question

Which statement about adolescence is accurate? A) Adolescence is a social construction. B) The concept of adolescence has existed throughout human history. C) The concept of a period of adolescence exists in only a few societies today. D) Adolescence is generally considered the beginning of puberty.

answer

A

question

The precise time for the burst of hormonal activity that triggers the onset of puberty depends on A) the presence of estrogen. B) age. C) reaching a critical weight level. D) the presence of androgens.

answer

C

question

The principal sign of sexual maturity in males is the A) onset of acne. B) onset of menarche. C) appearance of facial hair. D) production of sperm.

answer

D

question

Longitudinal studies suggest that pubertal timing for females is related to A) the amount of dysfunction in the girl's family. B) girls' relationships with their fathers. C) girls' relationships with their mothers. D) their fathers' Y chromosome.

answer

B

question

Rory, 13, joins a friend in having some illegal alcohol after school. Later, when Rory is in trouble at home, his older brother Rajid says, "Didn't you think about how much trouble you would get in? I would have." Brain researchers would suggest that the reason Rory did not think ahead, while Rajid would have, is because Rory's ________ is less fully developed than Rajid's. A) parietal lobe B) amygdala C) frontal lobe D) hypothalamus

answer

C

question

Which of the following is a way for adolescents to exercise their brains for better development? A) Long hours sending text messages to their friends B) Vigorous hair washing twice daily C) Frequent visits to amusement parks with thrilling rides D) Learning to understand abstract concepts

answer

D

question

Based on the research concerning adolescent sleep needs, schools could reduce the negative effects of chronic sleep deprivation and maximize adolescents' ability to concentrate by A) providing adolescents with coffee when they arrive at school in the morning. B) encouraging adolescents to "sleep in" on weekends. C) changing their schedules to start classes later. D) encouraging adolescents to go to sleep earlier so they can wake up earlier.

answer

C

question

Carolyn regularly stuffs herself with large meals, finishing them off with a couple of rich desserts. She then makes herself vomit and follows up with two hours of exercise. Carolyn is most likely suffering from which eating disorder? A) Toxemia B) Obesity C) Bulimia nervosa D) Anorexia nervosa Carolyn regularly stuffs herself with large meals, finishing them off with a couple of rich desserts. She then makes herself vomit and follows up with two hours of exercise. Carolyn is most likely suffering from which eating disorder? A) Toxemia B) Obesity C) Bulimia nervosa D) Anorexia nervosa

answer

C

question

Which adolescent is LEAST likely to abuse drugs? A) Darla, who campaigns with an organization promoting medical uses of marijuana and other drugs B) Brenda, who has poor impulse control C) Carlos, who uses aggression to deal with interpersonal conflict D) Adam, who has serious discussions with his parents about drug use

answer

D

question

Which of the following would be LEAST effective as an intervention for suicide? A) Programs that identify and treat young people who are at risk of suicide B) Programs to reduce substance abuse, violence, and access to guns C) School curriculums that teach children coping and problem-solving skills D) Telephone hotlines

answer

D

question

Clyde's motorcycle will not start. He considers all of the possible reasons that he knows for this problem and proceeds to test them one by one, with the most common reason first. Clyde is exhibiting _____ reasoning. A) logical-assumptive B) hypothetical-deductive C) technological-inductive D) commonsensical-reductive

answer

B

question

The awareness of one's own mental processes and strategies is referred to as A) metamemory. B) self-efficacy. C) metacognition. D) intuition.

answer

C

question

Which of the following is a common criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development? A) Kohlberg's theory is oriented toward values more important to women than to men. B) Kohlberg's theory describes development in non-Western cultures better than development in most industrialized, Western societies. C) Kohlberg's progression of stages does not correlate well with increasing age. D) Kohlberg neglected to consider the relationship between moral reasoning and moral behavior.

