question

Which of the following is an element of the informal organization?

answer

a. values

question

Which of the following statements is true concerning change?

answer

Global competition is the leading force driving change at work.

question

Power distance is:

answer

d. the degree to which a culture accepts unequal distribution of power.

question

In organizational justice, distributive justice:

answer

a. concerns the fairness of outcomes individuals receive.

question

Which of the following is not a basic proposition of interactional psychology?

answer

. A person is changed by situations, rather than changing situations.

question

Type theory states that introverts:

answer

c. have excellent social skills but prefer the internal world of ideas, thoughts, and concepts.

question

Identify the five major barriers to social perception.

answer

c. selective perception, stereotyping, first-impression error, projection and self-fulfilling prophecies

question

Cognitive dissonance is caused by a conflict between:

answer

b. attitudes and behavior.

question

The correspondence between attitudes and behaviors doesn't depend on:

answer

d. selective perception.

question

Which of the following individual qualities is not required in ethical decision making?

answer

Dependence on a supervisor to always tell you what is right.

question

Which of the following is a level of cognitive moral development?

answer

a. the premoral level

question

Herzberg's hygiene factors relate to:

answer

. both job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction.

question

The manifest needs as identified by McClelland include

answer

achievement, affiliation, and power.

question

In studying motivational theories, we are learning that:

answer

c. achievement is more of a motivator for Americans than for other nationalities.

question

Classical conditioning is:

answer

modifying behavior so that a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and elicits an unconditioned response.

question

________ results from inaccurate definition of the expected job performance.

answer

b. Invalidity

question

5 A process of self-motivation and evaluations by a manager, peers, and possibly customers is known as?

answer

b. 360 degree feedback

question

6 In attribution theory, a non-performing employee's internal attribution might include:

answer

b. lack of commitment.

question

Silence as a response has:

answer

b. value for the listener who needs to sort out thoughts.

question

3 Problem solving and decision making are often examples of

answer

d. two-way communication.

question

Which of the following statements about barriers to communication is TRUE?

answer

c. They include gender differences and language.

question

The most simplistic name for two or more people having common interests or objectives is a ________.

answer

b. group

question

The "interpersonal glue" that helps work groups stay together is known as:

answer

c. group cohesion.

question

Teams are very useful when:

answer

b. the tasks are interrelated.

question

Responsibilities of a team leader, in contrast to a manager, include:

answer

d. hands-on skills of direct involvement and full membership in the team.

question

Escalation of commitment:

answer

is simply hanging on to a poor decision.

question

________ is a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment resulting from in-group pressures.

answer

b. Groupthink

question

Which tactic is an American manager most likely to use when dealing with a tardy employee?

answer

c. If you don't start reporting on time for work, I will have to cut your pay.

question

________ is the belief that one has the ability to do a job well.

answer

b. Self-determination

question

The main difference between a leader and a manager is that:

answer

leaders are advocates for change, and managers for the status quo.

question

On the Leadership Grid, a manager who has a medium concern for people and production is a(n):

answer

b. organization man manager.

question

Which of the following ideas are associated with Fiedler's contingency theory?

answer

Leaders are classified using an assessment tool called Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) scale.

question

According to the Situational Leadership model, a ________ style is characterized by high task behavior and high relationship behavior.

answer

d. selling

question

Which of the following is one of the competencies that make up emotional intelligence?

answer

a. empathy

question

A dynamic follower is one who:

answer

b. practices self-management.

question

________ conflict occurs when a person experiences conflict among the multiple roles in his or her life.

answer

c. Interrole

question

Which of the following statements best describes our understanding of the "avoidance approach" to conflict?

answer

d. It is all right to use this approach when issues seem trivial.

question

6 In order to create a conflict-positive organization, there are many interrelated steps to follow. They include which of the following?

answer

a. Empower employees to feel confident and skillful.

question

Scientific management emphasized:

answer

b. work simplification.

question

Which of the following job core characteristics does NOT directly relate to meeting the needs of a critical psychological state?

answer

c. rate of pay

question

The mechanics approach to job design emphasizes:

answer

c. a lower chance of mental overload.

question

The idea of placing human consideration at the center of job design is called:

answer

d. anthropocentric.

question

The characteristics which appropriately impact the design of an organization's design processes are known as:

answer

b. contextual variables.

question

In comparing the organizational design needs of the small organization and the large organization, which of the following is a consideration for the small organization?

answer

c. more centralization

question

In Perrow's study of the impact of technology on organization design, he considered all but which of the following elements?

answer

d. The span of control in an organization as a whole.

question

6 There are several things that can assist a large organization to decentralize, including:

answer

specialization of products/market/technology.

question

The most visible and accessible level of culture is:

answer

c. artifacts.

question

Which statement is TRUE about espoused values?

answer

. They are what members say they are.

question

Which one of the following is NOT one of the five major elements in a managing culture?

answer

d. How well leaders know their employees.

question

Change and acquisition is:

answer

a. when the newcomer begins to master the demands of the job.

question

It is the position of the authors, Nelson and Quick, that:

answer

c. adapting, flexibility, and responsiveness are desirable hallmarks in change management.

question

Powerful external forces for change do not include:

answer

d. bureaucratic guidelines.

question

5 Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in Lewin's change model?

answer

a. freezing

question

Which of the following is true of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

answer

Maslow believed that humans were creative beings seeking self-actualization.

question

All of the following are factors that are necessary in the communication process EXCEPT

answer

A) trust

question

Job rotation is used primarily to

answer

keep employees from getting bored

question

Which of the following is NOT thought to be a determinant of personality?

answer

emotional intelligence

question

Which of the following is considered an unethical political tactic to gain power in an organization?

answer

Playing territorial games

question

Information technology

answer

All of the following disciplines have contributed to the foundations of the field of organizational behavior EXCEPT

question

What do denial, stereotyping, and projection have in common?

answer

They are all ways to deal with sensory information

question

The office grapevine is an example of

answer

information communication

question

The following are true about making good business decisions EXCEPT

answer

an estimated 20 percent of decisions made in organizations fail

question

What is considered a standard response for routine problems?

answer

programmed decision

question

A manager trying to motivate an employee should

answer

give ample feedback

question

A manager trying to motivate an employee should

answer

By observing leaders and socialization

question

Which of the following is the least effective method of influencing others?

answer

coalition formation

question

cross functional teams are

answer

used most often for the purpose of product development

question

decision criteria are used to

answer

evaluate alternatives

question

Who developed the situational leadership model?

answer

Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard

question

What is the trend in work space design?

answer

Creating public spaces for employees to use for various purposes

question

The question "To whom do you go to for information about what's going on?" is commonly asked

answer

during a social network analysis

question

Employees resist change most often because of the

answer

fear of an adverse outcome

question

What is a common result of information overload?

answer

increased work stress

question

Which of the following is true of heuristics?

answer

Heuristics lead to biases in judgment.

question

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), Bill is a thinking-type. When reviewing a vendor proposal with his boss, he will most likely

answer

express his opinion

question

Which of the following is true about gender differences in leadership?

answer

It is difficult to judge the truth about stereotypes of gender differences.

question

According to Kolb's Learning Style Type, which of the following describes the accommodative learning style?

answer

Concrete experience, active experimentation, adaptive

question

Power granted to a person by an organization is an example of

answer

position power

question

What is a dependent variable?

answer

The factor that an experiment or hypothesis tries to explain or predict that is affected by some other factor

question

Which of the following is NOT true about stress?

answer

Women respond more intensely to stress than men and have a higher risk of heart attack and stroke.

