. B. from the nose through the pharynx. C. from the nose through the larynx. D. from the nose through the alveoli. E. from the nose through the lungs.

answer

from the nose through the larynx

question

3. The nose is divided into right and left halves termed the A. nasal cavities. B. nasal fossae. C. nasal septa. D. nasal vestibules. E. nasal apertures.

answer

nasal fossae.

question

Which two ligaments extend from the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages? A. vestibular and vocal ligaments B. laryngeal and corniculate C. corniculate and cricoid D. cricoids and arytenoids E. thyrohyoid and cricoids

answer

vestibular and vocal ligaments

question

The most numerous cells in the lungs are called A. mucosal cells. B. type I alveolar cells. C. type II alveolar cells. D. dust cells. E. vibrissae.

answer

dust cells.

question

Each alveolus is surrounded by a basket of blood capillaries supplied by A. the aorta. B. the pulmonary artery. C. the pulmonary vein. D. the inferior vena cava. E. the superior vena cava.

answer

the pulmonary artery.

question

Which of the following does not have cilia? A. the nasal cavity B. the trachea C. the bronchi D. terminal bronchioles E. respiratory bronchioles

answer

respiratory bronchioles

question

What is the basic distinction between an alveolar duct and an alveolar atrium? A. their shape B. their size C. their function D. their epithelial type E. presence or absence of cilia

answer

their shape

question

10. Although the heart is not included in this illustration, its apex would lie at point A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 7. E. 9.

answer

7

question

Structure 2 is the A. thyroid cartilage. B. corniculate cartilage. C. cricoid cartilage. D. first tracheal cartilage. E. vocal ligament.

answer

cricoid cartilage.

question

Crude sounds are formed into intelligible speech by all of the following except A. the pharynx. B. the epiglottis. C. the oral cavity. D. the tongue. E. the lips.

answer

the epiglottis.

question

Which of the following cartilages is largest? A. the corniculate cartilage B. the epiglottic cartilage C. the thyroid cartilage D. the cricoid cartilage E. the arytenoid cartilage

answer

the thyroid cartilage

question

Output from higher brain centers can bypass both the DRG and VRG and go directly to _____, which controls the accessory muscles of respiration.

answer

F

question

Which issues output to the VRG to adjust the respiratory rhythm?

answer

C

question

This center bears the primary responsibility for generating the respiratory rhythm, but is influenced by several other centers.

answer

D

question

Emotional states are integrated by ___, which generates an output that creates such respiratory variations as laughing and crying.

answer

B

question

The pH of the cerebrospinal fluid is monitored by which of these brainstem centers?

answer

E

question

____ states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases. A. Boyle's law B. Valsalva's law C. Dalton's law D. Charles's law E. Henry's law

answer

Dalton's law

question

In a healthy person, which of the following will have the greatest influence on resistance to pulmonary airflow? A. atmospheric pressure B. respiratory rate C. bronchiole diameter D. quantity of surfactant E. the diaphragm

answer

bronchiole diameter

question

The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort is called A. vital capacity. B. inspiratory reserve volume. C. expiratory reserve volume. D. residual volume. E. inspiratory capacity.

answer

inspiratory reserve volume.

question

Vital capacity consists of A. inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory volume. B. inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume. C. expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume. D. expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume. E. respiratory volume + tidal volume.

answer

expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume.

question

Deep, rapid breathing often seen in terminal diabetes mellitus is known as what? A. tachypnea B. dyspnea C. orthopnea D. hyperpnea E. Kussmaul respiration

answer

Kussmaul respiration

question

Carbon dioxide is transported by all the following means except A. carbaminohemoglobin. B. carbonic acid. C. carbonate. D. bicarbonate ions. E. dissolved gas.

answer

carbonate.

