Reading - Flashcard | StudyHippo.com

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How many phonemes are in the English language?

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44-48

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True or False: With the emerging new literacies, children will need to focus on accessing and synthesizing information from a variety of sources as well as determining the accuracy, relevance, and authenticity of those sources.

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True

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True or False: A technique to support the development of the pragmatic system is to introduce word vocabulary using items such as synonyms, antonyms, and homonyms.

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False

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Which of the following influences the decoding process of reading -prior knowledge -language proficiency -prior experiences -writing level

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prior knowledge language proficiency prior experiences

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True or False: Encouraging readers to track while they read is important because it fosters awareness of printed text as well as understanding grammatical phrases.

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True

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The use of the prefix re to make do into redo is an example of

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morpheme

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True or False: A primary concern of using the new standards of the Common Core State Standards initiatives is that children will be able to learn reading at their own pace which will cause a higher differential between struggling readers and achieving readers.

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False

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True or False: Creating questions that have a single right answer is a good way to develop students' ability to construct meaning out of the reading process.

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False

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True or False: Transactional, holistic approaches to teaching reading tend to use quality children's literature more than basals.

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True

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Which word describes the sound found in the English language?

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Phonemes

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What term describes the visual and aural feature of words?

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Graphophonic Information

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True or False: What readers bring to the reading process in terms of prior knowledge of content, structure, and vocabulary determines how well they will be able to derive a rich meaning from text.

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True

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Thinking about your own thinking processes is known as

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metacognition

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True or False: Social interactions, reading allowed, and conversation by adults help support children's literacy efforts.

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True

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True or False: The most critical concept that children learn when reading with a parent or caregiver is that reading is a pleasurable experience.

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True

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Interactive story writing is a way to help develop children's:

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Experiences

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Which of the following types of books are ones that allow children to participate in the reading by using rhyme, rhythm, and repetition:

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Predictable

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True or False: When children's "reading" of stories changes from sounding like oral language to sounding like written language, a fundamental change in ideas from thinking of reading as spoken words to understanding that reading is recreated from written text has occurred.

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True

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What is the foundation for building concepts and new vocabulary

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Experiences

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Which emergent literacy stage is defined as the instance when children are able to effectively use two words to communicate:

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Telegraphic Stage

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True or False: For a child that doesn't have strong English skills, development of formal reading in English should be done prior to development of the child's English oral skills.

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False

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In emergent literacy, the term literacy embraces all of the following -writing -speaking -listening -reading

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-writing -speaking -listening -reading

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Prebirth, holographic stage, telegraphic stage, and fluency are all stages described in:

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Emergent literacy

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What is the value of the Instructional Process category?

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25%

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Students in a first-grade class have learned a song and fingerplay about snow. They sing the song and act out the fingerplay over and over until everyone knows it well. The teacher has displayed the words to the song and models how to point to the words as they are said. The students take their turns at tracking the words as they or their classmates chant them.

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To help develop students' awareness of speech / print relationships

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A teacher is concerned that his intermediate-level students use nonstandard English patterns in their speech and writing. A reading specialist who has kept abreast of recent trends would be most likely to advise the teacher to

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provide experiences from which the students can conclude that different usage styles are appropriate in different situations

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Which of the following is most likely to be included in a language experience approach to teaching reading?

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Connecting speaking, writing, and reading

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Whenever John is in the car with his mom and they come to a stop sign, he says, "Mom stop. S-T-O-P." At school, when the teacher asks John to spell the word "stop," he cannot. Which of the following methods would best help John make meaningful connections between home and school during spelling instruction?

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Creating activities that point out letters and words in environmental print

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What does research suggest is the primary reason why the English language is difficult to decode?

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The phoneme-grapheme correspondence is inconsistent.

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How many stages of language acquisition are there?

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6

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During what stage do children being to grasp that the function of speech is to communicate?

