question

Whose dominant cognition theories have been used to structure education?

answer

Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky

question

Carly is given grapes and strawberries. When asked if she has more grapes or fruit, she responds, "I have more fruits." Carly is using the logical concept of:

answer

classification.

question

The logical principle that certain characteristics of an object remain the same even if other characteristics change is called:

answer

identity.

question

Piaget stressed the ______________, while Vygotsky stressed the _________________.

answer

child's own discovery of concepts; importance of instruction by others

question

Vygotsky's emphasis on the importance of culture teaching children:

answer

has been supported by research conducted throughout the world

question

Information-processing theory deals primarily with the ___________ of human thinking.

answer

mechanisms

question

__________ memory stores incoming stimulus information for a short period after it is received and then allows it to be processed.

answer

Sensory

question

What contributes to a child's ability to increase speed of thinking?

answer

a. playing video games b. ongoing myelination of neural axons c. participation in sports d. All of the answers are correct (x)

question

The typical American 10-year-old can identify more characters from the Harry Potter novels than members of the U.S. Senate can. This illustrates:

answer

how experience, current opportunity, and personal motivation affect the knowledge base

question

Which statement is true?

answer

Metacognition increases academic abilities in math, reading, writing, and science

question

A child's ability to speak formally or informally depending on the audience and the context is called:

answer

code-switching

question

Learning a second language is:

answer

easier if the first language is relatively close to it

question

The success of any educational program that teaches a majority language depends on:

answer

how much reading, writing, speaking, and listening is done in the home

question

The arrangement in which non-native English-speaking children are placed together and given an intensive course in basic English so that they can be educated in the same classroom as native English speakers is called:

answer

English as a second language

question

Of the following factors, which is related most directly to a child's language proficiency?

answer

early exposure to language

question

Throughout the world, ______ percent of 7-year-olds are in school.

answer

95

question

The United States:

answer

spends $8,000 annually per child in public elementary school

question

A federal project measuring achievement in reading, mathematics, and other subjects is the:

answer

National Assessment of Educational Progress.

question

A problem with the NAEP national standards is that:

answer

a. some states disagree with the teaching of phonics reading. b. some schools provide less instruction in subjects other than reading, writing, and arithmetic. c. some states disagree about what children should know and how they should learn it. d. All of the answers are correct. (x)

question

An obvious manifestation of the hidden curriculum is:

answer

the school's physical condition

question

Though there is disagreement on what, when, and how to teach, research shows that:

answer

parents, teachers, and political leaders believe that children are learning what they need

question

Which of the following is reported as a difference between the United States and Japanese educational systems?

answer

nationwide regulation of education policies in Japan

question

The two distinct reading methods are the ________ approach and the _______ approach.

answer

phonics; whole-language

question

According to research, the best way to teach reading is using:

answer

a. a systematic phonics approach in the early grades. b. the whole-language approach with students older than 9 when reading is connected to literature, history, and science. c. a variety of methods and strategies. d. All of the answers are correct.

question

In your text, the true story of Tilly Smith warning her mother of the impending tsunami that hit a Thailand beach demonstrates that:

answer

a. 10-year-olds are ready to learn and remember when knowledge is concrete and includes examples and active participation. b. 10-year-olds are ready to learn and remember when taught using cognitive learning skills and the whole-language reading approach. c. Tilly's teacher provided a good education. d. All of the answers are correct.

question

The 2001 No Child Left Behind federal law was enacted because:

answer

there was concern that American children were not learning enough.

question

When Piaget referred to concrete operations, he meant logic applied in situations that:

answer

involve building structures from smaller objects

question

When a child understands that steam created from boiling water condenses back into water, the child has learned the logical principle of _________

answer

reversibility

question

Studies of Brazilian street children confirmed Vygotsky's perspective in that:

answer

children with the best math skills had both formal schooling and street experience.

question

__________ memory retains an impression of a stimulus on a sensory organ.

answer

Sensory

question

Mechanisms that combine memory, processing speed, and knowledge to regulate the analysis and flow of information within the system are called:

answer

control processes.