question

Tom is in respiratory arrest due to an electrical shock. Why does a Good Samaritan have up to 4 or 5 minutes to begin CPR and save Tom's life? A. reserve oxygen in Tom's lungs B. a venous reserve of oxygen in Tom's blood C. the ambient Po2 can support life that long D. the Haldane effect lasts up to 5 minute E. Tom's hypoxic drive will keep him alive for up to 5 minutes

answer

a venous reserve of oxygen in Tom's blood

question

During exercise, which of the following directly increases respiratory rate? A. increased H+ level in the blood B. the Bohr effect C. reduced blood pH D. reduced oxyhemoglobin E. anticipation of the needs of exercising muscle

answer

anticipation of the needs of exercising muscle

question

Which of the following would slow down gas exchange between the blood and alveolar air? A. an increase in membrane thickness B. an increase in alveolar surface area C. an increase in respiratory rate D. a decrease in membrane thickness E. a decrease in nitrogen solubility

answer

an increase in membrane thickness

question

The addition of CO2 to the blood generates ___ ions in the RBCs, which in turn stimulates RBCs to unload more oxygen. A. sodium B. potassium C. nitrogen D. hydrogen E. chloride

answer

hydrogen

question

Which of the following has no effect on oxyhemoglobin dissociation? A. epinephrine B. fever C. thyroid hormone D. low pH E. erythrocyte count

answer

erythrocyte count

question

Which has the highest concentration in the air we breathe? A. oxygen B. water vapor C. nitrogen D. carbon dioxide E. hydrogen

answer

nitrogen

question

Each hemoglobin molecule can transport up to _____ oxygen molecules. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5

answer

4

question

Normally the systemic arterial blood has a Po2 of _____ mm Hg, a Pco2 of _____ mm Hg, and a pH of _____. A. 40; 95; 7.4 B. 95; 40; 7.4 C. 7.4; 40; 95 D. 95; 7.4; 40 E. 40; 7.4; 95

answer

95; 40; 7.4

question

Which of the following enzymes in an RBC breaks H2CO3 down to water and carbon dioxide? A. hemoglobin B. carboxyhemoglobin C. carbonic anhydrase D. bisphosphoglycerate E. carbaminoreductase

answer

carbonic anhydrase

question

In one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries, the blood gives up about what percentage of its oxygen? A. 5% to 10% B. 10% to 15% C. 20% to 25% D. 30% to 40% E. 70% to 85%

answer

20% to 25%

question

Which of the following is the term for a deficiency of oxygen or the inability to utilize oxygen in a tissue? A. apoxia B. hypoxia C. anoxia D. cyanosis E. eupnea

answer

hypoxia

question

Congestive heart failure results in which of the following? A. hypoxemic hypoxia B. ischemic hypoxia C. anemic hypoxia D. histotoxic hypoxia E. idiopathic hypoxia

answer

ischemic hypoxia

question

___ is a lung disease marked by a reduced number of cilia, reduced motility of the remaining cilia, goblet cell hypertrophy and hypersecretion, and thick sputum. A. Asthma B. Oat-cell carcinoma C. Atelectasis D. Chronic bronchitis E. Emphysema

answer

Chronic bronchitis

question

Which of the following would lead to anemic hypoxia? A. sickle-cell disease B. emphysema C. squamous-cell carcinoma D. asthma E. atelectasis

answer

sickle-cell disease

question

A lung disease marked by abnormally few but large alveoli is A. cor pulmonale. B. pulmonary hemosiderosis. C. emphysema. D. atelectasis. E. collapsed lung.

answer

emphysema.

question

In ___, the lungs are infected with Mycobacterium and produce fibrous nodules around the bacteria, leading to progressive pulmonary fibrosis. A. pneumonia B. dyspnea C. pneumothorax D. tuberculosis E. rhinitis

answer

tuberculosis

question

Which malignancy originates in the lamina propria of the bronchi? A. squamous-cell carcinoma B. oat-cell carcinoma C. adenocarcinoma D. pulmonary edema E. cor pulmonale

answer

adenocarcinoma

question

Polio can sometimes damage the brainstem respiratory centers and result in A. a Bohr effect. B. adult respiratory distress syndrome. C. pneumothorax. D. atelectasis. E. Ondine's curse.