question

Which of the following statements accurately describes situational leadership?

answer

There is no one best way to influence group members.

question

A mechanistic organization

answer

emphasizes specialization and control

question

Which of the following is true about job enrichment?

answer

It increases employee responsibility.

question

Which is a major contributing factor to the transformational leader?

answer

chharisma

question

The most important challenge facing the field of organizational behavior is

answer

managing workforce diversity

question

Which of the following has become a significant source of workplace conflict?

answer

rudeness and incivility

question

Empowerment is a strategy focused on improving all of the following EXCEPT

answer

bureaucracy

question

What is an organigraph?

answer

A map that gives an overview of a company's functions and the way people organize themselves at work

question

Which of the following statements is true about Herzberg's two-factor theory?

answer

Intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction.

question

Accounting firms, consulting firms, and hospitals are examples of

answer

professional bureaucracies

question

Which of the following is a difference between men's and women's communication styles?

answer

Women prefer to communicate to build rapport, and men use communication to display knowledge and skill.

question

Being "in the zone" is also known as

answer

the experience of flow

question

Which of the following is true about Total Quality Management (TQM)?

answer

Relies on bottom-up, participative decision making in planning and execution

question

A leader with Machiavellian tendencies would likely

answer

manipulate others for his or her personal gain

question

Which of the following statements accurately describes Vroom's expectancy theory?

answer

It is one of the most widely accepted theories of motivation.

question

Advances in information technology have

answer

increased access to information and made delayering possible

question

What type of power will help a leader establish a power base?

answer

Power as an expert

question

What is the relationship between stress and job performance?

answer

Moderate stress correlates with high performance.

question

Outsourcing means that a company

answer

hires other companies to do some of its work

question

What is an affinity group?

answer

An employee-involvement group made up of professional-level workers

question

The only way a person can influence someone else is to

answer

communicate

question

Which is true about flat organization structures?

answer

Customer problems can be solved quickly.

question

A person with a high achievement need

answer

prefers tasks of intermediate difficulty

question

What differentiates a team from a group?

answer

Shared versus individual accountability

question

Reinforcement theory

answer

has operant conditioning at its foundation

question

Determining the tasks to be done, who should do them, and who reports to whom is an example of which management function?

answer

Organizing

question

Which of the following statements is true about group dynamics?

answer

Groups go through predictable stages to become productive.

question

According to the triarchic theory of intelligence,

answer

wisdom, street smarts, and common sense are important factors of intelligence

question

As a rule of thumb, in the absence of information, what do many employees do?

answer

Create and spread rumors

question

Which of the following describes people with a directive style of decision making?

answer

Has a low tolerance for ambiguity and seeks rationality

question

The following are all conditions that favor social learning EXCEPT

answer

need for power

question

Which of the following is true about virtual teams?

answer

They benefit companies that are spread out in a wide geographic area.

question

The contingency approach to organization design affirms that

answer

organizations are more effective when they are structured to fit the situational demand

question

Which of the following is true about employee recognition?

answer

Employees welcome praise as much as a paycheck.

question

A strategy, or method, for increasing organizational effectiveness by bringing about planned change is called

answer

organizational development

question

Nonverbal communication has the main purpose of

answer

expressing the communicator's emotions behind the message

question

If an employee misperceives an event that occurs in the workplace, it is likely that he or she has

answer

strong attitudes about that event

question

Which organization structure is best suited to leveraging specialization?

answer

Functional

question

The nominal group technique is

answer

a group decision-making approach that generates creative alternatives independently

question

According to the Holmes and Rahe "Social Adjustment Rating Scale," which of the following is considered the most stressful event?

answer

Death of a spouse

question

Which of the following is NOT a technique to enhance creativity?

answer

Forming homogeneous work groups

question

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a bureaucratic organizational structure?

answer

Bureaucratic controls can suppress initiative and decision making at lower levels.

question

In order to build teamwork, a manager should avoid which of the following?

answer

Supervising the group closely

question

Which of the following is an accurate description of Emotional Intelligence (EI)?

answer

A person's EI predicts performance better than IQ.

question

Which of the following statements is true about organizational behavior?

answer

Organizational behavior is a study of individuals, groups, and structure.

question

Openly discussing the worst-case possibilities of a situation is a way a company can

answer

reduce the negative consequences of rumors

question

What does the P stand for in the equation B = ƒ(P x E)?

answer

Person

question

All of the following accurately describe Alderfer's ERG theory EXCEPT

answer

Alderfer reworked Herzberg's theory to align with empirical research

question

According to the Leadership Grid®, which is the best leadership style?

answer

Team management

question

According to equity theory model,

answer

employee satisfaction is dependent on how fairly the employee believes he or she is treated in comparison to others

question

Who created the three-step model for change that includes unfreezing, movement, and refreezing?

answer

Kurt Lewin

question

Leadership is the domain of which group of employees?

answer

All employees

question

Which of the following is true about conflict?

answer

Conflict can be both positive and negative.

question

Which of the following accurately describes organizational change?

answer

Individuals' ability to learn to deal with change is a major part of managing change.

question

Cognitive style is determined by

answer

how people gather and evaluate information

question

Groupthink is

answer

likely to occur when the group values getting along more than getting things done

question

Experts predict that the predominant style of organization in the future will be

answer

skills-oriented

question

The 4I framework of a learning organization consists of intuiting, interpreting, integrating, and

answer

institutionalization

question

Which of the following is the foundation of all organization cultures?

answer

History of the company and its founders

question

What triggers the fight or flight response?

answer

Stress

question

Process consultants wil

answer

guide and coach on workflow, informal relationships, and communication

question

Which type of firm is likely to use a territorial departmentalization structure?

answer

Large service firm

question

The Delphi technique is best suited for

answer

decision making for groups that are difficult to bring physically together

question

What is cognitive dissonance?

answer

When attitudes or beliefs held by a person are contradictory

question

A team member in the role of process observer contributes by

answer

helping the group look at how it's functioning

question

According to attribution theory,

answer

information on causation is gathered on three dimensions of behavior

question

Which of the following is a frequently used research method for organizational behavior?

answer

Interviews

question

Which of the following accurately describes social loafing?

answer

It is also known as freeloading.

question

According to Myers-Briggs typology, a sensation-type individual is best described as someone who

answer

prefers routine and order when gathering information

question

Problem recognition, immersion, incubation, insight, and verification describe what organizational process?

answer

Creative decision making

question

Individual styles are likely to come into conflict during which stage of group development?

answer

Storming

question

All of the following are ways to become a learning organization EXCEPT

answer

focus development efforts on senior management

question

Which of the following is the most effective technique for preventing and reducing stress?

answer

Power napping

question

Max Webber -

answer

classical organization theory was concerned with structuring organizations effectively

question

Max Webber

answer

proposed the development of what he called the bureaucratic form of organization structure

question

individual processes

answer

include individual differences -attitudes personalities perception attribution, employee motivation learning reinforcement and work stress

question

informal learning

answer

is learning by imitation. normally on a uncounscious level where the learner picks up the skills by another employee who masters the skill

question

formal learning

answer

learning by means of rewards and punishments such as incentives bonuses or reprimands and punishment

question

technical learning

answer

is based on conscious learning where a consciously learning method has been chosen

question

cyclic process

answer

where the employee is doing - then reflecting then thinking then deciding and this process continues with re-doing

question

planning

answer

is the process of determining the organizations desired future position and deciding how best to get there

question

organizing

answer

the process of designing jobs grupong jobs into manageable units and establishing patterns of authority amoung jobs and groups

question

leading

answer

is the process of motivating members of the organization to work together toward the organizations goals

question

controlling

answer

is the process of monitoring and correcting the actions of the organization and its people to keep them headed toward their goals

question

Mintzberg, Henry

answer

defined basic managerial roles such as interpersonal roles - informational roles critical managerial skills

question

interpersonal roles

answer

figurehead role - leader role - liasion role - are involved primarily with interactions with other people

question

informational roles

answer

involve some aspect of information processng - monitor - disseminator - spokesperson decision making entrepreneur - disturbance handler resource allocator negotiater role

question

The four management functions include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

answer

staffing

question

_____ studies behavior as it relates to concerns such as absenteeism, turnover, productivity, and performance.

answer

organizational behavior

question

According to the text, the best approach for obtaining knowledge about human behavior is_____.