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holographic

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True or False: You should avoid insisting that children perform correctly at all times.

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True

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Areas of the classroom conducive to learning includes all except

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recess

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True or False: Children should read a certain level of intelligence before being ready to learn to read.

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True

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Which of the following approaches would be the best way for a teacher to help parents become involved in their children's reading achievement?

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Explaining reading scores and ways to interact during read-alouds

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Of the following activities, which is most likely to have been inspired by Vygotsky's theory of the interactive relationship between oral language and thinking? -A student completes a graphic organizer after reading a passage aloud to herself. -Students participate in a small-group discussion about a book. -A student writes a paragraph that he will then read aloud to the class. -Students read aloud in a round-robin pattern.

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Students participate in a small-group discussion about a book.

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Tom says things such as, "Her go to a new school now" and "He go to eat last night." To best help Tom develop proper grammar while speaking, the teacher should

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follow up with the correct model, such as, "She goes to a new school? Where does she go now?"

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A teacher is concerned that his intermediate-level students use nonstandard English patterns in their speech and writing. A reading specialist who has kept abreast of recent trends would be most likely to advise the teacher to

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provide experiences from which the students can conclude that different usage styles are appropriate in different situations

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Research shows that children who are allowed and encouraged to "invent spelling" are likely to

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strengthen their sense of phonemic awareness

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The ability to distinguish differences or likenesses in individual sounds or words is called

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auditory discrimination

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In telling a class that the sound heard at the beginning of the word "dog" is represented by the letter d, a teacher is explaining

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phoneme-grapheme correspondence

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Which of the following activities would best help students to develop phonemic awareness?

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The students represent the number of sounds in a given word with chips.

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A teacher who wants to determine the level of a young child's phonemic awareness should ask the child to

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identify the sounds in a particular word

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What level is the ability to manipulate individual sounds within words.

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Phoneme

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True or False: Word level is the ability to blend and segment chunks within words

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False

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Blending and segmenting individual phonemes is

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phonemic awareness

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True or False: Phonological Awareness builds a strong foundation for skilled decoding or for fluent reading.

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True

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True or False: Phonological Awareness (PA) is the ability to attend to the sounds in language and the ability to manipulate those sounds.

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True

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True or False: Sound boxes associate different color representations with different letters in a given word.

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False

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True or False: Young children should not be exposed to poems or nursery rhymes using rhyme as it will confuse them during early stages of phonemic awareness.

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False

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True or False: The alphabetic principle is unique to the English writing system.

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False

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Which term describes the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words?

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Phonemic Awareness

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True or False: Phonemic awareness is an important successor to phonics instruction.

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False

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Which term describes the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words?

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Phonemic Awareness

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Which of the following terms describes the part of the language system that puts together the proper sounds of words in the appropriate sequence: -Phonemic awareness -Phonics -Phonology -Emergent Literacy

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Phonology

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In terms of phonemic awareness, the ability to blend means:

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A child can tell the sounds in a word in order

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True or False: Young children should not be exposed to poems or nursery rhymes using rhyme as it will confuse them during early stages of phonemic awareness.

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False

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True or False: In terms of phonemic awareness competence, the ability to identify onsets is a precursor skill to the ability to blend.

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False

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Concrete words are usually more difficult for children to learn than abstract words.

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False

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In terms of phonemic awareness, the ability to blend means:

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A child can put together an onset and rime given by the teacher

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True or False: Young children should not be exposed to poems or nursery rhymes using rhyme as it will confuse them during early stages of phonemic awareness

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False

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Which of the following are helpful guidelines for choosing e-books for use in fostering fluency (mark all that apply): -Contain high quality children's literature -Content offers assistance when children cannot decode a word -Engaging enough to encourage repeated readings

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-Contain high quality children's literature -Content offers assistance when children cannot decode a word -Engaging enough to encourage repeated readings

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True or False: Decoding words is the ability to blend a series of sounds dictated by the order in which particular letters occur in the printed word.