answer

D

question

Which of the following students is MOST likely to drop out of high school? A) Lori, whose grades have been improving since her English teacher started calling her mom whenever she cut class B) Jorge, who has been offered a chance to increase his work hours to full time C) Jackson, who went to an award-winning preschool D) Cookie, who is a cheerleader

answer

B

question

Claire has high self-efficacy. As a result, she is likely to _____ in high school and have _____ career goals. A) achieve moderately well; few B) drop out; gender-stereotyped C) perform below average; realistic D) do well; high

answer

D

question

How do adolescents form their identities, according to Erikson? A) Through the influence of their parents B) By modifying and synthesizing earlier identifications C) Passively D) By modeling themselves after other people

answer

C

question

According to Erikson, identity forms as young people solve the major issue of A) All of these B) choosing an occupation. C) developing a satisfying sexual identity. D) adopting values to live by.

answer

A

question

Ever since she was a toddler, Natalie has wanted to be a lawyer and join her parents in their law practice. She accepts her parents' values, as well as their religious and political views without question, saying they are a comfortable future for her. Natalie exemplifies which of James Marcia's identity statuses? A) Identity achievement B) Moratorium C) Foreclosure D) Identity diffusion

answer

C

question

Which of the following is a common criticism of the way Erikson described identity development in females? A) The self-esteem of girls seems to be linked to their relationships. B) Male and female paths to identity may not be as different today as Erikson suggested. C) Adolescents today are not really all that interested in who they are. D) Both males and females experience identity crises and commitments much sooner than Erikson suggested.

answer

B

question

Research has found that a critical issue in ethnic identity formation for Hispanics is A) meeting white standards of beauty. B) job discrimination. C) perceived discrimination. D) pressure for academic achievement.

answer

C

question

Which adolescent is MOST likely to become sexually active at an early age? A) Lakesha, an Asian American who lives in a middle-class neighborhood with her parents and sister and began menstruating at age 15 B) Lynda, a white who lives in a middle-class neighborhood with her parents and sister and began menstruating at age 14 C) Leticia, an African American who lives in a low-income housing development with her mother and two brothers and began menstruating at age 12 D) Lucinda, a Latina who lives in a low-income housing development with her parents and four siblings and began menstruating at age 12

answer

C

question

It is difficult to do research about sexuality because A) there is often a discrepancy between what people say about sex and what they do. B) nearly all parents are happy to grant permission for their teens to take part in studies of sexuality. C) all research methods lead to very similar responses from participants. D) most people who are willing to answer questions about sex have never had sex.

answer

A

question

Openly identifying oneself as a gay, lesbian, or bisexual adolescent very often leads to A) all of these. B) increased academic and job opportunities. C) an easier time finding partners. D) hostility from peers and family.

answer

D

question

Which of the following STDs is the leading cause of cervical cancer in women? A) Herpes B) HPV C) Gonorrhea D) Chlamydia

answer

B

question

Since the mid-1980s, teenage births rates in the United States have A) declined to their lowest point in more than 30 years. B) increased for some ethnic groups and decreased for others. C) remained stable. D) risen to their highest point in more than 60 years.

answer

A

question

According to research, full-fledged adolescent rebellion is A) more likely during late adolescence than in early adolescence. B) typical of most teens, due to the many physical, emotional, and social stresses of adolescence. C) seen in only a minority of adolescents. D) well supported by research over the past 100 years.

answer

C

question

Typically, family conflict is most FREQUENT during a child's _____ adolescence and most INTENSE during the child's _____ adolescence. A) early; middle B) late; late C) middle; late D) early; late

answer

A

question

Results of a major survey of U.S. high school students revealed that the emotional health and behavior of teens was best when parents A) encouraged teens to rely heavily on peers for approval. B) remained as uninvolved with teens as possible. C) firmly enforced behavioral rules. D) firmly enforced what their children should think and believe.

answer

C

question

At school, Mischa thinks of himself as one of the athletes, one of the immigrant kids, and one of the "science nerds." Seeing himself as part of a particular crowd helps Mischa A) decide how to behave. B) define his own identity. C) establish relationships with peers. D) do all of these.

answer

D

question

The most effective strategy for preventing delinquency is to A) enforce strict punishment even for minor offenses when children first begin to exhibit inappropriate behavior. B) punish parents through fines, imprisonment, or other means when their children engage in delinquent behavior. C) pair targeted high-risk families with stable families in their communities. D) involve targeted high-risk children and their families in early childhood intervention programs.