answer

a systematic approach

question

What behavioral science discipline has made the MOST significant contributions to understanding individual behavior?

answer

Psychology

question

_____ has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior between people in different countries.

answer

Anthropology

question

____ means that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity.

answer

Workforce diversity

question

The _____ assumption assumes that people who are different will want to assimilate.

answer

melting-pot

question

Which of the following groups will NOT increase as a percentage of the workforce?

answer

white males

question

A(n) _____is a situation in which an employee must define right and wrong conduct.

answer

ethical dilemma

question

Individual level independent variables include _____.

answer

perception

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of physical ability?

answer

Looks

question

According to your text, which is the most likely explanation for the higher absentee rate for women?

answer

Traditionally, women have had the responsibility of caring for home and family.

question

_____ is the learning concept of reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the desired new behavior.

answer

Shaping

question

An example of _____ is when an employee receives a one-week suspension from work and is fined $200 for stealing company property.

answer

punishment

question

Eliminating any reinforcement that is maintaining an unwanted behavior is called _____.

answer

extinction

question

All of the following are TRUE about both positive and negative reinforcement EXCEPT:

answer

Both positive and negative reinforcement tend to weaken behavior and decrease it subsequent frequency.

question

A slot machine is an example of _____ reinforcement.

answer

intermittent

question

For a salesperson who is paid commission, reinforcement occurs on a _____ schedule.

answer

variable-ratio

question

The application of reinforcement concepts to individuals in the work setting is referred to as _____.

answer

behavior modification

question

The belief that "discrimination is wrong" is a value statement. Such an opinion is the _____ component of an attitude.

answer

cognitive

question

Leon Festinger would propose that the desire to reduce dissonance would be determined by all of the following EXCEPT _____.

answer

the extent to which attitudes are widely held by society.

question

If attitudes and behavior are inconsistent, individuals will most likely _____

answer

change either their attitudes or behavior

question

_____ describes a positive feeling about your job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.

answer

satisfaction

question

Job _____ measures the degree to which a person identifies psychologically with his or her job and considers his or her perceived performance level important to self-worth.

answer

involvement

question

_____ commitment refers to an employee's obligation to remain with an organization for moral or ethical reasons.

answer

Normative

question

_____ refers to an individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work she does.

answer

Employee engagement

question

Steve is unhappy with his job. He takes every possible vacation and sick day and sometimes shows up for work late. He is expressing his dissatisfaction with a _____ response.

answer

neglect

question

People with positive _____ believe in their inner worth and basic competence.

answer

Core self-evaluations

question

Quietly continuing to do your work, even though you're dissatisfied, is an example of _____ response to dissatisfaction.

answer

loyalty

question

According to the Myers-Briggs type Indicator, people who are classified as _____ are conceptualizers.

answer

ENTPs

question

In the book Profiles of Genius, thirteen key executives were interviewed and tested and all were found to be _____ types. This result is particularly interesting because this type represents only about five percent of the population.

answer

intuitive thinking

question

Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others?

answer

Agreeableness

question

Individuals with a positive _____ like themselves, see themselves as effective, capable, and in control of their environment.

answer

core self-evaluations

question

Individuals who are high in the _____ dimension of personality manipulate more, win more, are persuaded less, and persuade others more.

answer

Machiavellianism

question

According to Rokeach, _____ values refer to desirable end-states of existence.

answer

terminal

question

Which of the following is NOT one of Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture?

answer

language proficiency

question

_____ is the degree to which people in a country prefer structured over unstructured situations.

answer

Uncertainty avoidance

question

John Holland argues that job satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest where _____.

answer

personality and occupation are in agreement

question

personality and occupation are in agreement

answer

Perception

question

Which one of the following is NOT a factor that influences perception?

answer

Medium

question

Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see, we engage in _____.

answer

selective perception

question

The internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II is an example of _____.

answer

profiling

question

Which is NOT one of the steps in the rational decision making model?

answer

Selecting the decision that satisfices

question

Decision makers operate within the confines of _____ i.e., they construct simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity.

answer

bounded rationality

question

_____ is an increased commitment to a previous decision in spite of negative information.

answer

Escalation of commitment

question

In spite of the fact that short-term stock price changes are essentially random, a large proportion of investors believe that they can predict the direction that prices will move. This is an example of _____.

answer

randomness error

question

Which of the following is NOT an organizational constraint on decision-making?

answer

Personality

question

Decisions made so as to provide the greatest good for the greatest number are based on _____.

answer

utilitarianism

question

Which of the following is NOT a key element in motivation?

answer

Environment

question

_____ is the drive to become what one is capable of becoming in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

answer

Self-actualization

question

Which of the following were considered higher-order needs by Maslow?

answer

social, esteem, and self-actualization needs

question

A Theory X manager would assume employees would _____.

answer

need to be controlled

question

Two-factor theory suggests that extrinsic factors such as _____ cause dissatisfaction.

answer

working conditions

question

Individuals with a high need to achieve prefer all of the following EXCEPT _____

answer

a high degree of risk

question

According to the goal-setting theory of motivation, goals should be _____.

answer

difficult but attainable

question

Manager's can increase an employee's _____ through enactive mastery, vicarious modeling, verbal persuasion, and arousal.

answer

self-efficacy

question

_____ exists when an individual perceives that the ratio of their inputs to outcomes is dissimilar to the ration of relevant others.

answer

Equity tension

question

The degree to which organizational rewards satisfy an individual's personal goals or needs and the attractiveness of those potential rewards for the individual is the ____ relationship.

answer

Rewards-personal goals

question

The _____ says that internal rewards are obtained by individuals when they learn that they personally have performed well on a task that they care about.

answer

job characteristics model

question

____ (or cross-training) is the periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another.

answer

Job rotation

question

_____ may be implemented by combining tasks, forming natural work units, establishing client relationships, expanding jobs vertically, and opening feedback channels.

answer

Job enrichment

question

Susan works from 6 a.m. to 3 p.m. each day, while other employees in her office work from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. It appears that Susan's employer offers a _____ option.

answer

flextime

question

Writers, attorneys, analysts, and employees who spend the majority of their time on computers or on the telephone are natural candidates for _____.

answer

telecommuting

question

_____ is a participative process that uses the entire capacity of employees and is designed to encourage increased commitment to the organization's success.

answer

Employee involvement

question

A _____ is a group of employees and supervisors who meet regularly to discuss their quality problems and recommend solutions.

answer

quality circle

question

Piece-rate plans, merit based pay, bonuses, profit sharing, gainsharing, and employee stock ownership plans are all forms of _____ programs.

answer

variable-pay

question

_____ is an incentive plan where improvements in group productivity determine the total amount of money that is allocated.