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True

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Which of the following features should be contained on a word wall (mark all that apply): -Words should be rotated on a regular basis -The wall should only be referred to at the beginning of the lesson -Confusing words should be color coded -Should be easily visible to all students

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-Words should be rotated on a regular basis -Confusing words should be color coded -Should be easily visible to all students

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True or False: Modeling is NOT an effective method of teaching phonics.

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False

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True or False: Phonemic Awareness is a component of an effective phonics program.

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True

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True or False: When teaching phonics, focus children's attention on memorizing rules rather than detecting patterns.

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False

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Which of the following are strategies beginning readers use to read words (mark all that apply): -Memorization -Sounding out each letter -Comparing patterns to ones already known -Guessing from the content

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-Memorization -Sounding out each letter -Comparing patterns to ones already known -Guessing from the content

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In experimental spelling, knowing the letter names will help children use the correct vowel in which of the following words? -Bad -Kite -Hot -Win

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Kite

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According to Gentry, which of the following stages is described as when the young child strings scribbles, letters, and letter-like forms together without any particular knowledge of associated phonemes?

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Precommunicative Stage

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According to Gentry, which of the following stages is described as when a child's writing may proceed from top to bottom and right to left or even randomly across the page?

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Precommunicative Stage

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True or False: An effective spelling program is one which teachers help children explore and understand the patterns and relationships within and between words.

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True

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How many different basic developmental spelling stages are there?

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Five

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True or False: When students can decode CVC and VC words, these words should be given to students to passages.

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True

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The sounds you hear in the word is called

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segmenting

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The process of using letter-sound correspondences to recognize words is

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decoding

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True or False: Because there are so many words in the English language, we should memorize as many words as possible

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False

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Students in Kindergarten should demonstrate

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letter-sound correspondence

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Some words are most likely to be recognized by elementary students as sight words without using other word study strategies. Examples of such words are

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was, a, to, who

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Which of the following is an important feature of the Reading Recovery approach to teaching reading?

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Students and teachers interact on a one-on-one basis in an individually tailored program.

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A group of first-grade students is reading a book about a cat. They have written the word cat on lapboards and the teacher asks them to identify a smaller word in it. They identify at, and they are asked to write other words that are in the same word family.

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introduce the students to analysis of chunks or patterns in words

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Of the following games, which offers students the greatest opportunity to learn phonics? -perform morphological analysis -increase their awareness of semantic relationships -develop their ability to analyze syntactic structure -recognize grapheme-phoneme correspondence

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recognize grapheme-phoneme correspondence

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A group of first-grade students is reading a book about a cat. They have written the word cat on lapboards and the teacher asks them to identify a smaller word in it. They identify at, and they are asked to write other words that are in the same word family.

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To introduce the students to analysis of chunks or patterns in words

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A fifth-grade teacher facilitates a discussion in which students determine the meaning of a prefix based on a list of student-generated words. Which of the following best describes the objective for this activity? -The student can decode at least 95% of the words and answer 75% of the passage questions. -The student can decode 99% of the words and answer 90% of the passage questions. -The student can decode 85% of the words and answer 70% of the passage questions. -The student can decode 75% of the words and answer 50% of the passage questions.

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The student can decode at least 95% of the words and answer 75% of the passage questions.

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Which of the following is an important feature of the Reading Recovery approach to teaching reading? -Tests are used frequently during the period of instruction to determine students' levels of reading. -Students and teachers interact on a one-on-one basis in an individually tailored program. -New books are selected by students rather than being introduced by the teacher at a slightly more difficult level. -Explicit phonics instruction is heavily emphasized for all students.

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Students and teachers interact on a one-on-one basis in an individually tailored program.

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Given the names of students displayed on a name board, early elementary students stretch out the names David, Delano, Cindy, and Adam and listen for the sound of the letter d in each name. This activity is most likely to help students

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recognize grapheme-phoneme correspondence

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Which of the following is the best example of an affix?

