Question 1

A child\'s cognitive understanding of sex differences would be his or her:

Accepted Answer

gender schema

Question 2

Psychological control as a means of discipline relies on a child\'s:

Accepted Answer

feelings of shame, guilt, and gratitude.

Question 3

Which scenario best illustrates prosocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

Bethany feeds her baby brother because her mother is sick.

Question 4

Jared, age 5, describes himself as a good soccer player with black hair who laughs a lot. His description demonstrates his developing:

Accepted Answer

self concept

Question 5

Developmentalists who focus on children\'s thinking about sex roles as opposed to the children\'s observable behaviors are _____ theorists.

Accepted Answer

cognitive

Question 6

_____ is a discipline technique that involves the parent talking to the child and helping the child to understand what he or she did wrong.

Accepted Answer

induction

Question 7

Which is NOT one of the types of play identified by Mildred Parten?

Accepted Answer

personal play

Question 8

_____ are marked by excessive guilt, withdrawal, or fearfulness.

Accepted Answer

Internalizing problems

Question 9

Aggression used to obtain a toy or other object is:

Accepted Answer

instrumental

Question 10

Sociodramatic play helps children to develop _____ when they act out fear, bravery, and fury.

Accepted Answer

emotional regulation

Question 11

Which factor helps a young child to demonstrate initiative as Erikson details it in his third stage of psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

neurological maturity and a longer attention span

Question 12

Two-year-old Julia repeatedly exclaims, \"Me do it!\" when her mother tries to help her. Although this behavior is frustrating, her mother understands that doing things independently will develop Julia\'s sense of:

Accepted Answer

initiative

Question 13

In which country is physical punishment of a child illegal?

Accepted Answer

finland

Question 14

Regulation of which emotion is MOST emphasized in the United States?

Accepted Answer

fear

Question 15

As a father, Aahil rates low on nurturance and communication and high on maturity demands. He exhibits the _____ style of parenting.

Accepted Answer

authoritarian

Question 16

A child having an imaginary friend is an example of:

Accepted Answer

intrinsic motivation

Question 17

To understand a child\'s development of gender attitudes and roles, behaviorists stress:

Accepted Answer

reinforcement and punishment.

Question 18

According to Freud\'s psychoanalytic theory, little boys cope with the guilt of wanting to kill their fathers by:

Accepted Answer

identifying with their fathers

Question 19

The four dimensions of a parenting style are warmth, discipline, communication, and:

Accepted Answer

expectations for maturity.

Question 20

A parenting style characterized by high parent-to-child communication, low warmth, and high expectations of maturity is:

Accepted Answer

authoritarian

Question 21

______ differences are biological and ______ differences are culturally prescribed.

Accepted Answer

sex, gender

Question 22

Jaspreet frequently plays the piano whenever her family has guests because she enjoys the praise and attention that she receives. When alone, however, Jaspreet rarely plays the piano. Jaspreet\'s motivation:

Accepted Answer

is mostly extrinsic

Question 23

Which theory focuses on how children learn acceptable behaviors for their gender?

Accepted Answer

behavorial theory

Question 24

Today\'s children, especially those living in urban areas, spend more time _____ than playing outdoors.

Accepted Answer

using electronic media

Question 25

Girls usually develop emotional regulation _____ boys.

Accepted Answer

earlier than

Question 26

Compared to parents in the United States, ______ as many Canadian parents use slapping, pinching, or smacking as a form of punishment.

Accepted Answer

one half

Question 27

Which is NOT a form of play engaged in by young children in all cultures?

Accepted Answer

flying kites

Question 28

Which illustrates tertiary prevention for child maltreatment?

Accepted Answer

providing psychotherapy to a child who has been abused

Question 29

Erikson called the psychosocial developmental stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age:

Accepted Answer

initiative vs guilt

Question 30

Freud would say that a typical 5-year-old child is in the _____ psychoanalytic stage of development.

Accepted Answer

phallic

Question 31

Roderick hits or kicks Edwin on the playground nearly every day. He also encourages other children to laugh at Edwin\'s attempts to kick a ball. Roderick is using _____ aggression against Edwin.

Accepted Answer

bullying

Question 32

Jose demonstrates warmth and nurturance towards his children. He does not believe in punishment of any sort and does not have any rules for his children. His parenting style is:

Accepted Answer

permissive

Question 33

By the age of ______, children are convinced certain toys are appropriate for one gender but not the other.

Accepted Answer

4

Question 34

What is one of the functions peers provide in active play?

Accepted Answer

competition

Question 35

According to the text, people in _____ believe that preschoolers do not need instruction. As a result, their 3-year-old children spend little time engaged in structured learning activities.

Accepted Answer

brazil

Question 36

When 4-year-old Karen is angry, she lashes out by hitting. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

externalizing problem

Question 37

The most common discipline technique for a child\'s misbehavior that North American parents use with preschool children is:

Accepted Answer

use time outs

Question 38

A detailed 2010 study of Mexican-American mothers of preschoolers found that their parenting style was:

Accepted Answer

not identified by Baumrind.

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