answer

Gainsharing

question

The three most popular types of _____ are modular plans, core-plus options, and flexible spending accounts.

answer

flexible benefits

question

_____ is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience.

answer

Affect

question

Six universal _____ are anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, and surprise.

answer

emotions

question

_____ is a field of study that examines the extent to which emotions, whether positive or negative, serve a purpose.

answer

Evolutionary psychology

question

_____ is a mood dimension consisting of nervousness, stress, and anxiety at the high end, and relaxation, tranquility, and poise on the low end.

answer

Negative affect

question

_____ occurs when people associate two events, when there is no real connection.

answer

Illusory correlation

question

_____ refers to an employee's expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work.

answer

Emotional labor

question

Jane is concerned that her company is selling products of very poor quality. However, when meeting with customers, Jane feels obligated to be positive and express confidence about the quality of the product. Jane is likely experiencing _____.

answer

emotional dissonance

question

People who exhibit _____ know their own emotions and are good at reading others' emotions may be more effective in their jobs

answer

emotional intelligence

question

_____, one of the dimensions of emotional intelligence, is awareness of one's feelings.

answer

Self-awareness

question

People in good moods use _____, or rules of thumb, to make decisions.

answer

heuristics

question

The _____ stage in group development which is characterized by uncertainty.

answer

forming

question

The _____ model is effective at describing decision-making within temporary groups, particularly those with deadlines.

answer

punctuated-equilibrium

question

____ groups are defined by the organization's structure.

answer

Formal

question

_____ refers to the attitudes and behaviors that are consistent with a role

answer

Role identity

question

_____ describe how others believe you should act in a given situation.

answer

Role expectations

question

Which is NOT a common class of norms appearing in most work groups?

answer

Termination

question

What is the relationship between size and group performance?

answer

Increases in group size are inversely related to individual performance.

question

Which is NOT a weakness of group decision-making?

answer

Groups offer increased diversity of views.

question

Which of the following best describes brainstorming?

answer

A process for generating ideas.

question

Which of the following does NOT explain the current popularity of teams?

answer

Teams enable organizations to better utilize employee talents.

question

_____ is an attribute of work teams which results in a level of performance that is greater than the sum of the individual inputs.

answer

Synergy

question

_____ teams go farther than problem-solving teams in getting employees involved in work-related decisions and processes.

answer

Self-managed

question

Which is NOT one of the three primary factors that differentiate virtual teams from face-to-face teams?

answer

Increased social rapport

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the key factors in creating effective teams?

answer

demographics

question

Which of the following statements is true concerning the climate of trust?

answer

Interpersonal trust among team members reduces the need to monitor each others behavior.

question

Teams are most effective when staffed with people who are _____.

answer

Organizational demographics

question

_____ illustrates a process loss as a result of using teams.

answer

Social loafing

question

The _____ initiates a message by encoding a thought.

answer

sender

question

The chief means of conveying messages is _____ communication.

answer

oral

question

The _____ communication network is best illustrated by an unstructured committee.

answer

all-channel

question

Grapevine studies have shown that ____ percent of employees hear about matters first through rumors on the grapevine.

answer

75

question

Electronic communication includes all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

telephone calls.

question

_____ refers to the amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode.

answer

Channel richness

question

Jake tells his boss only what he believes the boss wants to hear. He is engaging in _____.

answer

filtering

question

Which of the following is NOT a barrier to effective communication?

answer

Channel richness

question

Tannen's research indicates that men use talk to ___, while women use it to _____.

answer

emphasize status; create connection

question

In _____ cultures, the words themselves are the primary conveyors of meaning.

answer

low-context

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

answer

All managers are not leaders.

question

_____ theory states that people are born with certain characteristics that predispose them to being leaders.

answer

Trait

question

When organized around the Big Five, _____ is the most important trait of effective leaders.

answer

extraversion

question

_____ is the extent to which a person is likely to have job relationships that are characterized by mutual trust, respect for employees' ideas, and regard for their feelings.

answer

consideration

question

Fiedler's contingency model assumes that an individual's leadership style is _____.

answer

fixed

question

Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership theory differs from other leadership theories most clearly because it _____.

answer

focuses on the followers

question

According to LMX theory, which of the following is NOT true of those individual's who fall into the out-group?

answer

They are trusted.

question

A _____ leadership style, identified by House in path-goal theory, leads to greater satisfaction when tasks are ambiguous or stressful than when they are highly structured and well laid out.

answer

directive

question

The leader-participation model was developed by _____.

answer

Vroom and Yetton

question

Leaders demonstrate _____ when they use language to influence followers' perceptions of the world, the meaning of events, beliefs about causes and consequences, and visions of the future.

answer

framing

question

Which of the following is NOT true of charismatic leaders?

answer

They are focused on their personal needs.

question

A charismatic leader's _____ is key to follower acceptance.

answer

vision

question

A _____ leader has five essential qualities: (1) individual capability; (2) team skills; (3) managerial competence; (4) the ability to stimulate others to high performance; and (5) a blend of personal humility and professional will.

answer

level-5

question

_._____ leaders know who they are, know that they believe in and value, and act on those values and beliefs openly and candidly.

answer

Authentic

question

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of trust?

answer

Distance

question

A ______ is a senior employee who sponsors and supports a less-experienced employee.

answer

mentor

question

Which of the following is true concerning online leadership?

answer

Effective on-line leaders need to develop the skill of deciphering the emotional components of messages.

question

Which of the following is NOT a substitute for leadership?

answer

Professional orientation of employees

question

____ research emphasizes style; whereas research on ____ focuses on tactics for gaining compliance.

answer

Leadership; power

question

A has ____ power over B if A can dismiss, suspend, or demote B, assuming that B values his or her job.

answer

Coercive

question

Avoidance of ______ is why most organizations develop multiple suppliers rather than give their business to only one.

answer

dependency

question

_____ is the only power tactic that is effective across organizational levels.

answer

_____ is the only power tactic that is effective across organizational levels.

question

Most studies confirm that the concept of _____ is central to understanding sexual harassment.

answer

Power

question

______ occurs when people within organizations use whatever influence they can to taint the facts to support their goals and interests.

answer

Politicking

question

Which of the following is NOT an individual factor related to political behavior?

answer

Level of trust

question

_____ is the process by which individuals attempt to control the impressions others form of them.

answer

Impression management

question

_____ are more likely to engage in impression management, molding their image to fit the situation.

answer

High self-monitors

question

Each of the following is a question your text suggests to analyze ethical questions except:

answer

Is the action legal?

question

Conflict must be _____ by the parties to it.

answer

perceived

question

The traditional view of conflict argues that conflict _____.

answer

indicates a malfunctioning within the group

question

The _____ view of conflict argues that some conflict is absolutely necessary for a group to perform effectively.

answer

interactionist

question

_______ conflicts are almost always dysfunctional.

answer

Relationship

question

During the _____ stage of the conflict process, conditions are present that create opportunities for conflict to arise.

answer

potential opposition or incompatibility

question

Assertiveness is _____.

answer

the degree to which one party attempts to satisfy his/her own concerns

question

Labor-management negotiations over wages exemplifies _____ bargaining.

answer

distributive

question

_____ bargaining builds long-term relationships and facilitates working together in the future.

answer

Integrative

question

During which phase of the negotiation process do the parties exchange their initial proposals or demands?

answer

Definition of ground rules

question

Which of the following is correc

answer

In negotiations, Brazilians are likely to use physical contact.

