PS101 Chapter 4 Questions – Flashcards
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While in the middle of a conversation with his co-worker, Jackson unexpectedly slipped into a state of sleep, falling to the floor as he lost control of all the muscles in his body. Jackson appears to have a condition called ____.
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Narcolepsy
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Calvin told his therapist that he wanted to stop smoking. During the next visit, Calvin's therapist directed Calvin to focus deeply on the sound of his voice. He then told Calvin to relax and that he would soon begin to feel tired. As Calvin's eyes began to close, he was told to do a number of other things to which Calvin complied. By the end of the session, Calvin no longer craved cigarettes. What happened?
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Calvin allowed himself to be hypnotized
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Research, as well as anecdotal reports from many people, suggest that the single best cure for a hangover (the next-day symptoms that result from drinking too much alcohol) is:
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Drinking fluids and sleep.
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Both marijuana and hashish contain:
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Cannabinoids
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A hallucination that happens just as a person is in the between-state of being in REM sleep and not-yet-fully awake is:
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A hypnopompic hallucination
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Which statement about sleep apnea is true?
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The person experiencing sleep apnea may stop breathing for 10 seconds or more
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Sleep apnea has been shown to cause:
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Heart problems
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A hypnic jerk is likely to occur during:
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N1 (R&K Stage 1)
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In the early stages of sleep, ___ waves appear.
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Theta
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A sudden loss of muscle tone is called:
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Cataplexy
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David often experiences "sleep seizures" during the day. He probably suffers from:
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Narcolepsy
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The real inquiry into the process of dreaming was begun by:
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Freud
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According to researchers, men tend to:
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Have more physical aggression in their dreams than women
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When under the influence of a stimulant, you are likely to be in a state of:
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Increased alertness
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Driving and talking on a cellphone at the same time is an example of a state of:
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Divided consciousness
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____ dependence is the most common in the United States after alcohol and nicotine.
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Cannabis
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Ecstasy is classified as a:
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Stimulatory hallucinogenic
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____ causes dehydration and a rise in body temperature.
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MDMA
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For which of the following would hypnosis probably be most effective?
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Controlling pain
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Freud used dreams as a way to get at patients':
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Unconscious conflicts stemming from childhood
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If your psychoanalyst tells you that your emergence from a bathtub in your dream is symbolic of being born, she is talking about your dream's:
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Latent content
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If you are dreaming that a monster is chasing you, the monster is the:
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Manifest content
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In a(n) ____ view, consciousness is generated by a set of action potentials in the communication among neurons just sufficient to produce awareness.
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Cognitive neuroscience
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After taking medication for his back, Todd's thoughts become fuzzy and disorganized. Todd is in a state of:
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Altered consciousness
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S0-called supernatural visitations can be explained by hypnogogic hallucinations common during:
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N1 (R&K Stage 1)
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Janice is dreaming about walking her dog. However, in her dream, her dog is flying, the sidewalk is moving, and she has no awareness that this activity is odd. Janice is probably in ____ sleep.
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REM
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If the brain-wave pattern of a person playing a professional game of chess was recorded using an EEG, what type of brain waves would most likely be detected?
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Beta
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Predators such as lions sleep ____ their prey, the gazelle.
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More hours per day than
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Which of the following is true about REM sleep?
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It is when 90 percent of dreams occur
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As ____ accumulates in the body, a person will begin to feel sleepy.
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Melatonin
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Nearly ____ percent of a baby's sleep is REM, compared to about ____ percent for a normal, healthy adult.
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50;20
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_____ has been used as a successful defense in some murder trials.
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REM behavior disorder
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The ____ theory of sleep says that sleep is a product of evolution.
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Adaptive
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The heart rate slows, breathing becomes more shallow and irregular, and an EEG would show the first signs of sleep spindles in:
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N2 (R&K Stage 2)
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Night terrors are experienced:
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During deep non-REM sleep
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A person with sleep apnea would experience which of the following symptoms?
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Breathing pauses during sleep, many times per hour
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What causes sleep apnea?
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blocked breathing passages
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Which is the most common sleep disorder?
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Insomnia
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How is insomnia best treated?
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Caffeine and alcohol reduction and increase in exercise
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Chronic sleep deprivation is linked to which of the following?
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Anxiety and depression
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What does it mean to "pull an all-nighter"?
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Stay up all night studying
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Our ability to learn and form memories is greatly inhibited by
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Sleep deprivation
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When we are tired, our ability to ____ is seriously impaired.
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Focus
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According to studies conducted at Harvard Medical School and Trent University, students who were well rested consistently showed marked improvement in ____ over students who were sleep deprived.
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Learning a new skill
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In a study on sleep deprivation, Dr. Smith of Trent University in Canada found that college students who stayed out late partying on Friday night _____.
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Lost 30% of the information they learned in classes just two days earlier
