Psychology Chapter 3 Test Questions – Flashcards
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The type of speech used by young children in which words are left out but the meaning can still be understood
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telegraphic speech
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The branch of psychology that studies changes that occur as humans mature
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developmental psychology
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An infant's reflex that results from someone or something touching his or her hand
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grasping reflex
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The growth of a human from infancy to adulthood that is naturally programmed to occur
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maturation
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An infant's reflex that causes his or her head to turn toward the source of touching that occurs near his or her mouth
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rooting reflex
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What reflexes is a infant born with?
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Grasping reflex and rooting reflex
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In what period of life do humans change the fastest and learn the most?
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early childhood
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What do developmental psychologists study
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how individuals change physically, socially, emotionally, morally, and intellectually
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What are the 2 views of how behavior develops?
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biological and environmental
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What innate capacities do newborns have?
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see, hear, and smell
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How do psychologists measure the capabilities of newborns?
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measuring behaviors
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What processes occur during the first years of life that enable a child to expand his or her skills?
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grasping objects, crawling
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Why should parents not waste time trying to coach an infant to learn new skills before he or she is ready?
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they have a programmed growth
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What perceptual abilities do newborns and infants have?
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they are not afraid and like to look at human faces and patterns
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What are the two primary components of language development?
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language and thought
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What two factors are involved in intellectual development?
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Quantitative Changes (growth in the amount of info) and Qualitative Changes (Diff in the manner of thinking)
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When an object or event does not fit into our preexisting schemas, what two options do we have?
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We can assimilate the information by fitting it into our new schemas or we can accommodate.
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How do infants treat objects that they cannot see?
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Infants treat objects that they cannot see as though they do not exist.
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When does this treatment change?
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During the later part of the child's first year, he or she recognizes object permanence. This is accompanied by the realization that objects and people exist independently of the child.During the later part of the child's first year, he or she recognizes object permanence. This is accompanied by the realization that objects and people exist independently of the child. During the later part of the child's first year, he or she recognizes object permanence. This is accompanied by the realization that objects and people exist independently of the child.
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How are object permanence and representative thought related?
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Representational thought is described as the ability to picture things in one's mind.A child achieves object permanence, he cannot engage in representational thought.
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At what age do children begin to understand the principle of conservation?
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Children understand the principle of conservation between the ages of 5 and 7.
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What are the 4 stages of cognitive development identified by Jean Piaget?
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Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations.
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Who discovered that some animals become attached to their mothers by a process called imprinting?
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Konrad Lorenz
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Why is attachment important?
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Appears to be a survival mechanism that is critical to development. It allows the human or animal to form a bond with the person or animal who will be responsible for teaching basic life skills and providing emotional security.
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What did Harry Harlow conclude from his study of monkeys?
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Harlow said that the need for attachment is a need for contact comfort more than a need for food.
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What 2 types of anxiety are common to infants during the attachment period?
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Separation of anxiety and stranger anxiety are common.
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Adolescents are encouraged to participate in decision making in what type of families?
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authoritative
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According to Sigmund Freud, infants associate erotic pleasure with the mouth during what stage?
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oral stage
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When infants try on adult roles during play, what are they engaged in ?
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role taking
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Freud's theory asserts that during what stage does an individual's sexual satisfaction depends on giving pleasure as well as receiving it.
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genital stage
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In what type of family do parents control, shape, and evaluate the behavior of children and adolescents using a set code of conduct.
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authoritarian
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According to Freud, children associate erotic pleasure with the elimination process during what stage?
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anal stage
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The process of learning the rules of behavior for a culture is called what?
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socialization
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Children and adolescents have the final say in what type of family?
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democratic family
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During what stage did Freud believe that children associate erotic pleasure with their genitals.
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genital stage
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Freud claimed that at about 5 or 6 a child pushes aside sexual desires in order to explore the world and learn new skills in what stage?
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sublimation stage
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How does identification help with socialization?
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Identification teaches morals and culture.
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Why does sublimation help with role taking?
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Sublimation helps with role taking because it redirects the sexual impulses into learning important tasks. Sublimation helps with role taking because it redirects the sexual impulses into learning important tasks.
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developmental psychology
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the study of how people change and grow throughout lifespan