question

Rob is taking a test. By answering the easy questions first so that he can devote most of his time to the more difficult questions, he is displaying:

answer

metacognition.

question

What must occur in order for metacognition to develop in children?

answer

Children must become better aware of what they know and what they need to learn.

question

During middle childhood, language advancement is best characterized by:

answer

using practical language with a variety of audiences

question

In contrast to language during the play years, school-age children's language:

answer

varies in tone, pronunciation, and sentence length

question

Total immersion refers to:

answer

teaching a second language by having all instruction in that language

question

What is the factor that most affects whether parents, school, and culture encourage bilingualism in children?

answer

socioeconomic status of the family and of the minority group

question

The strategy in which school subjects are taught in two languages is called:

answer

bilingual education.

question

A factor that impacts the level of a child's language skills is the:

answer

teacher's and parents' expectations of the child's ability to learn language

question

A characteristic of American education, unlike that in Australia, is that:

answer

the states have more control of what is taught and how it is taught

question

Among countries, a major difference in the education of children is:

answer

whether the parents, state, or federal government decide the curriculum

question

The unrecognized rules and priorities that influence a child's learning in school are called the:

answer

hidden curriculum

question

The international math and science assessment for fourth- and eighth-graders is called the:

answer

Trends in Math and Science Study

question

The 2003 TIMSS assessment of fourth-graders' mathematics achievement found the lowest rankings for nations that:

answer

had little history of universal fourth-grade education

question

A finding of international assessments is that:

answer

gender differences in performance are not uniform among the nations

question

As a result of changes like the No Child Left Behind Act in the United States and yutori kyoiko in Japan:

answer

each country's education system becomes closer to what the others had been

question

Children who learn the sound of each alphabet letter and combinations of letters to decipher simple words are learning to read by the _______ approach

answer

phonics

question

The Math Wars are a:

answer

disagreement between those who want more emphasis on teaching basic math skills and those who want emphasis on a broader, more conceptual understanding of the math

question

Historically, math instruction has ______________, while today many educators would like math instruction to _________________.

answer

involved memorizing math facts, rules, and processes; be more social interactive in discovery

question

Despite the many controversies about educating school-age children, the real issues probably involve

answer

differences in culture and values

question

Emma, who is in middle school, announces to her mother, "I am just as good in math as the smartest boy in my class." Emma is engaging in:

answer

social comparison

question

The practice of "no snitching" by middle-school children is an example of:

answer

the culture of children

question

A difference between the behaviors of middle-school children and younger children is that:

answer

middle-school children are able to engage in moral arguments.

question

Kohlberg would expect a child whose thought processes are egocentric to display moral reasoning:

answer

with a punishment and obedience orientation.

question

According to research, the most popular young American children are _________, and by fifth grade, the most popular are __________.

answer

kind and trustworthy; dominant and arrogant

question

According to a recent study, children from violent homes have:

answer

fewer close friends and are lonelier

question

Characteristics of bullying are:

answer

repeated, systematic attacks intended to harm a weaker person.

question

A review of research on successful ways to halt bullying found that:

answer

the whole school must change, not just the identified bullies.

question

Results of a recent research study on bullying that involved all third- to sixth-graders in six schools found that:

answer

the cultures of children and of schools resist change, making it difficult to stop bullying.

question

The latest research concludes that of all the environmental factors that influence the developing child:

answer

children raised together may not share the same home environment, thus contributing to the nonshared environmental factors being more influential.

question

The significant finding of recent research on monozygotic twins' behaviors and their mothers' emotional attitudes is that:

answer

parents can create a nonshared environment that influences a child's developing temperament.

question

School-age children thrive if the family:

answer

nurtures peer relationships.

question

A nuclear family consists of:

answer

a father, a mother, and their biological children under age 18 living in one household.

question

According to research, which of the following is true of family structure and function?

answer

Structure is intertwined with function.

question

Any comparison of the advantages of one family structure over another depends partly on the specific parents involved and partly on:

answer

the culture in which the family lives.

