Question 1

Unlike Skinner\'s behavioral analysis, Bandura\'s social cognitive theory

Accepted Answer

recognizes the influence of chance encounters

Question 2

Skinner believed that there is no learning without reinforcement. Bandura

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agrees with Skinner but also stresses vicarious learning

Question 3

Compared to Skinner\'s approach, Bandura\'s theory is more

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cognitive

Question 4

Albert Bandura is a native of _______, but has lived most of his life in _______

Accepted Answer

Canada; the United States

Question 5

Bandura calls the capacity to exercise control over our lives

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human agency.

Question 6

According to Bandura, the four core features of human agency are intentionality, _____, self-reactiveness, and self-reflectiveness.

Accepted Answer

forethought

Question 7

Bandura\'s triadic reciprocal causation assumes that personal conduct is a function of

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All of these are correct

Question 8

Bandura believes that cognition

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is determined by behavior and environment.

Question 9

The notion that behavior is a consequence of a mutual interaction of three forces is what Bandura calls

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triadic reciprocal causation

Question 10

Bandura\'s P, or person, factor includes

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all of these are correct

Question 11

In Bandura\'s theory, chance encounters enter at which point in the triadic reciprocal cauastion paradigm?

Accepted Answer

environment

Question 12

Bandura calls situations in life beyond one\'s deliberate control

Accepted Answer

both of these

Question 13

Bandura reasons that if behavior were completely a function of the environment

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behavior would be more varied and less consistent

Question 14

Bandura views human agency as

Accepted Answer

the capacity to exercise control over our own lives.

Question 15

According to Bandura, ______ is a person\'s expectations that he or she can or cannot execute the behavior necessary to effect a successful change in a particular situation.

Accepted Answer

self-efficacy

Question 16

Self-efficacy enters Bandura\'s reciprocal determinism paradigm at the point of

Accepted Answer

person.

Question 17

To Bandura, self-efficacy is synonymous with

Accepted Answer

None of these is correct.

Question 18

Bandura claims that self-efficacy can be increased or decreased through

Accepted Answer

All of these are correct.

Question 19

Erick is confident that he has the skills and abilities to be an excellent professional baseball player. However, he is uncertain whether he will be offered a job as a player. Thus, according to Bandura, he has ______ efficacy expectations and _______ outcome expectations.

Accepted Answer

high; low

Question 20

Ordinarily, the strongest source of self-efficacy, according to Bandura, is

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performance

Question 21

In Bandura\'s view, vicarious experiences are likely to have their strongest effect on self-efficacy when the observer

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sees a person of equal ability succeed

Question 22

In Bandura\'s view, self-efficacy is most likely to be increased when

Accepted Answer

one successfully performs a difficult task.

Question 23

According to Bandura, in general, intense physiological arousal

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lowers efficacy expectations.

Question 24

Bandura believes that

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people have different levels of self-efficacy in different situations.

Question 25

The confidence people have that their combined efforts will produce social change is what Bandura calls

Accepted Answer

collective efficacy

Question 26

Like most people, Madison relies on other people such as the police, the fire department, and mechanics to exercise indirect control over her life. Bandura calls this situation

Accepted Answer

proxy agency.

Question 27

According to Bandura, collective efficacy

Accepted Answer

stems from the personal efficacy of many people working together

Question 28

According to Bandura, collective efficacy is lowered when

Accepted Answer

All of these are correct.

Question 29

The first requirement for internal self-regulation, according to Bandura, is

Accepted Answer

self-observation

Question 30

Megan compares her test grade with that of other class members to determine her test performance. She is using which of Bandura\'s judgmental processes?

Accepted Answer

standards of reference

Question 31

According to Bandura, in self-regulation, we may judge the worth of our actions on the basis of

Accepted Answer

All of these are correct

Question 32

Harrison, a professional photographer, is dissatisfied with his latest work, judging several pictures as substandard by his own criteria. Bandura would say that Harrison will probably

Accepted Answer

withhold reward for substandard performance

Question 33

The concept that individuals respond positively or negatively to their behavior, depending upon how it measures up to their personal standards, is a process Bandura calls

Accepted Answer

self-reaction.