answer

Ondine's curse.

question

Which of these is most likely to result from contact between contaminated fingers and the nasal mucosa? A. apnea B. adult respiratory distress syndrome C. acute bronchitis D. acute rhinitis E. asthma

answer

acute rhinitis

question

Scuba divers breathe a nitrogen-oxygen mixture rather than pure compressed oxygen in order to avoid A. the bends. B. oxygen toxicity. C. rapture of the deep. D. caisson disease. E. hypoxemic hypoxia.

answer

oxygen toxicity.

question

Nitrogen bubbles can form in the blood and other tissues when a scuba diver ascends too rapidly, producing a syndrome called A. decompression sickness. B. hyperbaric disease. C. cerebral embolism. D. pulmonary barotrauma. E. pulmonary edema.

answer

cerebral embolism.

question

The vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves carry afferent signals from peripheral chemoreceptors to a chemosensitive area in A. the pontine respiratory group. B. the dorsal respiratory group. C. the ventral respiratory group. D. the medulla oblongata. E. the pons.

answer

the pons.

question

Mucus plays an important role in cleansing inhaled air. It is produced by ___ of the respiratory tract. A. squamous alveolar cells B. great alveolar cells C. the pleurae D. ciliated cells E. goblet cells

answer

goblet cells

question

The blood transports more CO2 in the form of ___ than in any other form. A. carbaminohemoglobin B. carboxyhemoglobin C. bicarbonate ions D. dissolved CO2 gas E. bisphosphocarbonate

answer

bicarbonate ions

question

Among its other purposes, the Valsalva maneuver is used A. to aid in defecation and urination. B. as part of the procedure for giving CPR to a person in respiratory arrest. C. to ventilate the lungs during eupnea. D. to expel more than the usual tidal volume from the lungs E. to clear carbon monoxide from the body and replace it with oxygen.

answer

to aid in defecation and urination.

question

Blood banks dispose of blood that has low levels of bisphosphoglycerate. What would be the probable reason for doing so? A. A low BPG level causes acidosis of blood. B. Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload CO2 very well. C. Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload O2 very well. D. Erythrocytes low in BPG do not load O2 very well. E. A decline in BPG level is accompanied by a decline in hemoglobin level.

answer

Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload O2 very well.

question

Your breathing rate is 12 breaths/minute; your tidal volume is 500 mL; your vital capacity is 4700 mL; and your dead air space is 150 mL. Your alveolar ventilation rate is _____ mL/min. A. 2,400 B. 3,600 C. 4,200 D. 5,600 E. 6,400

answer

4,200

question

Your breathing rate is 14 breaths/minute; spirometric measurements reveal your tidal volume is 500 mL; your inspiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL; and your expiratory reserve volume is 1,200 mL. Your vital capacity is ______ mL. A. 2,400 B. 3,000 C. 3,800 D. 4,700 E. 5,800

answer

4,700

question

The maximum amount of air the lungs can contain is known as inspiratory capacity. True False

answer

False

question

Respiratory arrest is an irreversible condition. True False

answer

False

question

The pleurae and pleural fluid help prevent the spread of pulmonary infection to the pericardium. True False

answer

True

question

Breathing is controlled solely by the medulla oblongata and pons. True False

answer

False

question

The rate of oxygen diffusion is affected by the pressure gradient of carbon dioxide. True False

answer

False

question

Gas transport is the process of carrying gases from the alveoli to the systemic tissues and vice versa. True False

answer

True

question

Carbon monoxide competes with oxygen for the same binding site. True False

answer

True

question

According to the Bohr effect, a low level of oxyhemoglobin enables the blood to transport more CO2. True False

answer

False

question

Erythrocytes do not carry out aerobic respiration; thus, they do not consume any of the oxygen they are transporting. True False

answer

True

question

Hemoglobin releases the same amount of oxygen to all the tissues regardless of variations in their metabolic rate. True False

answer

False

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