Physical Science Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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A fluid's resistance to flow is called its
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viscosity
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The scale that uses 32 degrees as its freezing point for water
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Fahrenheit
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The instrument that measures temperature is called a
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Thermometer
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The scale that uses 0 degrees as its freezing point for water.
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Celsius
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The scale that uses absolute 0 as the coldest temperature possible is
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Kelvin
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the flow of thermal energy form one place to another is called
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heat
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when two objects with different temperatures touch, thermal energy moves form the hotter to the cooler object in the process called
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conduction
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Electromagnetic energy moves in space through the process of
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Radiation
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when thermal energy is carried from one location to another by a fluid its called
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convection
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Some materials rather tahn being good conductors seem to hold thermal energy at bay as
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insulators
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Which of the following is a good conductor of electricity
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water
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which of he following is a good insulator for electricity
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rubber
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Stationary electricity is also called
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static
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Lightning strikes on the earth about (#) times a day
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100
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A device used to protect buildings from lightning is called
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Lightning rod
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modern charge storing devices are
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capacitors
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electricity that involves continuously moving charges is called
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electric current
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a _________ consists of one or more electromagnetic cells that supply elections released by a chemical reaction
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battery
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Current that flows in one direction through a conductor is called
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direct current
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the path that the current flows is called
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electric path
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we are able to open or close a circuit by opening or closing a gap in current path by using a
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switch
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a device that can change the voltage within portions of a circuit is called a
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Resistor
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photovoltaic devices are also called
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solar cells
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a _________ is basically one or more coils of wire rotated in a magnetic field by some form of prime mover such as a motor or turbine powered by steam, water, or wind.
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generator
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resistence is measured in
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ohms
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When loads are connected one after another on the same path it is called a
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series circuit
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Electrical energy is dispensed and billed in units called
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Kilowatt hours
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Loads connected in separate branches of the circuit are called
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parallel circuit
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older homes with original wiring may use these as protective devices
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fuses
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Newer houses use these as protective devices
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Circuit breakers
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The rounded third prong on a standard plug is the ______ device
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ground
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the highest point of a wave is
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crest
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the length of a wave cycle is the
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wave length
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the time it takes for a system to complete one cycle is called its
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period
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Periodic changes that transmit energy from one place to another are called
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waves
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the rate at which cycles repeat is called the
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frequency
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each repeated motion of a period is called a ______ and takes the same amount of time
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Cycle
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the lowest point of a wave is called the
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tough
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a pendulum is at its ____ __________ when it hangs straight down
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rest position
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a single wave cycle or a very short burst of waves is called a
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pulse
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a mass attached to an arm at a pivot point that swings under the influence of gravity is called a
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pendulum
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what part of the ear is the mos intricate and least understood part of the ear? It contains two fluid filled organs: the semi-circular canals and the cochlea
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inner ear
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what part of the ear helps us determine the direction of a sound's source by blocking sounds coming from behind?
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outer ear
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a room/building's effect on sound is called
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acoustics
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_____ was used on boats of the world wars to detect enemy submarines
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sonar
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what part of the ear consists of the eardrum and three bones called the hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup?
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middle ear
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331.4 mi/sec
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the speed of sound
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the process of making sound louder is called
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acoustic amplification
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that which can be defected by our ears is known as
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sound
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multiple of echos of a sound formed when it refelcts off distant surfaces is called
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reverberations
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The response of our ear to the intensity of a sound wave is called
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loudness
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what type of instruments include violins, cells, guitars, and ukeleles?
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stringed instruments
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loudness is measured in units called
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decibels
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the boxlike structure at the top of the trachea is called teh
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larynx
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soundwaves that have frequencies above the range audible to humans are called
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ultrasonic
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when either the sound maker or the sound listener moves relative to the other , the ______ effect goes into action
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doppler
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how high or low an audible tone sounds to the human ear
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pitch
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It has tines that vibrate which set up sound waves in air
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tuning fork
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the large flat muscle that forms the floor of the chest cavity
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diaphragm
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a drum is an example of a __________ instruments
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percussion
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Two flat pieces of mucous membrane tissue stretching across the upper portion of eh larynx are called
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vocal cords
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the human voice has amazing flexibility that we call
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range
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what type of instrument includes the horns such as trumpet, french horn, trombone, and tuba
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brass
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what is used in the medical field to produce a picture of a developing fetus
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ultra sound
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we make judgements on whether a sound is pleasant or not based on it s
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quality
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the term atom comes form the greek word "atomos" which means
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indivisible
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the positively charged particle in the nucleus
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proton
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the negatively charged particle in the nucleus
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electron
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the particle within the nucleus that has no charge is teh
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neutron
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each kind of atom has a distinctive number of protons in its nucleus. this number is called the
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atomic number
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electrons in the outer most energy level are known as the atoms
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isotope
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a region where an electron with certain amount of energy is most likely to be found is called an
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energy level
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electrons in the outermost energy level are known as the atom's
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valence electrons
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the rays and particles emitted by unstable nuclei is nuclear
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radiation
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there are three main kinds of "rays" of nuclear radiation they are
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alpha beta gamma
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one way to attempt to determine the age of certain fossils is by using
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carbon 14
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the splitting of the atom's nucleus is called nuclear
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Fission
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the process of bombarding small nuclei to form larger ones is called nuclear
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fusion
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the number on top of the element in the periodic table is called
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the atomic number
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the element that is used in the lights on broadway is
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neon
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What element is worth alot in its natural state (element, symbol)
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gold,Au
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what is not a member of the noble gas family? -neon -oxygen -helium -hallium
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oxygen
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Potassium (symbol)
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K
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how many elements are there in the periodic table
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More than 100
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which element really doesn't belong in any of the "Families"?
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hydrogen
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C is the symbol for
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Calcium
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All metals except _______ are solids at room temp
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mercury
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Which of the following are radioactive? -radium -Plutonium -Uranium
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all
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which is not a metal? aluminum, argon, mercury, or tin?
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argon
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which is not a gas? tungsten, flourine, oxygen, radon
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tungsten
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the substance that sound moves through is called the
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medium
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which instrument is considered a keyboard instrument? piano, organ, both, or neither
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both
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when two objects with opposite charges approach each other they are
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attracted
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there are two types of cells for batteries
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dry and wet
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electrical current is measured in a unit called the
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ampere
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elements that have properties somewhere between a metal and a nonmetal are
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metalloids
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