Question 34

Bandura believes that both external and internal factors play a role in self-regulation. An example of an internal factor would be

Accepted Answer

performance attribution

Question 35

Selective activation refers to Bandura\'s belief that self-regulatory influences

Accepted Answer

operate only when they are activated

Question 36

Which of these is NOT listed by Bandura as a mechanism through which behavior is disengaged from self-evaluative consequences?

Accepted Answer

physical flight or running away

Question 37

According to Bandura, disengagement of internal control is most likely to occur when

Accepted Answer

an otherwise law-abiding citizen attempts to convince himself that his criminal acts are justified.

Question 38

In Bandura\'s framework, selective activation and disengagement of internal control

Accepted Answer

et a person minimize responsibility in an ambiguous situation

Question 39

A government official who sanctions spying on and brutal physical harassment of legitimate, nonviolent demonstrators because \"they are a threat to national security\" is using Bandura\'s disengagement technique of

Accepted Answer

moral justification.

Question 40

A terrorist dismisses the death of one hostage as unimportant in comparison to the hundreds of his comrades killed by government security forces. This illustrates Bandura\'s disengagement technique of

Accepted Answer

palliative comparison.

Question 41

A hired killer refers to murdering another person as a \"contract\" or a \"hit\". This is an example of Bandura\'s disengagement technique of

Accepted Answer

euphemistic labels.

Question 42

In Bandura\'s disengagement technique of displacement of responsibility, the consequences of one\'s actions are minimized by

Accepted Answer

placing responsibility on an outside source

Question 43

The bureaucrat who answers criticism by responding \"That\'s the way things are done around here\" is using Bandura\'s disengagement technique of

Accepted Answer

diffusing responsibility

Question 44

A parent injures a child with a severe beating, but explains that one should not spare the rod because that may spoil the child. This illustrates Bandura\'s disengagement technique of

Accepted Answer

misconstruing consequences.

Question 45

A rapist excuses his violent assault on his victim by claiming the she provoked the attack by dressing provocatively. According to Bandura, this technique of disengagement is

Accepted Answer

blaming the victim.

Question 46

With regard to learning, Bandura believes that

Accepted Answer

Learning can occur in the absence of a response

Question 47

Bandura sees modeling as

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an important method of learning.

Question 48

Bandura discusses which two major types of learning?

Accepted Answer

observational and enactive

Question 49

For Bandura, learning through modeling involves

Accepted Answer

all of these are correct

Question 50

Bandura recognizes all of these as processes that govern observational learning EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

reinforcement.

Question 51

In modeling, Bandura claims people are most likely to attend to

Accepted Answer

attractive models.

Question 52

In order for observational learning to lead to new response patterns, Bandura claims that those patterns must be

Accepted Answer

symbolically represented in memory.

Question 53

According to Bandura, observing a model being punished for performance will decrease one\'s likelihood of

Accepted Answer

performing the modeled behavior.

Question 54

Bandura claims that learning through modeling is

Accepted Answer

facilitated by self-monitoring during performance.

Question 55

Bandura holds that reinforcement is

Accepted Answer

cognitively mediated.

Question 56

Bandura sees dysfunctional behaviors as

Accepted Answer

initiated and maintained based on social learning principles.

Question 57

Much of Bandura\'s theory and research on dysfunctional behaviors has centered around aggression and

Accepted Answer

phobias.

Question 58

According to Bandura, depressed individuals are inclined to punish themselves severely for poor performance. This illustrates a distortion of

Accepted Answer

self-reaction

Question 59

Bandura claims that phobias are difficult to extinguish because they

Accepted Answer

are maintained by avoidant behavior

Question 60

Bandura contends that aggressive behavior can result from

Accepted Answer

All of these are correct.

Question 61

The classical study where children were exposed to models acting aggressively was conducted by Bandura, Ross, and Ross. These authors found that, after mild frustration,

Accepted Answer

children exposed to a cartoon model displayed as much aggression as those exposed to a live model.

Question 62

To Bandura, the ultimate goal of therapy is

Accepted Answer

self-regulation.

Question 63

In his approach to therapy, Bandura sees three levels of treatment: induction of change, generalization, and

Accepted Answer

maintenance of newly acquired functional behaviors.

Question 64

Bandura\'s approach to therapy emphasizes

Accepted Answer

behavioral change and self-regulation.

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