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A prefix or suffix

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Stephan, a first grader, reads, "The frog took toys pulling the sleep" for a text that says, "The friends took turns pulling the sled." Stephan is overrelying on which of the following?

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Graphophonic cues

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Mr. Martin's anecdotal notes indicate that a number of his sixth-grade students are struggling readers. To best help these struggling readers, which of the following is the most appropriate next step Mr. Martin should take?

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Conducting an assessment to determine the instructional needs of these students

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Structural analysis is the study of meaningful word parts. To use this strategy, students must consider

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inflectional endings

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Which of the following, when encountered during a student's oral reading, most probably indicates that the student would benefit from reading material at a lower level of difficulty?

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Numerous repetitions

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Structural analysis is the study of meaningful word parts. To use this strategy, students must consider

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inflectional endings

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Given the names of students displayed on a name board, early elementary students stretch out the names David, Delano, Cindy, and Adam and listen for the sound of the letter d in each name. This activity is most likely to help students

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recognize grapheme-phoneme correspondence

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In the word boys, there are how many morphemes?

answer

Two

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Semantic Gradient is an explicit instructional method that helps children enhance their meaning vocabulary in which of the following situations (select the best option)? -moving word into children's speaking vocabularies -learning new words that represent known concepts -learning new words for known concepts -clarifying and enriching the meanings of known words -learning new meanings for known words

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moving word into children's speaking vocabularies

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True or False: It is more immediately pressing for children learning English as a second language to get the gist of any passage rather than being able to read it fluently with prosody.

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True

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A Context-Relationship Procedure is an explicit instructional method that helps children enhance their meaning vocabulary in which of the following situations (select the best option)? -learning new meanings for known words -clarifying and enriching the meanings of known words -moving word into children's speaking vocabularies -learning new words that represent known concepts -learning new words for known concepts

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learning new words for known concepts

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A Semantic Map is an explicit instructional method that helps children enhance their meaning vocabulary in which of the following situations (select the best option)? -learning new meanings for known words -clarifying and enriching the meanings of known words -moving word into children's speaking vocabularies -learning new words that represent known concepts -learning new words for known concepts

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-clarifying and enriching the meanings of known words

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By the end of which grade are most children normally able to decode any word in their meaning vocabulary?

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Third grade

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True or False: A meaning vocabulary is a child's understanding of various spellings of words.

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False

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True or False: For children learning English as a second language, pictures, brief video clips, and objects should not be used because of additional cognitive load on the child.

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False

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True or False: Having children memorize definitions of predetermined words and asking them to use them in a sentence is the preferred method of teaching new vocabulary.

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False

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Which of the following activities attempts to improve comprehension by using paired oral reading where partners summarize and question a reading: -Think-Aloud -Direct Reading-Thinking Activity -Dyad Reading -Structured Listening Activity

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Dyad Reading

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True or False: Children must be taught, directly, what each comprehension strategy is, how and when to use such strategies, and the circumstances under which they should use it.

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True

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Which of the following activities attempts to improve comprehension by helping children answer a range of questions and understand each question and answer tie into the text, the author, and themselves: -Experience-Text Relationships -Question-Answer Relationships -Reciprocal Reading -Knowledge Chart

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Question-Answer Relationships

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True or False: In order to receive an author's message, a reader must be thinking and using their experiences while reading.

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True

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Which of the following activities attempts to improve comprehension establishing the story line with visuals, allowing even non-English-speaking children to participate in the telling and retelling of a story: -Think-Aloud -Direct Reading-Thinking Activity -Dyad Reading -Structured Listening Activity

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Structured Listening Activity

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True or False: There is a strong relationship between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension.

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True

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Teachers should reinforce the use of vocabulary -multiple times -once a week -seldomly -once

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multiple times

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Synonyms are words that are

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same

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True or False: Effective vocabulary instruction includes students interacting with words they are familiar with.

