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Home Page Social Science Psychology Developmental Psychology Children With Special Needs psyc 333 ch 9 practice q's

psyc 333 ch 9 practice q’s

Judith Simpson
22 July 2021
question
Traditional learning theorists emphasize the importance of _____ on children's development. - cognitive factors -internal forces -subjective experience -external factors
answer
external factors
question
The parents of 2-year-old Joshua are frustrated with his screaming when he wants something. Which scenario is an example of intermittent reinforcement? -His parents always give Joshua what he wants whether or not he screams. -His parents always give Joshua what he wants only when he screams. -Sometimes his parents give Joshua what he wants when he screams, and sometimes they refuse to give him what he wants when he screams. -His parents never give Joshua what he wants when he screams.
answer
Sometimes his parents give Joshua what he wants when he screams, and sometimes they refuse to give him what he wants when he screams.
question
Social learning theory emphasizes the importance of _____ as a mechanism of development. -imitation -punishment -contexts -reinforcement
answer
imitation
question
Bandura's theory did all of the following EXCEPT: - emphasize the role of cognitive aspects of learning. -hold that direct reinforcement is required for learning. -focus on the role of observations of others. -acknowledge the active role children play in their own development.
answer
hold that direct reinforcement is required for learning.
question
_____ theories are primarily concerned with children's ability to think and reason about their own and other people's thoughts, feelings, motives, and behavior. - Social learning - Ecological - Psychoanalytic -Social cognitive
answer
Social cognitive
question
Children who demonstrate a mastery orientation in response to failure: -tend to focus on their own evaluations of themselves rather than others' evaluations of them. -believe that intelligence is a fixed trait. -believe that they are smart in nearly all contexts. -give up when they experience failure.
answer
tend to focus on their own evaluations of themselves rather than others' evaluations of them.
question
A person who believes that intelligence can grow as a function of experience is considered by Dweck and her colleagues to have a(n) _____ theory of intelligence. -learning -entity -incremental -mastery
answer
incremental
question
A person who believes that intelligence is fixed is considered by Dweck and her colleagues to have a(n) _____ theory of intelligence. -learning -entity -incremental -mastery
answer
entity
question
According to the text, which type of praise or criticism would be MOST likely to be associated with children developing an incremental/mastery orientation in response to failure? -\"I think you need to try harder.\" -\"You're very smart at these problems.\" -\"You just can't do math.\" -\"I'm proud of you.\"
answer
\"I think you need to try harder.\"
question
In a study that examined the amount of time male and female newborns looked at human faces and at mobiles, results demonstrated that: -both male and female infants primarily looked at mobiles. -both male and female infants primarily looked at faces. -male infants looked longer at mobiles and female infants looked longer at faces. -female infants looked longer at mobiles and male infants looked longer at faces.
answer
male infants looked longer at mobiles and female infants looked longer at faces.
question
Ethological theorists hypothesize that the play preferences of males and females are due to: -parents' encouragement. -evolved predispositions. -imprinting. -the desire to be like others of the same sex.
answer
evolved predispositions.
question
According to evolutionary psychologists, all of these situations are associated with the large size of the human brain (relative to body size) in comparison with other species EXCEPT: -birth occurring at a more mature stage of development. -increased social complexity. -prolonged period of immaturity and dependence. -high level of neural plasticity.
answer
birth occurring at a more mature stage of development.
question
The macrosystem involves the: -settings in which the child is not a direct participant. -temporal dimension. -general beliefs, values, customs, and laws of the larger society. -activities, roles, and relationships in which the child directly participates.
answer
general beliefs, values, customs, and laws of the larger society.
question
_____ is part of the macrosystem. -The societal belief that men should be breadwinners -A father's job loss -The societal shift in the employment status of women over the past decade -A mother's practice of taking her daughter to work on Take Your Daughter to Work Day
answer
The societal belief that men should be breadwinners
question
_____ is part of the chronosystem. - The societal belief that men should be breadwinners -A father's job loss -The societal shift in the employment status of women over the past decade -A mother's practice of taking her daughter to work on Take Your Daughter to Work Day
answer
The societal shift in the employment status of women over the past decade
question
The mesosystem involves the: - settings in which the child is not a direct participant. -general beliefs, values, customs, and laws of the larger society. -activities, roles, and relationships in which the child directly participates. -connections among the contexts in which the child directly participates.