answer

D

question

Today, many people must define for themselves when adulthood begins. To do so, they can rely on which of the following markers? A) Psychological maturity B) All of these C) Legal definitions D) Sociological events, such as becoming self-supporting

answer

B

question

The leading cause of death for Americans between the ages of 20 and 44 is A) heart attacks. B) homicide. C) accidents. D) suicide.

answer

C

question

Research on the effects of relationships and health suggests that which of the following groups has the highest mortality rate? A) Single adults with low incomes B) Married adults with high incomes C) Married adults with low incomes D) Single adults with high incomes

answer

A

question

Research on the effects of relationships and health suggests that which of the following groups has the highest mortality rate? A) Single adults with low incomes B) Married adults with high incomes C) Married adults with low incomes D) Single adults with high incomes

answer

D

question

Which of the following is the LEAST common cause of HIV infection in the United States? A) Unprotected sex among homosexual and bisexual men B) Sharing of contaminated needles by drug users C) Commercial sex with prostitutes D) Transfusions of infected blood

answer

D

question

Martha feels irritable and bloated for at least a week before every menstrual period. When her period finally does come, she suffers severe cramps. Martha has A) PMS. B) both PMS and dysmenorrhea. C) dysmenorrhea. D) neither PMS nor dysmenorrhea.

answer

B

question

The MOST common cause of infertility in women is A) abnormal ova. B) diseases of the uterine lining. C) mucus in the cervix. D) blockage of the fallopian tubes.

answer

D

question

Which of the following statements would be made by a postformal thinker? A) "My mom tells people she'd be happy if she came to live with me, but the reality is we would both be unhappy if she did." B) "Anyone who looks at the problem logically will see that ours is the only plan that will save Social Security." C) "He says I'm being inflexible about taking our vacation together, but I know I'm right." D) "Whenever my printer stopped working before, I've always just jiggled these wheels, and it started right up again. I don't see why that's not working now."

answer

A

question

According to Kohlberg's theory, which of the following people is MOST likely to develop a new level of moral reasoning? A) Venetia, who attends a religious college in the same denomination in which she was raised B) Rio, who still lives with his parents at age 25 C) Geneva, who just had her first child D) Sydney, who went to work two years ago in his parents' printing business

answer

C

question

Which of the following first-year students is likely to have the MOST successful adjustment to college? A) Jasper, who was a member of an honor society in high school and has sought out its chapter on his college campus B) Pella, who waited until she was accepted into a sorority to buy new clothes this year because she wanted to fit in with her new friends C) Newton, who followed his girlfriend to the college of her choice and relies on her to tell him what classes to take D) Polk, who came to campus two months early because he and his parents were fighting so much

answer

A

question

According to research based on time use, which of the following students will get the most benefit from combining work and schooling? A) Rosa, a first-year student who works 12 hours a week in a pizza place near campus B) Chris, who accepted his employer's offer to increase his hours to 30 a week this year C) Scott, who schedules a full load of classes during evening hours because he works full-time during the day D) Darla, who works 15 hours a week in the campus library during her last year as an undergraduate

answer

D

question

Which of the following people is likely to experience the most substantive complexity at his or her work? A) Brooke, who works as a counselor in a group home for delinquent youth B) River, who works part-time as a checker at a discount grocery store C) Glenn, a barista in a coffee shop D) Forrest, who enters data from loan applications into the computer for a large bank chain

answer

A

question

The spillover hypothesis refers to which of the following? A) Gains made in the classroom can spill over into the workplace. B) Gains made at work can spill over into the classroom. C) Gains made at home can spill over into the classroom. D) Gains made at work can spill over into leisure activities.

answer

D

question

Which of the following factors has been found to aid in the transition from school to work? A) Positive personal relationships B) Competence C) All of these D) Connections between schooling and employment

answer

C

question

Recentering, a three-stage process that underlies the shift to an adult identity, involves all of the following EXCEPT A) life review, in which accomplishments are identified and judged B) increasing expectations for self-reliance and self-directedness C) connection to the family, but no longer being embedded within that family D) independence of the family, and a commitment to a career, partner, etc.