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False

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True or False: One key in teaching vocabulary is to determine what students already know about the words.

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True

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Researchers have found that knowledge of word meanings is gained in increments through many experiences. Which of the following is suggested as an effective technique for teaching vocabulary? -Presentation of variations in plot, conflict, and climax -in reading -Presentation of definitions and other information about words in a lecture format -Introduction of new words during lessons in various content areas -Assignment of frequent oral presentations

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Introduction of new words during lessons in various content areas

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The words "vain" and "Vane" are examples of

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Homophones

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A science teacher asks the reading specialist for strategies that will help students acquire content-area vocabulary to improve their comprehension of the science textbook. Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate for the reading specialist to recommend to achieve this goal? -Informing the students that the unit tests will emphasize vocabulary term definitions -Pretesting students on the vocabulary terms from the textbook -Selecting words from the text and having students copy definitions from the glossary -Introducing key vocabulary terms in context before reading the text

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Introducing key vocabulary terms in context before reading the text

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When introducing new reading vocabulary, a teacher who is aware of the research on language acquisition is most likely to do which of the following? -contextual clues -configuration -phonemic analysis -structural analysis

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structural analysis

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Learning to differentiate among words having common roots by looking at the modifications that result when prefixes or suffixes (such as pre-, un-, dis-, -tive, -and -ment) are added to known roots is accomplished through the use of -configuration -structural analysis -phonemic analysis -contextual clues

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structural analysis

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A science teacher asks the reading specialist for strategies that will help students acquire content-area vocabulary to improve their comprehension of the science textbook. Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate for the reading specialist to recommend to achieve this goal? -Pretesting students on the vocabulary terms from the textbook -Selecting words from the text and having students copy definitions from the glossary -Introducing key vocabulary terms in context before reading the text -Informing the students that the unit tests will emphasize vocabulary term definitions

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Introducing key vocabulary terms in context before reading the text

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An eighth-grade English class is beginning a new novel. Which of the following would best help a teacher to determine which words require explicit prereading instruction? -Allowing students to identify and compile a list of unfamiliar words they come across in the novel as they read -Selecting words from the novel that have common affixes and roots that can be used to determine meanings -Identifying words from the novel that are especially challenging because they are figurative or idiomatic -Selecting words that are most relevant for understanding the novel and lack context clues

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Selecting words that are most relevant for understanding the novel and lack context clues

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A first-grade teacher reads aloud a fact-filled children's story that is set in the rain forest. Which of the following instructional approaches will best help students to connect their prior knowledge to new information learned from the story? -Asking students text-to-self questions while reading -Encouraging students to tell stories about their pets -Demonstrating note-taking skills to the students -Emphasizing important details while reading aloud

answer

Asking students text-to-self questions while reading

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Which of the following procedures, specifically designed to increase sight vocabulary and fluency and accuracy of oral reading, has research shown to be particularly effective? -Using a repeated reading program and easy reading materials -Introducing all new words in context and having students read silently -Introducing all new words using a kinesthetic method -Using an analytic phonics approach to teaching decoding

answer

Using a repeated reading program and easy reading materials

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Which of the following approaches would best help to guide high school students' as they conduct peer reviews for writing assignments? -Design feedback forms with explicit criteria for discussion and provide time for students to discuss the review -Require students to always exchange their writing with the same partner to not longitudinal differences -Design feedback forms with areas designated for general commentary and positive reinforcement -Require students to create outlines and restate the paper's main points to confirm that the author's points were clear

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Design feedback forms with explicit criteria for discussion and provide time for students to discuss the review

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Sam read aloud a 100-word passage about aging pets. He read with five miscues. In one instance, Sam read the sentence below and self-corrected the miscue. Printed sentence: "He was getting old." Sam initially read: "He was going old." Sam self-correct: "He was getting old." -Sam probably did not attend to sound-symbol correspondences because he was familiar with the information. -Sam was probably attending to meaning and was aware that the initial miscue did not make sense. -Sam probably made the mistake because he pays attention only to the beginning and ending sounds of words he does not know. -Sam was probably using his schema and background knowledge about aging pets to improve fluency.