question

The fact that cohabiting French parents who share household and child-rearing tasks function better as a family and are less likely to separate than married American parents with equal responsibilities provides evidence that:

answer

unmarried French parents have less stress than married U.S. parents do.

question

Research indicates that chronic poverty or sudden loss of income in families leads to:

answer

anger and depression among adults, which makes them hostile toward their children.

question

A crucial factor necessary for school-age children to thrive is:

answer

harmony and stability in the home

question

According to a recent study of childhood stress, a stressor is more likely to become overwhelming when:

answer

the child experiences self-blame or personal threat.

question

Ten-year-old Julian's parents frequently yell and argue. He will more likely:

answer

feel lonely if he blames himself for his parents' fights.

question

The crisis of industry versus inferiority is part of which theory?

answer

psychoanalytic

question

A middle-school child's self-concept is greatly influenced by the:

answer

social comparisons of peers.

question

A middle-school child's self-concept:

answer

is no longer tied to the parents' perspective.

question

Which of the following is true of resilience?

answer

is no longer tied to the parents' perspective.

question

Which of the following is true of resilience?

answer

Resilience is dynamic.

question

Daily hassles:

answer

can accumulate to make other stresses more harmful.

question

A key aspect of a child's resilience is the child's ability to:

answer

develop friends, activities, and skills.

question

Psychosocially, one of the most important tasks of a middle-school child is to:

answer

learn how to get along with peers.

question

The difference in the psychosocial development of young children as compared to middle-school children is that:

answer

young children's egocentrism makes them less affected by another's acceptance or rejection.

question

The term "culture of children" means:

answer

the particular habits and styles reflecting rules and rituals that are distinct from those of adult society.

question

Eleven-year-old Eric raised thousands of dollars for Katrina disaster victims. He believes that his efforts will help to improve some victims' living conditions. He is demonstrating:

answer

social efficacy

question

The _______ level emphasizes rewards and punishments, while and the _______ level emphasizes moral principles.

answer

preconventional; postconventional

question

Kohlberg's view of children's development of moral reasoning was criticized because he:

answer

did not recognize the shift from adult to peer values.

question

Research on social acceptance among children indicates that:

answer

some children are well-liked, others aren't, and those in both groups change over time.

question

Rita, who is unpopular among her peers, frequently ridicules and antagonizes other children. Her behavior suggests that she is a(n):

answer

aggressive-rejected child.

question

The ability to regulate one's emotions and actions through effort, not simply through natural inclination, is referred to as:

answer

effortful control

question

Boys who bully tend to:

answer

use physical aggression.

question

Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus's program to reduce bullying included the interventions of:

answer

teaching students to befriend lonely children

question

Which of the following statements concerning bullying is true?

answer

a. Efforts to reduce bullying have rarely been successful. b. Programs to reduce bullying that appear to be good might actually be harmful. c. Intervention is less effective in the higher grades than in the younger grades. d. All of the statements are true.

question

Research on temperaments of monozygotic twins supports the finding that:

answer

a mother's emotional attitudes toward her twins are one factor that influences the twins' behaviors.

question

Family ____ refers to the legal and genetic relationships of related people living together, and family ____ refers to the way a family works to care for its members.

answer

structure; function

question

Which statement regarding family function and structure is true?

answer

Family function is independent of family structure.

question

The family structure that is most rapidly increasing in the U.S. is the:

answer

single father, divorced or never married

question

Research indicates that parents in nuclear families tend to:

answer

have personal and financial strengths that make them better parents.

question

According to your text, families who are very wealthy raise children with high rates of emotional problems. This is thought to be, in part, because:

answer

the children are spoiled.

question

According to research, children who experience many family transitions are more likely to:

answer

quit school.

question

Between ages 6 and 11, children show psychosocial maturation by their ability to:

answer

tell time and have set times for activities

question

What is illustrated by the schoolchild's saying: "Nobody likes me. Everybody hates me. Think I'll go eat worms."?

answer

concerns about inferiority

question

Children may experience lower academic achievement if they:

answer

have unrealistically high self-esteem.