answer
connections among the contexts in which the child directly participates.
question
The exosystem involves the: -settings in which the child is not a direct participant. -temporal dimension. -general beliefs, values, customs, and laws of the larger society. -connections among the contexts in which the child directly participates.
answer
settings in which the child is not a direct participant.
question
The age of the child is part of the _____ of the bioecological model. -mesosystem -microsystem -chronosystem -macrosystem
answer
chronosystem
question
Which factor associated with child maltreatment is within the child's exosystem? -poor parental self-esteem -difficult temperament -parental drug dependence -unemployment
answer
unemployment
question
The program implemented by Bugental in an experimental effort to prevent child maltreatment focused particularly on the: -mesosystem. -microsystem. -exosystem. -chronosystem.
answer
microsystem.
question
Media is located in which bioecological level? -exosystem -macrosystem -microsystem -mesosystem
answer
exosystem
question
Which is NOT a characteristic of children who use media screens heavily? -more advanced social skills -poorer grades -higher levels of obesity -lower arousal levels when viewing violence
answer
more advanced social skills
question
_____ is an example of a weapon against the negative effects of media on children that occurs at the macrosystem level. -Parental control of children's access -Community center programs aimed at children -School-based programs to educate children about the effects of media -Regulation of advertising
answer
Regulation of advertising
question
_____ is an example of an aspect of SES that occurs at the level of the exosystem. -Government policies -Employment status of parents -Neighborhood -Changes in types of jobs over time
answer
Employment status of parents
question
Which of these is NOT associated with growing up in an affluent family in comparison to growing up in a middle-class family? -increased substance abuse -increased anxiety -decreased feelings of maternal closeness -increased happiness
answer
increased happiness
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question
Traditional learning theorists emphasize the importance of _____ on children's development. - cognitive factors -internal forces -subjective experience -external factors
answer
external factors
question
The parents of 2-year-old Joshua are frustrated with his screaming when he wants something. Which scenario is an example of intermittent reinforcement? -His parents always give Joshua what he wants whether or not he screams. -His parents always give Joshua what he wants only when he screams. -Sometimes his parents give Joshua what he wants when he screams, and sometimes they refuse to give him what he wants when he screams. -His parents never give Joshua what he wants when he screams.
answer
Sometimes his parents give Joshua what he wants when he screams, and sometimes they refuse to give him what he wants when he screams.
question
Social learning theory emphasizes the importance of _____ as a mechanism of development. -imitation -punishment -contexts -reinforcement
answer
imitation
question
Bandura's theory did all of the following EXCEPT: - emphasize the role of cognitive aspects of learning. -hold that direct reinforcement is required for learning. -focus on the role of observations of others. -acknowledge the active role children play in their own development.
answer
hold that direct reinforcement is required for learning.
question
_____ theories are primarily concerned with children's ability to think and reason about their own and other people's thoughts, feelings, motives, and behavior. - Social learning - Ecological - Psychoanalytic -Social cognitive
answer
Social cognitive
question
Children who demonstrate a mastery orientation in response to failure: -tend to focus on their own evaluations of themselves rather than others' evaluations of them. -believe that intelligence is a fixed trait. -believe that they are smart in nearly all contexts. -give up when they experience failure.
answer
tend to focus on their own evaluations of themselves rather than others' evaluations of them.
question
A person who believes that intelligence can grow as a function of experience is considered by Dweck and her colleagues to have a(n) _____ theory of intelligence. -learning -entity -incremental -mastery
answer
incremental
question
A person who believes that intelligence is fixed is considered by Dweck and her colleagues to have a(n) _____ theory of intelligence. -learning -entity -incremental -mastery
answer
entity
question
According to the text, which type of praise or criticism would be MOST likely to be associated with children developing an incremental/mastery orientation in response to failure? -\"I think you need to try harder.\" -\"You're very smart at these problems.\" -\"You just can't do math.\" -\"I'm proud of you.\"
answer
\"I think you need to try harder.\"
question
In a study that examined the amount of time male and female newborns looked at human faces and at mobiles, results demonstrated that: -both male and female infants primarily looked at mobiles. -both male and female infants primarily looked at faces. -male infants looked longer at mobiles and female infants looked longer at faces. -female infants looked longer at mobiles and male infants looked longer at faces.