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Sam was probably attending to meaning and was aware that the initial miscue did not make sense.

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As part of the classroom routine, students take turns with daily jobs. This week Sue calls the roll from the attendance sheet, records the number of students absent, and then reads the morning announcements to the class. Pete reads the daily menu aloud and writes it on the board prior to taking lunch count. These routines are most likely to benefit all of the students in their literacy development because they -offer to the students opportunities to practice discrete skills in isolation -help the students to develop home-school connections -provide the students opportunities for creative responses to reading -demonstrate to the students a relationship between real-life situations and literacy

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demonstrate to the students a relationship between real-life situations and literacy

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Inflection and rhythm in reading is called

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prosody

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True or False: Limited vocabulary can inhibit fluency.

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True

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What two skills do students need to be fluent , decoding and -comprehension -segmenting -graphonics -phonemic awareness

answer

comprehension

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True or False: Students reading below target require daily fluency practice.

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True

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True or False: A component of comprehension is punctuation.

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True

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A teacher is introducing a mystery novel to a class as part of the reading curriculum. Which of the following strategies to introduce the book is most likely to be effective in promoting student comprehension? -Telling the students the solution to the mystery -Introducing the names of all the characters - Reviewing the characteristic elements of the genre -Having the students illustrate a cover for the book

answer

Reviewing the characteristic elements of the genre

question

Which of the following assignments would best allow sixth graders to demonstrate their understanding of memoirs after a unit covering narrative writing? -how to use a dictionary or a glossary as an instructional resource -to incorporate new vocabulary into written work -how to use context clues as an aid to word recognition - a network of relationships among concepts that the word represents

answer

a network of relationships among concepts that the word represents

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Which of the following practices is most appropriate for a teacher to use when determining the placement of students into flexible groups for reading instruction? -Using students' current reading levels to form mixed-ability groups -Using reading assessments for the students from the previous grade -Using a current assessment to determine the reading needs of the students -Using a teacher-prepared survey to determine the students' reading interests

answer

Using a current assessment to determine the reading needs of the students

question

A first-grade teacher uses the running record below to analyze a student's miscues. Text said: mother isn't she went cents Student said: momma ain't she be goin cent Based on the miscues, the teacher is most accurate in concluding that the student -employs phonics in decoding words -reads at the frustration level -finds the text very difficult -comprehends the text

answer

comprehends the text

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A sixth-grade teacher has a group of students who read below grade level and seldom read voluntarily outside the classroom. After noticing that these students enjoy talking about movies, the teacher gives them the assignment to choose and independently read a book that has been made into a movie. Then they are to watch the movie together and collaborate to write a comparison of the two versions of the story to share with the class. In making this assignment, the teacher most likely intends to accomplish which of the following? -Stimulate the students' interest in reading -Compensate for the students' reading deficiencies -Reinforce students' literal comprehension skills -Increase the students' attention spans

answer

Stimulate the students' interest in reading

question

A third-grade science teacher has noticed that students are having difficulty understanding the assigned readings in the required textbook. Which of the following strategies is likely to be most effective in helping students to better understand what they read? -Making a list of vocabulary words for the students to look up and study before reading the text -Having the students collaboratively create a semantic map associated with a core concept or question -Having the students work in pairs and take notes on the text -Having the students create a story structure or story grammar of each chapter to aid their understanding

answer

Having the students collaboratively create a semantic map associated with a core concept or question

question

Two fifth-grade classes in different cities agree to read the same novel and post their reactions to each chapter in an online community Web site. Each teacher posts thought-provoking questions to begin the online discourse. Which of the following approaches would be best to provide students with feedback about their postings? -Acknowledging students' opinions as accurate and correcting their grammar -Providing students with a guideline for what is appropriate and inappropriate to post -Tracking the frequency of the students' postings on the Web site -Using a rubric to communicate expectations to students about the quality and frequency of postings

answer

Using a rubric to communicate expectations to students about the quality and frequency of postings