question

A Hawaiian longitudinal study found that the resilience of poverty-stricken children whose parents were mentally unstable was most dependent on:

answer

a realistic goal orientation, persistence, and learned creativity.

question

Which of the following is an example of a "self-righting" potential?

answer

A child's use of religion

question

If children do not receive emotional support for a problem from parents, they:

answer

a. naturally try to deal with the problem. b. may turn to their friends or unrelated adults. c. may pray, especially when they are sad or angry. d. All of the above answers are correct.

question

A century ago:

answer

adolescence began later

question

The current average age of menarche among well-nourished girls is:

answer

12 years, 8 months.

question

An organic chemical substance produced by one body tissue and conveyed via the bloodstream to another body tissue is called a:

answer

hormone.

question

Puberty begins with a hormonal signal from the __________ to the _________.

answer

hypothalamus; pituitary glands

question

Which hormone causes the gonads to increase their production of sex hormones?

answer

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

question

Estrogens:

answer

and androgens are produced by the adrenal glands of both sexes.

question

Testosterone stimulates the rapid arousal of emotions, especially:

answer

anger.

question

The major influence on the age of onset of menarche is:

answer

genetic inheritance.

question

Environmental stress has been found to:

answer

result in earlier puberty.

question

Early-maturing boys:

answer

are more likely to join peer groups that rebel against laws and traditions.

question

The last part(s) of the body to be fully formed is (are) the:

answer

torso.

question

Which of the following is among the body changes in adolescence that increase physical endurance?

answer

The sitting heartbeat slows.

question

Why are adolescents less susceptible to respiratory ailments?

answer

The lymphoid system decreases in size.

question

What has the greatest influence on who a person's first sexual partner is?

answer

cultural norms

question

Which maturation sequence is especially problematic for adolescents?

answer

The limbic system matures before the prefrontal cortex does.

question

Adolescent brain development:

answer

progresses from back to front.

question

Teenagers are likely to experience sleep deprivation as a consequence of their:

answer

phase-delayed sleep-wake patterns.

question

Aborted teen pregnancies are more likely to result in complications because:

answer

the younger a woman is, the later in pregnancy she is likely to abort.

question

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is a sexually active teenager most likely to have?

answer

genital herpes

question

What is the most frequently reported disease?

answer

chlamydia

question

At what age is being a victim of sex abuse least likely?

answer

5

question

hich of the following statements about national differences in adolescent drug use is true?

answer

The countries with the least-restrictive drug laws have highest levels of teen drug use.

question

In the United States, what group uses the most drugs?

answer

European American teens

question

"Addiction" refers to:

answer

needing a drug to feel normal.

question

Which of the following attempts to decrease teen drug use appears to have been most effective?

answer

anti-smoking ad campaigns in Florida and California

question

Adolescence and infancy are different in that:

answer

adolescents are aware of the changes they are going through.

question

The first visible sign of puberty in girls is:

answer

the onset of breast growth.

question

The sequence of pubescence for girls begins with _________, whereas for boys it begins with ________.

answer

secondary sex characteristics; primary sex characteristics

question

Which of the following is another name for the sex glands?

answer

gonads

question

The route that many hormones follow to trigger the changes of puberty is called:

answer

the HPA axis.

question

The median age of menarche is lowest for:

answer

African American girls.

question

The secular trend:

answer

seems to have stopped in developed nations.

question

In what way does stress affect puberty?

answer

Stress increases the hormones that start puberty.

question

Fewer than half of all teenage girls consume the recommended amount of:

answer

iron.

question

The pubertal growth spurt:

answer

proceeds from the extremities to the core.

question

Jason is going through a growth spurt. The first observable evidence will likely be that:

answer

his fingers and toes lengthen.

question

During adolescence, the lungs will ____ in weight and the heart will _____ in size.

answer

triple; double

question

Like the muscle strength of typical adolescents, Joel's muscle strength will:

answer

double.

question

Which of the following best explains why sports injuries are common in adolescence?

answer

Both height and weight increase before the muscles have grown enough.

question

Which of the following is a primary sex characteristic?