question

Work specialization is also referred to as ___

answer

division of labor

question

At an Alcoa aluminum tubing plant in upstate New York, production is organized into five departments: casting; press; tubing; finishing and inspecting, packing, and shipping. This is an example of _____ departmentalization.

answer

process

question

The ____ is characterized by highly routine operating tasks achieved through specialization.

answer

bureaucracy

question

The ____ violates the unity-of-command concept.

answer

matrix structure

question

The ____ is also called the network or modular organization.

answer

virtual organization

question

The boundaryless organization relies heavily on _____.

answer

information technology

question

The _____ is a structure characterized by extensive departmentalization, high formalization, a limited information network, and centralization.

answer

mechanistic model

question

Which of the following is NOT a determinant of an organization's structure?

answer

Industry

question

Changes in corporate strategy precede and lead to _____.

answer

changes in an organization's structure

question

Which of the following generalizations about organizational structures and employee performance and satisfaction is MOST true?

answer

There is no evidence that supports a relationship between span of control and employee performance.

question

Institutionalization is the process through which _____.

answer

an organization takes on a life of its own

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organizational culture?

answer

Formalization

question

A strong culture builds all of the following EXCEPT ____.

answer

quality

question

Culture is most likely to be a liability when _____.

answer

the environment is dynamic

question

Which of the following is NOT a way that culture is created?

answer

Founders poll early employees to determine the appropriate cultural values.

question

All of the following serve to sustain a culture EXCEPT _____.

answer

formalization

question

_____ is the process that adapts employees to the organization's culture.

answer

Socialization

question

Which of the following is NOT a common form by which culture is transmitted to employees?

answer

Selection

question

Which of the following is NOT identified that managers can create a more ethical culture?

answer

Set aggressive performance goals.

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a spiritual organization?

answer

Censorship of employee expression

question

The objective of effective _____ is to match individual characteristics such as ability and experience, with the requirements of the job.

answer

selection

question

_____ tests assess the applicant's ability in an authentic situation.

answer

Performance simulation

question

Which of the following was NOT specifically suggested by your author as a general category of employee skills?

answer

Financial

question

_____ skills training includes learning how to be a better listener and how to be a more effective team player.

answer

Interpersonal

question

____ training includes job rotation, apprenticeships, understudy assignments, and formal mentoring programs.

answer

On-the-job

question

Performance evaluation serves a number of purposes, including determining who gets merit increases and other rewards. This is an example of which of the following functions of performance evaluation?

answer

Basis for reward allocations

question

_____ evaluation provides performance feedback from the full circle of daily contacts that an employee might have.

answer

360-degree

question

John's performance evaluation rates him on a scale of 1 to 5 for characteristics such as job knowledge and cooperation. John's company is using a _____ performance evaluation system.

answer

graphic rating scale

question

Even the most prestigious of schools has experienced grade inflation. In 1970, the average GPA of students at Princeton was _____, while it was _____ in 2000.

answer

2.99, 3.40

question

Flextime, job sharing, and part-time work are examples of _____ for managing work-life conflicts.

answer

time-based strategies

question

_____ are responsible for initiating and managing change within an organization.

answer

Change agents

question

Stan is trying to implement a new organizational structure at his company. A group of key employees is resisting the change. In an attempt to "buy off" the leaders, Stan is giving them a key role in the change decision. He doesn't really value their opinion, but wants their endorsement. Stan is using the change strategy of _____.

answer

cooptation

question

Refreezing involves _____

answer

making a new change permanent

question

John Kotter's _____ for implementing change builds on Lewin's three-step model.

answer

8-step plan

question

What of the following best describe action research?

answer

a change process based on the systematic collection of data and then selection of a change action based on what the analyzed data indicate

question

_____ is a paradigm that values human and organizational growth, collaborative processes, and a spirit of inquiry.

answer

Organizational development

question

_____ uses high-interaction group activities to increase trust and openness among team members.

answer

Team building

question

____ seeks to identify the unique qualities and special strengths of an organization and build on these to improve performance.

answer

Appreciative inquiry

question

When errors are detected in _____, the correction process relies on past routines and present policies.

answer

single-loop learning

question

According to Kolb's Learning Style Type, which of the following describes the convergent learning style?

answer

Abstract conceptualization, active experimentation, problem-solving

question

According to the garbage can model of decision making, the four factors that need to connect to make a decision are problems, participants, solutions, and

answer

choice opportunities

question

Which of the following is true about stress?

answer

Employees with external locus of control perceive situations to be more stressful than employees with internal locus of control.

question

classical organization theory

answer

an early approach to management that focused on how organizations can be structured most effectively to meet thier goals

question

conceptual skills

answer

skills used to think in the abstract

question

controlling

answer

is the process of monitoring and correcting the actions of the organziation and its members to keep them directed toward their goals

question

decision making roles

answer

key roles include the entrepreneur, the disturbance handler the resource allocator and the negotiator

question

diagnostic skills

answer

skills used to understand cause and effect relationships and to recognize the optimal solutions to problems

question

ethics

answer

an individuals personal beliefs about what is right and wrong or good and bad

question

Hawthorne Studies

answer

conducted between 1927 and 1932 led to some of the first discoveries of the importance of huma behavior in organizations

question

human relations movement

answer

the beginning of organizational behavior was based on the assumption that employee satisfaction is a key determinant of performance

question

informational roles

answer

key roles include the monitor the disseminator and the spokesperson

question

interpersonal roles

answer

key roles include the figurehead the leader and the liasion

question

interpersonal skills

answer

skills used to communicate with understand and motivate individuals and groups

question

leading

answer

is the process of getting the organizations members to work together toward achieving the organizations goals

question

organization behavior

answer

the study of human behavior in organizational settings of the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself

question

organizing

answer

is the process of designing jobs grouping jobs into units and establishing patterns of authority between job and units

question

planning

answer

is the process of determining an organizations desired future position and the best means of getting there

question

rightsizing

answer

the process of optimizing the size of an organizations workforce through downsizing expanding and or outsourcing

question

scientific management

answer

one of the first approaches to management focused on the efficiency of individual workers and assumed that employees are motiviated by money

question

situational perspective

answer

theory that suggests that in most organizations situations and outcomes are contingent on or influcence by other variables

question

social responsibility

answer

an organizations obligation to protect and contribute to the social environment in which it functions

question

technical skills

answer

the skills necessary to accomplish specific tasks within the organization

question

theory X

answer

described by Douglas McGregor is an approach to management that takes a negative and pessimistic view of workers

question

theory Y

answer

described by Douglas McGregor is an approach to management that takes a positive and optimistic perspective on workers

question

assimilation

answer

the process through which memb ers of a minority group are forced to learn the ways of the dominant group

question

collectivism

answer

the extent to which people emphasize the good of the group or society

question

individualism

answer

the extent to which people place primary value on themselves

question

long term orientation

answer

people who focus on the future

question

masculinity assertiveness or materialism

answer

the extent to which the dominatnt values in a society emphasize aggressiveness and the acquisition of money and material goods over concern for people relationships among people and the overall quality of life

question

pluralistic organization

answer

an organization that has diverse membership and takes steps to fully involve all people who differ from the dominant group

question

power distance

answer

the extent to which less powerful persons accept the unequal distribution of power

question

primary dimensions of diversity

answer

factors that are either inborn or exert extraordinary influcene on early socialization age ethnicity gender physical abilities race and sexual orientation

question

short term orientation

answer

people with focus on the past or present

question

stereotypes

answer

judgements about others that reinforce beliefs about superiority and inferiority

question

uncertainty avoidance

answer

the extent to which people prefer to be in unambiguous sitatuions

question

valuing diversity

answer

the act of putting an end to the assumption that everyone who is not a member of the dominant group must assimilate

