Pharm NUR 106 (1) – Flashcards
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a patient is having difficulty remembering to take a prescribed drug three times a day. What form of the drug should the health care professional recommend to increase adherence?
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EXTENDED RELEASE CAPSULE
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A health care professional is preparing to administer a parenteral drug to a patient. Which of the following drugs is he preparing to give? - acetaminophen (Tylenol) via rectal suppository -albuterol (Proventil) via inhaler -heparin via subcutaneous injection
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-HEPARIN VIA SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION
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A health care professional is talking with a female patient who is taking captopril (Capoten), an ACE inhibitor, for hypertension. The health care professional informs the patient that captopril is a teratogenic drug. Tertogenic drugs can cause?
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FETAL MALFORMATION AND BIRTH DEFECTS. (Women should not take them during pregnancy)
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A health care professional is caring for a patient who is receiving nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) IV and is changing to the oral form of the drug. The health care professional should recognize that the oral dose will be higher than the IV does because?
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DECREASED BIOAVAILABILITY BECAUSE OF THE FIRST-PASS EFFECT BY THE LIVER (Enzymes in the liver metabolize drugs, making less of the drug available for use by the body)
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A health care professional obtaining a patient's health history discovers that the patient takes loratadine (Claritin) an over-the-counter drug. What is correct about these over the counter drugs?
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-THEY DO NOT REQUIRE SUPERVISION OF A HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL -THEY CAN INTERACT WITH OTHER DRUGS -THEY SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE DRUG HISTORY ASSESSMENT
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A health care professional is talking about drugs that have a small margin of safety to a patient who is taking phenytoin (Dilantin). The health care professional should include what information?
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-PERIODIC LAB TESTS ARE ESSENTIAL TO MEASURE SERUM DRUG LEVELS -MONITORING FOR INDICATIONS OF TOXICITY IS IMPORTANT -TAKING THE SMALLEST EFFECTIVE DOSE IS CRUCIAL
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A health care professional is obtaining a patient's health history. The patient states that he has no allergies but developed some mild itching while taking amoxicillin (Amoxil). What should the health care professional explain to the patient?
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-ITCHING CAN INDICATE A HYPERSENSITIVTY TO AMOXICILLIN
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A health care professional is preparing to explain how to take care of a newly created colostomy to a patient. The health care professional should recognize that which factors can decrease the patient's ability to learn?
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-COGNITIVE LEVEL -LANGUAGE -COMFORT LEVEL -READINESS TO LEARN
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A health care professional is caring for a patient who is taking acetaminophen (Tylenol), a nonopioid analgesic, and codeine, an opioid agonist. These drugs interact together causing an additive effect. What are characteristic of additive drug interacions?
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-PATIENTS CAN ACHIEVE DESIRED EFFECTS WITH THE USE OF LOWER DOSAGES -BOTH DRUGS HAVE SIMILAR ACTIONS
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Which of the following describes drugs that are in pregnancy risk category D? -are safe to take during the first trimester of pregnancy -require the use of contraception by women of childbearing age -can cause fetal malformation -can pass through the umbilical cord or the placenta to the fetus -require weighing potential benefits against possible risks
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-require the use of contraception by women of childbearing age -can cause fetal malformation -can pass through the umbilical cord or the placenta to the fetus -require weighing potential benefits against possible risks
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Infants are at risk for drug toxicity due to?
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-decreased live enzymes -reduced kidney perfusion -reduced liver perfusion
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A patient who is postpartum and is breastfeeding asks a health care professional about what effects taking over-the-counter drugs will have on her newborn. What should the health care professional consider when recommending a drug for the patient?
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-the newborns weight -how much breast milk the newborn consumes each day -whether or not the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the newborn -the properties of the drug
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When talking to a patient about taking vancomycin (Vancocin), the health care professional explains the need to check periodic blood levels of the drug to monitor serum peak and trough. Peak and trough levels help monitor?
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-drug toxicity -minimum effect dose -constant therapeutic level
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A health care professional is explaining the adverse effects of digoxin (Lanoxin) to a patient. What is an adverse effect of this drug?
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Cardiac dysthrythmias
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When talking to a patient about taking naproxen (EC-Naprosyn), enteric-coated tablets, what information should the health care professional include?
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Do not crush or chew the tablet
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A health care professional is talking to a patient about giving the correct dose of acetaminophen (Tylenol) to the patient's infant. The health care professional explains that infants can absorb certain drugs at different rates than adults. What is a physiologic characteristic of infants that can alter drug absorption?
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Delayed gastric emptying
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A health care professional is caring for a patient who has a history of renal insufficiency and is taking lithium carbonate (Lithobid). The health care professional should monitor?
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drug toxicity
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A patient is about to start taking amoxicillin (Amoxill) to treat an ear infection. You instruct the patient to monitor and report???
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Rash
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You are administering gentamicin for treatment of a respiratory tract infection. Instruct the patient to monitor and report what adverse effects of gentamicin?
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tinnitus (hearing loss)
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an inhibitor of cell-wall synthesis, treats MRSA
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Vancomycin (Vancocin)
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treats protozoal infections (trichomoniasis and amebiasis as well as some bacterial infections)
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Metronidazole (Flagyl)
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a polyene antibiotic that reats systemic candidiasis and infections other fungi cause.
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Amphotericin B (Fungizone)
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treats malaria
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Chlorquine (Aralen)
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a patient is prescribed oral tetracycline treatment of acne vulgaris. When telling the patient about tetracycline what should you include?
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report mouth pain take 1 hr before meals wear sunscreen and protective clothing
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Be sure to administer imipenem-cilastatin (Primaxin) cautiously with patients who have?
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seizure disorder
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A patient is about to start taking trimethoprim/sulfarnethoxazole (Bactrim) to treat UTI. You should instruct the patient to report what indications of serious adverse effect of this drug?
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sore throat
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when talking with a patient about starting antituberculosis treatment with rifampin (Rifadin), be sure to instruct the patient to report what possible indication of a serious adverse effect of this drug?
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Jaundice
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a broad-spectrum azole antifungal drug, treats various types of fungal infections, both systemic and superficial
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Ketoconazole
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an antiviral drug, treats a wide variety infections, including herpes simplex, varicella zoster, and cytomegalovirus.
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acyclovir (zovirax)
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a first-generation cephalosporin, is especially effective against gram-positive bacteria, such as staphylococci and non-enterococcal strepococci.
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CEPHALEXIN (Keflex)
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an antimycobacterial drug that treats TB
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isoniazid (INH)
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a patient is prescribed ketoconazole to treat systemic mycoses. You should include what when instructing the patient about taking this drug?
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take it with food to reduce gastric distress take it with 8oz of orange juice to increase absorption
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What intervention should you implement to prevent a serious adverse reaction in patients receiving IV acyclovir (Zovirax)?
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increase the patients fluid intake