answer

maturation of the testes

question

Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic?

answer

females take on more fat

question

Hormones are to age and experience as ________ is to ______________.

answer

limbic system; cortex

question

The maturing limbic system is particularly attuned to:

answer

strong immediate sensations.

question

Teenage pregnancy:

answer

is about half as common in the United States as it was 20 years ago.

question

Which STI is a sexually active teenager least likely to have?

answer

AIDS

question

Child sexual abuse:

answer

is most common just after puberty.

question

According to the Monitoring the Future study:

answer

high school seniors are more likely to report having used "other illicit drugs" than amphetamine.

question

The 2006 Monitoring the Future study reported that:

answer

25% of high school seniors were binge drinkers.

question

"Generational forgetting" refers to:

answer

each new generation forgetting what prior generations have learned about drugs.

question

Which is TRUE of project DARE?

answer

It has been found to have no impact on adolescent drug use.

question

When seeking to understand any single adolescent, the text cautions that one must keep ________ in mind.

answer

variability

question

Adolescent egocentrism make it difficult to:

answer

imagine another person's perspective.

question

At which of the following ages would you expect acute self-consciousness to be at its highest?

answer

12

question

The invincibility fable and the imaginary audience are both related to:

answer

adolescent egocentrism.

question

Which of the following causes teens to believe that they are constantly being judged by others?

answer

the imaginary audience

question

Of the following, which is the best example of a false conclusion caused by the imaginary audience?

answer

Janise is having a bad hair day and refuses to go to school.

question

Adolescent egocentrism:

answer

is not necessarily irrational.

question

Although concrete operational thinkers might succeed on the balance-scale test of formal reasoning, they are less likely to do so because of their reliance on:

answer

trial and error.

question

The individual who engages in hypothetical thought clearly demonstrates an understanding of the word:

answer

"if".

question

________________ is sometimes called "top-down thinking".

answer

Deductive reasoning

question

Eleventh-grader Omar can easily use deductive reasoning while:

answer

considering the ethics of euthanasia.

question

Which theory proposes that advances in thinking reflect biological changes?

answer

epigenetic

question

Piaget's findings that an adolescent's reasoning power suddenly advanced soon after puberty:

answer

have been found to be partially true; the changes are not as sudden as he believed.

question

What type of thought involves the rational analysis of many factors whose interactions must be calculated?

answer

analytical

question

"Throwing good money after bad" is a phrase often used when we put more and more money into something that really was not worth it in the first place. Which of the following best explains why we often do not choose to "cut our losses"?

answer

sunk cost fallacy

question

"Secondary education" refers to:

answer

grades 7 through 12.

question

Maria is in middle school and lashes out aggressively when she does not get her way. The other girls:

answer

admire her.

question

Today's "digital divide":

answer

separates young from old.

question

What can schools do to facilitate adolescent learning?

answer

take steps to minimize stress

question

In contrast to the effects of diversity in middle school, diversity in high school appears to have a(n) _________ effect.

answer

alienating

question

According to a 2003 study, which country's 15-year-olds have the highest problem-solving scores?

answer

Korea

question

Which of the following factors has been shown to have a significant effect on problem-solving scores in the United States?

answer

single-parent family

question

High schools today:

answer

require most students to take two years of math beyond algebra.

question

In which of the following countries are 100% of those aged 11 to 18 enrolled in school?

answer

Japan

question

How many high school students in the United States attend schools with enrollments of more than 1,000 students?

answer

2/3

question

Which characteristic of adolescent thought is demonstrated when a teen fails to recognize that others may neither care about nor share her opinions?

answer

adolescent egocentrism

question

In contrast to the egocentrism seen in early childhood, the egocentric adolescent is more likely to:

answer

have an inaccurate understanding of what others may think.

question

When Ramon has had several beers and insists on driving his friends home, he is most likely displaying:

answer

the invincibility fable.

question

Which characteristic of adolescent cognition best explains why those under 20 are more likely to volunteer for military service and have a desire to be sent into combat?