question

aggreeableness

answer

a person's ability to get along with others

question

attitudes

answer

a persons complexes of beliefs and feelings about specific ideas situations or other people

question

authoritariansism

answer

the belief that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems such as organizations

question

big five personality traits

answer

a set of fundamental traits that are especially relevant to organizations

question

burnout

answer

a sense of exhaustion that develops when someone experiences too much stress for an extended period of time

question

cognitive dissonance

answer

the anxiety a person experiences when he or she siimultanously possesses two sets of knowledge or perceptions that are contradictory or incongruent

question

conscientiousness

answer

the number of goals on which a person focuses

question

contributions

answer

what the individual's contributes to an organization including effort skills ability time and loyalty

question

creativity

answer

the ability to generate new ideas or to conceive of new perspectives on existing ideas

question

dysfunctional behaviors

answer

work related behaviors that detract from organizational performance

question

emotional intelligence - EQ

answer

the extent to which people are self aware can manage thier emotions can motivate themselves express empathy for others and possess social skills

question

extraversion

answer

the quality of being comfortable with relationships the opposite extreme introversion is characterized by more social discomfort

question

general adaption syndrome GAS

answer

a cycle through which stress occurs alarm resistance and exhaustion

question

incubaiton

answer

the stage of less intense conscious concentration during which a creative person lets the knowledge and ideas acquired during preparation mature and develop

question

individual differences

answer

personal attributes that vary from one person to another

question

inducements

answer

the tangible and intangible rewards provided by organizations to individuals

question

insight

answer

the stage in the creative process when all the scattered thoughts and ideas that were maturing during incubation come together to produce a breakthrough

question

job satisfaction

answer

the extent to which aperson is gratified or fulfilled by his or her work

question

locus of control

answer

the extent to which people believe their circumstances are a function of their own actions versus external factors beyond their control

question

machiavellianism

answer

a behavior which causes people to behave to gain power and to control the behavior of others

question

negative affectivity

answer

people who are generally downbeat and pessimistic see things in a negative way, and seem to be in a bad mood

question

negative emotionality

answer

characterized by moodiness and insecurity

question

openness

answer

the capacity to entertain new ideas and to change as a result of new information

question

organizational citizenship

answer

the extent to which a person's behavior makes a positive overall contribution to the organization

question

organizational commitment

answer

a persona identification with and attachment to an organization

question

perception

answer

the set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment

question

performance behaviors

answer

the total set of work related behaviors that the organization expects the individual to display

question

personality

answer

the relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one persona from another

question

person job fit

answer

the extent to which the individuals contributions match the inducements offered by the organization

question

positive affectivity

answer

people who are upbeat and optimistic have an overall sence of well being and see things in a positvie light

question

preparation

answer

usually the first tage in the creative process includes education and formal training

question

psychological contract

answer

a person's set of expectations regarding what he or she will contribute to the organization and wht the organization will provide in return

question

risk propenjsity

answer

the degree to which a person is willing to take chances and make risky decisions

question

selective perception

answer

the process of screening out information that we are uncomfortable with or that contradicts oru beliefs

question

self efficacy

answer

the extent to which people believe they can accomplish their goals even if they failed to do so in the past

question

self esteem

answer

the extent to which a person believes he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

question

stereotyping

answer

the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute

question

stess

answer

an individuals response to a strong stimulus

question

stressor

answer

a strong stimulus that results in stress

question

turnover

answer

occurs when people quit their jobs

question

type a individuals

answer

people who are extremely competitive highly committed to work and have a strong sense of time urgency

question

type b individuals

answer

people who are less competitive less committed to work and have a weaker sense of urgency

question

verification

answer

the final stage of the creative process in which the validity or turthfulness of the insight is determined

question

workplace behavior

answer

a pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness

question

avoidance -negative reinforcement

answer

the opportunity to avoid or escape from an unpleasant circumstance after exhibiting behavior

question

classical conditioning

answer

a simple form of learning that links a conditioned response with an unconditioned stimulus

question

continuous reinforcement

answer

behavior that is rewarded every time it occurs

question

dual structure theory

answer

identifies motivation factors which affect satisfaction and hygiene factors which determine dissatisfaction

question

effort to performance expectancy

answer

a persons perception of the probability that effort will lead to performance

question

equity

answer

the belief that one is being treated fairly in relation to others inequity is the belief that one is being treated unfairly in relation to others

question

ERG theory

answer

theory that describes existence relatedness and growth needs

question

expectancy theory

answer

theory that suggests people are motivated by how much they want something and the liklihood they perceive of getting it

question

extinction

answer

decreases the frequency of behavior by eliminating a reward or desirable consequence that follows that behavior

question

fixed interval reinforcement

answer

provides reinforcement on a fixed time schedule

question

fixed ratio reinforcement

answer

provides reinforcement after a fixed number of behaviors

question

hierarchy of needs theory

answer

Abraham Maslows hierarchy that assumes human needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance

question

human relations approach

answer

an approach to motivation that suggests that favorable employee attitudes result in motivation to work hard

question

human resource approach

answer

an approach to motivation that assumes employees want and are able to make genuine contributions to the organization

question

hygiene factors

answer

factors that are extrinsic to the work itself and include factors such as pay and job security

question

learning

answer

a relatively permanent change in behavior or behavioral potential resulting from direct or indirect experience

question

motivation factors

answer

factors that are intrinsic to the work itself and include achievement and recognition

question

need for achievement

answer

the desire to accomplish a task or goal more effectively than in the past

question

need for affiliation

answer

the need for human companionship

question

need for power

answer

the desire to control the resources in ones' environment

question

need based theories of motivation

answer

theories that assume that need deficiencies cause behavior

question

organizational behavior modificaiton OB mod

answer

the application of reinforcement theory to people in organizational settings

question

outcome

answer

anything that results from performing a particular behavior

question

performance to outcome expectancy

answer

an individuals perception of the probability that performance will lead to certain outcomes

question

positive reinforcement

answer

a reward or other desireable consequence that a persona receives after exhibiting behavior

question

process based perspectives on motivaiton

answer

perspectives that focus on how people behave in thier efforts to satisfy thier needs

question

punishment

answer

an unpleasant or aversive consequence that results from behavior

question

reinforcement

answer

consequence of behavior

question

reinforcement thoery

answer

theory based on the idea that behavior is a function of its consequences

question

schedules of reinforcement

answer

schedules that indicate when or how often managers should reinforce certain behaviors

question

scientific management

answer

one of the first approaches to management focused on the efficiency of individual workers and assumed that employees ar emotivated by money

question

social learning

answer

occurs when people observe the behaviors of others recognize their consequences and alter their own behavior as a result

question

valence

answer

the degree of attractiveness or unattractiveness a particular outcome has for a person

question

variable interval reinforcement

answer

varies the amount of time between reinforcements

question

variable ratio reinforcement

answer

varies the number of behaviors between reinforcements

question

empowerment

answer

the process of enabling workers to set their own work goals make decisions and solve problems within their sphere of responsibility and authority

question

job characteristics approach

answer

identifies five motivational properties of tasks and three psychological states of people

question

job design

answer

how organizations define and structure jobs

question

job enlargement

answer

involves giving workers more tasks to perform

question

job enrichment

answer

entails giving workers more tasks to perform and more control over how to perform them

question

job specialization

answer

as advocated by scientific management it can help improve efficiency but it can also promote monotony and boredom