answer
male infants looked longer at mobiles and female infants looked longer at faces.
question
Ethological theorists hypothesize that the play preferences of males and females are due to: -parents' encouragement. -evolved predispositions. -imprinting. -the desire to be like others of the same sex.
answer
evolved predispositions.
question
According to evolutionary psychologists, all of these situations are associated with the large size of the human brain (relative to body size) in comparison with other species EXCEPT: -birth occurring at a more mature stage of development. -increased social complexity. -prolonged period of immaturity and dependence. -high level of neural plasticity.
answer
birth occurring at a more mature stage of development.
question
The macrosystem involves the: -settings in which the child is not a direct participant. -temporal dimension. -general beliefs, values, customs, and laws of the larger society. -activities, roles, and relationships in which the child directly participates.
answer
general beliefs, values, customs, and laws of the larger society.
question
_____ is part of the macrosystem. -The societal belief that men should be breadwinners -A father's job loss -The societal shift in the employment status of women over the past decade -A mother's practice of taking her daughter to work on Take Your Daughter to Work Day
answer
The societal belief that men should be breadwinners
question
_____ is part of the chronosystem. - The societal belief that men should be breadwinners -A father's job loss -The societal shift in the employment status of women over the past decade -A mother's practice of taking her daughter to work on Take Your Daughter to Work Day
answer
The societal shift in the employment status of women over the past decade
question
The mesosystem involves the: - settings in which the child is not a direct participant. -general beliefs, values, customs, and laws of the larger society. -activities, roles, and relationships in which the child directly participates. -connections among the contexts in which the child directly participates.
answer
connections among the contexts in which the child directly participates.
question
The exosystem involves the: -settings in which the child is not a direct participant. -temporal dimension. -general beliefs, values, customs, and laws of the larger society. -connections among the contexts in which the child directly participates.
answer
settings in which the child is not a direct participant.
question
The age of the child is part of the _____ of the bioecological model. -mesosystem -microsystem -chronosystem -macrosystem
answer
chronosystem
question
Which factor associated with child maltreatment is within the child's exosystem? -poor parental self-esteem -difficult temperament -parental drug dependence -unemployment
answer
unemployment
question
The program implemented by Bugental in an experimental effort to prevent child maltreatment focused particularly on the: -mesosystem. -microsystem. -exosystem. -chronosystem.
answer
microsystem.
question
Media is located in which bioecological level? -exosystem -macrosystem -microsystem -mesosystem
answer
exosystem
question
Which is NOT a characteristic of children who use media screens heavily? -more advanced social skills -poorer grades -higher levels of obesity -lower arousal levels when viewing violence
answer
more advanced social skills
question
_____ is an example of a weapon against the negative effects of media on children that occurs at the macrosystem level. -Parental control of children's access -Community center programs aimed at children -School-based programs to educate children about the effects of media -Regulation of advertising
answer
Regulation of advertising
question
_____ is an example of an aspect of SES that occurs at the level of the exosystem. -Government policies -Employment status of parents -Neighborhood -Changes in types of jobs over time
answer
Employment status of parents
question
Which of these is NOT associated with growing up in an affluent family in comparison to growing up in a middle-class family? -increased substance abuse -increased anxiety -decreased feelings of maternal closeness -increased happiness
answer
increased happiness
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What is the right structure for an essay
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A paragraph is a related group of sentences that develops one main idea. Each paragraph in the body of the essay should contain:
  • a topic sentence that states the main or controlling idea
  • supporting sentences to explain and develop the point you’re making
  • evidence from your reading or an example from the subject area that supports your point
  • analysis of the implication/significance/impact of the evidence finished off with a critical conclusion you have drawn from the evidence.