answer

A

question

Erik Erikson's description of the tasks young adults face in the sixth stage of psychosocial development, intimacy versus isolation, included all of the following EXCEPT A) making deep personal commitments to others. B) making sacrifices and compromises to fuse the identities they achieved in adolescence with the identity of another person. C) engaging in some amount of isolation to reflect on their lives as individuals. D) considering the possibility of a sexual relationship without having any children.

answer

D

question

Costa and McCrae's research on changes in the "Big Five" personality traits over the life span has found that A) it is highly unlikely that any of the five personality factors will change. B) major changes occur in some, but not all, of the five personality factors. C) although there is remarkable stability for the five personality factors over the life span, some shifting does occur in the 20s. D) major changes occur in all aspects of personality.

answer

C

question

The typological model of personality suggests that A) there is little, if any, change in personality over the life span. B) personality can change in industrialized, but not in preindustrial, societies. C) there are major changes in personality over the life span. D) certain events may change a person's personality trajectory.

answer

D

question

An important element in the development of intimate relationships of all kinds is A) self-disclosure. B) sex. C) romance. D) physical proximity.

answer

A

question

In Sternberg's theory, the three elements, or components, of love include all of the following EXCEPT A) intimacy. B) passion. C) trust. D) commitment.

answer

C

question

Which of the following women is LEAST likely to be troubled about still being single at age 40? A) Wendy, a white B) Andrea, an African American C) Linda, a Latina D) Amy, an Asian American

answer

B

question

Which of these married couples is LEAST likely to divorce? A) Milly and Mort, who were both 22 when they married, and who both work minimum-wage jobs consistent with their high-school education levels B) Barbie and Ken, who were 22 and 24, respectively, when they got married, and who feel very grounded in their religious faith C) Lorraine and Leonard, who were both 30 when they got married after seven years of cohabiting D) Jenny and John, who were 16 and 17, respectively, when they got married and had their first baby two months later

answer

B

question

All of the following are current issues facing homosexual couples in the United States today EXCEPT A) obtaining legal recognition of their unions. B) receiving coverage under each other's health insurance or pension plans. C) discrimination in college admissions. D) the right to adopt children or raise their own children.

answer

C

question

Which of the following people is most likely to be DISSATISFIED with his or her marriage? A) Jennifer, who feels she has lost control of her time and her life since her first baby was born three months ago B) Jorge, who has no children C) Janelle, whose grown children have all been out of the house for the past three years D) Jim, whose wife agrees that he does about half of the work of caring for their toddler

answer

A

question

The percentage of U.S. households with children has fallen in the past few decades because A) All of these B) couples see marriage as a place for intimacy, not necessarily procreation. C) more people wait until later ages to begin having children. D) children may represent an impossible financial burden to couples.

answer

A

question

All of the following statements about U.S. fathers are true EXCEPT A) fathers are not as involved as mothers in their children's lives. B) fathers and mothers spend nearly equal amounts of time with their children on weekends. C) compared to 50 years ago, fathers now spend three times as much time with their children. D) fathers are doing more housework than ever before.

answer

C

question

Which of the following people will adjust best to being divorced? A) Maybelle, who gets no money from her ex-husband to help support their three children B) Martha, who was shocked to find out her husband wanted to end their marriage C) Ming, who continues to argue with his ex-wife D) Marty, who spends more time with his friends now that he is free of the stress of arguing with his ex-wife all the time Which of the following people will adjust best to being divorced? A) Maybelle, who gets no money from her ex-husband to help support their three children B) Martha, who was shocked to find out her husband wanted to end their marriage C) Ming, who continues to argue with his ex-wife D) Marty, who spends more time with his friends now that he is free of the stress of arguing with his ex-wife all the time

answer

D

question

Which of the following women is at the greatest risk for divorce? A) Tina, an African American who did not graduate from high school B) Nicole, a white with a college education C) Samantha, an African American with a Ph.D. D) Cindy, a white who was married when she was 17 years old

answer

A

question

Linda just married Mark, who has children from his previous marriage. Stepfamily research suggests that, at this point, Mark's children most likely want _____ while Mark and Linda want _____. A) Linda to go away; a smooth and rapid transition B) a smooth and rapid transition; to side with their own biological children C) Mark to side with them; the children to go away D) Mark to go away; Linda to become a significant adult figure

answer

A

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