question

participation

answer

the process of giving employees a voice in making decisions about thier own work

question

goal acceptance

answer

the extent t which a person accepts a goal as his or her own

question

goal commitment

answer

the extent to which a person is personally interested in reaching a goal

question

goal specificity

answer

the clarity and precision of a goal

question

indirect compensation - benefits

answer

refers to nonwage or salary compensation such as paid time off and insurance coverage

question

MBO - management by objectives

answer

a collaborative goal setting process through which organizational goals cascade down throughout the organization

question

performance management system PMS

answer

comprises the processes and activities involved in performance appraisals

question

performance measurement -

answer

the process by which someone evaluates an employees work behaviors by measurement and comparison with previously established standards

question

perquisites

answer

special privileges awarded to selected members of an organization usually top managers

question

self efficacy

answer

the extent to which people believe they can accomplish their goals even if they failed to do so in the past

question

surface value

answer

the objective meaning or worth a reward has to an employee

question

symbolic value

answer

the subjective and personal meaning or worth a reward has to an employee

question

all channel network

answer

in this type of network all members communicate with all other members

question

accomodation

answer

occurs when the parties goals are compatible and the interaction between groups is relatively unimportant to the goals attainment

question

chain network

answer

in this type of network each member communicates with the person above and below except for the individuals on each end who each communicate with only one person

question

affinity group

answer

collections of employees from the same level in the organization who meet on a regular basis to share information capture emerging opportunities and solve problems

question

channel noise

answer

a disturbance in communication that is primarily a function of a medium

question

avoidance - negative reinforcement

answer

the opportunity to avoid or escape from an unpleasant circumstance after exhibiting behavior

question

circle network

answer

in this type of network -each member communicates with the people on both sides but with no one else

question

collaboration

answer

occurs when the interaction between groups is very important to goal attainment and the goals are compatible

question

communication fidelity

answer

the degree of correspondence between the message intended by the source and themessage understood by the receiver

question

command group

answer

a relatevely permanent formal group with functional reporting relationships usually included in the organization chart

question

cosmopolite

answer

an individual who inks the organization to the external environment and may also be an opinion leader in the group

question

communication and decision making

answer

the stage of group development where members discuss their feelings more openly and agree on group goals and individual roles in the group

question

decoding

answer

the process by which the reciever of themessage interprets its meaning

question

competition

answer

occurs when the goals are incompatible and the interactions between groups are important to meeting goals

question

encoding

answer

the process by which the message is translated from an idea or thought into transmittable symbols

question

gatekeeper

answer

an individual who has a strategic position in the network that allows him or her to control information moving in either direction through a channel

question

isolate

answer

an individual who tends to work alone and to interact and communicate little with othes

question

isolated dyad

answer

two people who tend to work alone and to interact and communicate little with others

question

conflict stimulation

answer

the creation and constructive use of conflict by a manager

question

jargon

answer

the specialized or technical language of a trade profession or social group

question

control and organization

answer

the stage of group development when the group is mature members work together and are flexible adaptive and self correcting

question

friendship group

answer

a group that is relatively permanent and informal and draws its benefits from the social relationships among its members

question

medium

answer

the channel or path through which the message is transmitted

question

goal compatibility

answer

the extent to which the goals of more than one person or group can be achieved at the same time

question

semantics

answer

the study of language forms

question

source

answer

the individual group or organization interested in communicating something to another party

question

group composition

answer

the degree of similarity or difference among group members on factors important to the groups work

question

group performance factors

answer

factors that affect the success of the group in fulfilling its goals including composition size norms and cohesiveness

question

verification

answer

the final stage of the creative process in which the truthfulness of the insight is determined

question

interest group

answer

a group that is relatively temporary and informal and is organized around a common activity or interest of its members

question

wheel network

answer

in this type of network information flows between the person at the end of each sopke and the person in the middle

question

linking role

answer

a position for a person or group that serves to coordinate the activities of two or more organizational groups

question

mutual acceptance group

answer

the stage of group development that is characterized by members sharing information about themselves and getting to know each other

question

norm

answer

a standard against which the appropriateness of a behavior is judged

question

management teams

answer

consist of manages from various areas they coordinate work teams

question

problem solving teams

answer

temporary teams established to attack specific problems in the workpplace

question

job centered leader behavior

answer

behavior that involves paying close attention to the work of subordinates explaining work procedures and demonstrating a strong interest in performance

question

product development teams

answer

combinations of work teams and problem solving teams that create new designs for products or services that will satisfy customers needs

question

ohio state leaderships studies

answer

these studies defined leader consideration and initating structure behaviors as independent dimensions of leadership

question

quality circles

answer

small groups of employees from the same work area who regularly meet to discuss and recommend solutions to workplace problems

question

employee centered leader behavior

answer

behavior that involves attempting to build effective work groups with high performance goals

question

work teams

answer

include all the people working in an area are relatively permanent and do the daily work making decisions regarding how the work of the team is done

question

hersey and blanchard model

answer

model that identifies different combinations of leadership presumed to work best with different levels of organizational maturity on the part of followers

question

least preferred coworker - LPC scale

answer

scale that presumes to measure a leader's motivation

question

vroom's decision tree approach to leadership

answer

this model attempts to prescribe how much participation subordinates should be allowed in making decisions

question

impression management

answer

a direct and intentional effort by someone to enhance his or her own image in the eyes of others

question

consideration behavior

answer

behavior that involves being concerned with subordinates feelings and respecting subordinates ideas

question

Path goal theory of leadership

answer

theory that suggests that effective leaders clarify the paths - behaviors- that will lead to desired rewards - goals

question

influence

answer

the ability to affect the perceptions attitudes or behaviors of others

question

LPC theory of leadership

answer

theory that suggests that a leaders effectiveness depends on the situation

question

leadership substitutes

answer

individual task and organizational characteristics that tend to outweigh the leaders ability to affect subordinates satisfaction and performance

question

trait approach

answer

an approach that attempted to identify stable and enduring character traits that differentiated effective leaders from non leaders

question

initiating structure behavior

answer

behavior that involves clearly defining the leader subordinate roles so that subordinates know what is expected of them

question

organizational politics

answer

activities carried out by people to acquire enhance and use power and other resources to obtain thier desired outcomes

question

personal power

answer

resides in the person regardless of the position he or she fills

question

michigan leadership studies

answer

these studies defined job centered and employee centered leadership as opposite ends of a single leadership continuum

question

superleadership

answer

occurs when a leader gradually and purposefully turns over power responsibility and control to a sel managing work group

question

transformational leadership

answer

the set of abilities that allows the leader to recognize the need for change to create a vision to guide that change and to execute that change effectively

question

incremental innovation

answer

continues the technical improvement and extends the applications of radical and systems innovations

question

acceptance theory of authority

answer

the theory that the managers authority depends on the subordianates acceptance of the managers right to give directives and to expect compliance with them

question

behavioral approach

answer

approach to leadership that tries to identify behaviors that differentiate effective leaders from nonleaders uses rules of thumb suboptimizing and satisficing in making decisions

question

change agent

answer

a person responsible for managing a change effort

question

innovation

answer

the process of creating and doing new things that are introduced into the marketplace as products and services or processes

question

adhocracy

answer

this structure is typically found in young organizations in highly technical fields within it decision making is spread throughout the organization power resides with the experts horizontal and vertical specialization exists and there is little formalization

question

bounded rationality

answer

the idea that decision makers cannot deal with information about all the aspects and alternatives pertaining to a problem and therefore choose to tackle some meaningful subset of it