answer

the invincibility fable

question

Julie is obsessed with how others will react to her behavior and appearance. It takes her several hours to dress in the morning as she considers what both her friends and her enemies will think of her. Julie's behavior reflects the power of:

answer

the imaginary audience.

question

Recent research on adolescent egocentrism suggests that:

answer

many adolescents do not feel invincible.

question

Formal operational thought allows the adolescent to be able to:

answer

multiply unreal numbers.

question

Which of the following statements about hypothetical-deductive thought is true?

answer

Hypothetical-deductive thought allows one to consider propositions that may or may not reflect reality.

question

Hypothetical thought:

answer

may complicate reflection about serious issues.

question

After explaining operant conditioning, Dr. Snark asked students to identify examples of operant conditioning and to design a study that used the principles of this form of learning. In order to accomplish these tasks, her students would use:

answer

deductive reasoning.

question

Which theory proposes that changes from the thinking of a child and to the thinking of an adolescent occur gradually?

answer

information-processing

question

The "dual-process model" of adolescent thought means that:

answer

intuitive thinking and advanced reasoning are counterbalanced.

question

Intuitive thought is also referred to as:

answer

contextualized.

question

High levels of emotion:

answer

slow down rational thinking.

question

Teenagers' logic tends to improve with:

answer

age.

question

When it comes to religion:

answer

most adolescents feel close to God.

question

According to a study by Smith (2005), what percentage of adolescents report that they are not religious?

answer

16

question

The "low ebb" of learning refers to:

answer

the first year of middle school.

question

The findings of a study of middle-school students in Los Angeles suggest that __________ makes students feel safer and less lonely.

answer

having someone to blame

question

The first year of a new school often correlates with:

answer

increased bullying and decreased achievement.

question

Which of the following factors has been shown to have a significant effect on problem-solving scores in Iceland?

answer

gender

question

In high-stakes testing situations, students are typically given:

answer

a single test to determine success or failure

question

High-stakes testing as a requirement for high school graduation has resulted in:

answer

fewer students graduating.

question

According to teachers in Australia, students in which grades are most likely to pose a problem because they "do nothing"?

answer

grades 11 and 12

question

Which of the following has been found to increase school violence?

answer

installing metal detectors

question

A consistent definition of one's self as a unique person who has certain roles, attitudes, beliefs, and aspirations is called:

answer

identity.

question

Which of the following factors is most likely to influence an adolescent?

answer

friends

question

Understanding oneself based on past experiences and future plans is called ________, and lack of commitment to any goals or values is called __________.

answer

identity achievement; identity diffusion

question

In achieving full identity, an adolescent should understand his or her goals and values regarding:

answer

a. religion and sex. b. politics and ethnicity. c. vocation. d. All of the answers are correct.

question

______ refers to a person's self-definition as male or female and _______ refers to a person's erotic desires.

answer

Gender identity; sexual orientation

question

Adolescents establish an ethnic identity:

answer

a. at about age 15. b. to connect with their ethnic group history. c. to blend their parents' perspective and their own experiences. d. All of the answers are correct.

question

Research suggests that:

answer

working 20 or more hours while attending high school impedes identity formation.

question

Teens are less likely to abuse drugs, leave school, and take unnecessary risks when:

answer

they feel valued by their communities.

question

Tom and his mother constantly argue about Tom's not wearing a clean shirt every day. They are: a. ridiculing.

answer

bickering.

question

Which statement is correct concerning parent-adolescent relationships?

answer

Family conflict varies among cultures and family customs in every nation.

question

Mr. Sanchez gives the car keys to his son and asks, "Who are you going with to the movies and what time will you be home?" This questioning is an example of:

answer

parental monitoring.

question

Adolescents who group themselves:

answer

help bridge the gap between childhood and adulthood.

question

Teens who select as their most admired peers those who are doing drugs, are:

answer

demonstrating a strong independence.

question

A factor that pushes immigrant teens toward extremes of either obedience or rebellion is:

answer

a wide discrepancy between the family maintaining traditional practices and the teens' hostile environment.