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True or False: An inflection can change the meaning of a word.

answer

True

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A prefix can be (mark all that apply): -root word -morpheme -placed at the end of a word

answer

morpheme

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True or False: Knowing prefixes and suffixes can help determine what a word means.

answer

True

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True or False: Suffixes are added to the beginning of words.

answer

False

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What does writing a response involve (mark all that apply)? -reacting in writing -critical reading -reacting in writing -critical thinking

answer

all of the above

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True or False: It is meaningful to provide a topic sentence?

answer

True

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True or False: A writing response is your chance to communicate in writing your personal viewpoint and personal learning and they relate specifically to the scenario, book, essay, paper, article, etc. in question and the ideas and values contained therein. A good response should make a connection.

answer

True

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What kind of info can we get from a constructed-response question that we cannot get from multiple-choice questions (mark all that apply)? -examples -writer's point of view -details

answer

all of the above

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True or False: It is not necessary to provide evidence that you have understood what the text says and does in a response paper?

answer

False

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True or False: The first stage of emergent literacy begins with formal reading and writing

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False

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Which of the following terms describes the part of language system that puts together the proper sounds of words in sequence?

answer

Phonology

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Effective use of classroom-based assessments depends on which of the following

answer

immediate instructional intervention based on data analysis selection of assessments based on instructional goals

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True or False: Criterion-referenced tests typically measure specific literacy skills in terms of mastery of those skills

answer

True

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A display listing high frequency words that are of particular interest to children or are currently being studied in a reading lesson is known as

answer

word wall

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True or False: Contract spelling is a good method to use with early, less advanced spellers.

answer

False

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Six-year old Ryan sees the word "bat" and laboriously pencils the word onto the paper while saying "bbbaaatttttt"

answer

Rubber banding

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True or False: Most children move from emergent literacy to conventional literacy around 4th or 5th grade year

answer

False- (K-1 grades)

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True or False: Sight vocabulary words need to be taught as a whole through repetition and in many different contextual ways.

answer

True

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An anecdotal record is which type of assessment

answer

informal

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Which of the following areas can a teacher use to control the amount of scaffolding provided in a guided reading activity

answer

types of questions asked before reading and during discussion amount of text children read at a time amount of reading the instructor does aloud with the students number of comprehension strategies modeled by the teacher via think-alouds

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The ability to read in expressive rhythmic and melodic patterns is known as

answer

prosody

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According to Gentry, which of the following stages is described as when children continue to use letter names to represent sounds while also using consonant and vowel sounds for each spoken syllable?

answer

Phonetic stage

question

Picture walk

answer

introducing the text

question

Which of the following activities attempts to improve comprehension by modeling all the effective comprehension strategies a fluent reader uses to gain meaning from the printed page

answer

Think-Aloud

question

Which term describes letters used to represent the sounds of the English language?

answer

Grapheme

question

According to Gentry, which of the following stages is described as when the children begin a concern for spelling words correctly?

answer

Conventional spelling stage

question

Which of the following systems have researchers suggested make communications possible

answer

syntactic system pragmatic system semantic system grapho-phonological system

question

In which of the following stages of the writing process does formal writing begin?

answer

Drafting

question

Which of the following theories suggests that all readers essentially use the same strategies and processes to figure out unknown words?

answer

nonstage theory

question

Which of the following items are key elements of good phonics instruction

answer

integrate phonics instruction into a total joyful reading program teaching of new letters sound correspondence is done explicitly and clearly model strategies to use when encountering an unknown word

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