question

Friends are especially important to immigrant youth because:

answer

they help the immigrant teen to defend against attacks and avoid physical fights.

question

High school romances:

answer

rarely last more than a year.

question

Teenagers who take a "virginity pledge" with their church friends:

answer

are more likely to marry and have children after high school graduation.

question

Parents are more likely to discuss sex with their child when:

answer

the child is a girl.

question

As reported in 2005, the current sexual behavior of American teens is that:

answer

half of all teens had sexual intercourse by age 16, which is later than a decade ago.

question

The rate of teen pregnancy is highest in:

answer

the United States.

question

Depression among adolescents is:

answer

more common in females than in males.

question

Which of the following statements is true concerning adolescent suicide?

answer

Suicidal ideation is common among adolescents, but completed suicides are not.

question

Which is one of the four most influential factors that may lead to thoughts of suicide?

answer

access to alcohol and drugs

question

Most longitudinal studies on adolescent destructiveness conclude that:

answer

increased anger at puberty is normal and expressed in acceptable ways.

question

A characteristic of adolescence-limited offenders is that:

answer

they tend to break the law with their friends.

question

During adolescence, psychosocial development is primarily a search to answer the question:

answer

"Who am I?"

question

Almost always, adolescents seek an identity that is:

answer

honest and self-assured.

question

Erikson's term for an adolescent who sleeps too much, cares little about school, and is indifferent to parental criticism is:

answer

identity diffusion.

question

When 16-year-old Vu agreed with his parents that his career would be to continue the family business, he was exhibiting:

answer

foreclosure.

question

Lety enjoys attending the youth activities at both her parents' church and her friend's church. She doesn't seem to have a clear understanding of her religious faith. She is demonstrating:

answer

diffusion in her religious identity.

question

Which type of identity does society expect teenagers to postpone making a commitment to?

answer

religious identity

question

Today, vocational identity is postponed because:

answer

many vocations require specialized skills that take years to attain.

question

A key developmental asset that predicts positive youth outcomes is having:

answer

supportive non-parent adult relationships.

question

Parent and adolescent conflicts:

answer

occur when a child's drive for independence clashes with the parents' supervision and control.

question

Adolescents are said to have closeness with family when:

answer

there is open communication, support, emotional connectedness, and parental control.

question

Concerning parental control, it is best to:

answer

provide effective parenting before the teen years

question

A clique is a:

answer

group of close friends who are loyal to one another and who exclude outsiders.

question

Applied to adolescent peer relationships, "facilitation" refers to the way that peers:

answer

encourage each other to do things that none would do on his or her own.

question

Which immigrant youth seem to experience more discrimination from other adolescents and to suffer from lower self-esteem than other immigrant groups do?

answer

Asian

question

In describing the sequence of male-female relationships, Dunphy found the _______ phase of adolescent heterosexual association to immediately precede the final pairing of couples.

answer

small mixed-sex groups

question

Today, among adolescents, identifying one's sexual orientation:

answer

may be less important and thus less acknowledged by today's youth.

question

Children who honestly discuss sex with their parents:

answer

avoid pressure to have sex.

question

The best sex-education programs are those that:

answer

start before high school, require parent-child communication, focus on behavior, and last for years.

question

Which statement regarding teen pregnancy is true?

answer

Rates of teen pregnancy are lower in European countries than in the United States.

question

Research has shown that loss of confidence during adolescence:

answer

is experienced by both sexes.

question

Two causes and signs of depression in adolescence are:

answer

genetic vulnerability and a depressed mother when the adolescent was an infant.

question

A cognitive explanation for girls having higher rates of depression than boys is that:

answer

girls tend to ruminate more than boys do.

question

Many people think that adolescent suicide is common because:

answer

the adolescent suicide rate is higher than it was 40 years ago.

question

One reason why adolescent suicides have decreased since 1990 may be that:

answer

there is more effective use of antidepressants.

question

Early neurological impairments increase the risk of a child becoming a(n) _________, and a teen experiencing a negative psychosocial development is at greater risk of becoming a(n) ___________.

answer

life-course-persistent offender; adolescent-limited offender

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