question

organizational development

answer

the process of planned change and improvement of the organization through application of knowledge of the behavioral sciences

question

intrapreneurship

answer

entrepreneurial activity that takes place within the context of a large corporation

question

administrative hierarchy

answer

the system of reporting relationships in the organization from the lowest to the highest managerial levels

question

overdetermination

answer

occurs because numerous organizational systems are in place to ensure that employees and systems behave as expected to maintain stability

question

oganizational climate

answer

current situations in an organization and the linkages among work groups employees and work performance

question

authority

answer

power that has been ligitimzed with a particular social context

question

cognitive dissonance

answer

the anxiety a person experiences when he or she simultaneously possesses two sets of knowledge or perceptions that are contradictory or incongruent

question

quality of work life

answer

the extent to which workers can satisfy important personal needs through their experiences in the organization

question

organization culture

answer

the set of values that helps the organizations employees understand which actions are considered acceptable and which unacceptable

question

centralization

answer

a structural policy in which decision making authority is concentrated at the top of the organizational hierarchy

question

conflict model

answer

a very personal approach to decision making because it deals with the personal conflicts that people experience in particularly difficult decision situations

question

refreeing

answer

the process of making new behaviors relatively permanent and resistant to further change

question

organizational socialization

answer

the process through which emploees learn about the firm's culture and pass thier knowledge and understanding on to others

question

contingency approach

answer

an approach to organization design in which the desired outcomes for the organization can be achieved in several ways

question

contingency plans

answer

alternative actions to take if the primary course of action is unexpectedly distupted or rendered inappropriate

question

structural change

answer

a systemwide organization development involving a major restructuring of the organization or instituting programs such as quality of work life

question

procedural justice

answer

the extent to which the dynamics of an organizations decision making processes are judged to be fiar by those most affectied by them

question

delegation

answer

the transfer to others of the authority to make decisions and use organizational resources

question

decision making

answer

the process of choosing from among several alternatives

question

transition management

answer

the process of systematically planning organizing and implementing change

question

radical innovation

answer

a major breakthrough that changes or creates whole industries

question

departmentalization

answer

the manner in which divided tasks are combined and allocated to work groups

question

decision rule

answer

a statement that tells a decision maker which alternative to choose based on the charcteristics of the decision situation

question

unfreezing

answer

the process by which people become aware of the need for change

question

socialization

answer

the process through which individuals become social beings

question

divionalized form

answer

this structure is typical of old very large organizations the organization is divided according to the different markets served

question

defensive avoidance

answer

entails making no changes in present activities and avoiding any further contact with associated issues because thre appears to be no hope of finding a better solution

question

strategic values

answer

the basic beliefs about an organizations environment that shape its strategy

question

environmental complexity

answer

the number of invironmental components that impinge on organizational decision making

question

delphi tenchnique

answer

a method of systematically gathering judgments of experts for use in developing forecasts

question

systems innovation

answer

creates a new functionality by assembling parts in new ways

question

environmental dynamism

answer

the degree tow hich environmental components that impinge on organizational decision making change

question

group polarization

answer

the tendency for a groups average post discussion attitudes to be more extreme than its average prediscussion attitudes

question

environmental uncertainty

answer

exists when managers have little information about environmental events and their impact on the organization

question

formalization

answer

the degree to which rules and procedures shape the jobs and activities of employees

question

hypervigilance

answer

a frantic superficial pursuit of some satisficing strategy

question

general environment

answer

the broad set of dimensions and factors within which the organization operaties including political legal sociocultural technological economic and international factors

question

nominal group technique

answer

technique in which group members follow a generate discussion vote cycle until they reach an appropriate decision

question

human organization

answer

renis likerts approach that is based on supportive relationships participation and overlapping work groups

question

ideal bureaucracy

answer

weber's model that is characterized by a hierarchy of authority and a system of rules and procedures designed to create an optimally effective system for large organizations

question

nonprogrammed deicision

answer

a decision that recurs infrequently and for which there is no previously established decision rule

question

practical approach to decision making

answer

this approach combines the steps of the rational approach with the conditions in the behavioral approach to create a more realistic process for making decisions in organizations

question

machine bureaucracy

answer

this structure is typical of large well established organizations work is highly specialized and formalized and decision making is usually concentrated at the top

question

PRAM model

answer

this model guides the negotiater through the four steps of planning for agreement building relationships reaching agreements and maintaining relationships

question

management functions

answer

set forth by henri fayol they include planning organizing command coordination and control

question

problem solving

answer

a form of decision making in which the issue is unique and alternatives must be developed and evaluated without the aid of a programmed decision rule

question

matrix design

answer

combines two different designs to gain the benefits of each typically combined are product or project departmentalization scheme and a functional structure

question

mechanistic structure

answer

this structure is primarily hierarchical interactions and communications are typically vertical instructions come from the boss knowledge is concentrated at the top and loyalty and obedience are required to sustain membership

question

rational decision making approach

answer

a systematic step by step process for making decisions

question

organic structure

answer

this structure is set up like a network interactions and communications are horizontal knowledge resides where ever it is most useuful to the organization and membership requires a commitment to the organizations tasks

question

self reactions

answer

comparisons of alternatives with internatlized moral standards

question

organization

answer

a group of people working together to attain common goals

question

suboptimizing

answer

knowingly accepting less than the best possible outcome to avoid unintended negative effects on other aspects of the organization

question

unconflicted adherence

answer

continuing with current activities if doing so does not entail serious risks

question

organization structure

answer

the system of task reporting and authority relationships within which the organization does its work

question

unconflicted change

answer

involves making changes in present activities if doing so presents no serious risks

question

organizational downsizing

answer

a popular trend aimed at reducing the size of corporate staff and middle management to reduce costs

question

vigilant information processing

answer

involves thoroughly investigating all possible alternatives weighing their costs and benefits before making a decision and developing contingency plans

question

organizational environment

answer

everything outside an organization including people other organizations economic factors objects and events that lie outside the boundaries of the organization

question

organizational technology

answer

the mechanical and intellectual processes that transform inputs into outputs

question

professional bureaucracy

answer

this structure is characterized by horizontal specialization by professional area of expertise little formalization and decentralized decision making

question

simple structure

answer

this structure is typical of relatively small or new organizations and has little specialization or formalization power and decision making are concentrated in the chief executive

question

strategy

answer

the plans and actions necessary to achieve organizational goals

question

structural imperatives

answer

the three structural imperatives environment, technology and size and the three primary determinants of organizational structure

question

task environment

answer

this environment includes specific organizations groups and individuals that influence the organization

question

universal approach

answer

an approach to organization design in which prescriptions or propositions are designed to work in any circumstance

question

task groups

answer

usually are established to solve a particular organizational problem

question

command group

answer

relatively permanent group

question

composition of a group

answer

a group described in terms of the homogenity or hetergeneity of group members

question

heterogeneous group

answer

if members of the group differ along one or more dimensions

question

homogeneous group

answer

if members are similar in one of the several traits such as age - work experience education or technical specialty or cultural background

question

accomomodation among groups

answer

occurs when the groups goals are compatible but interactions are not considered important to goal attainment

question

competition among groups

answer

when the goals of the interacting groups are incompatible and the interactions are important to goal attainment

question

a team

answer

usually refers to people or animals organized to work together

question

job categories

answer

the jobs in work groups are usually defined in narrow descriptions of highly specialized jobs that require minimal training

question

quality circles

answer

small groups of employees from the same work area who meet regularly to discuss and recommend solutions to problems

question

work teams

answer

permanent groups to do normal everyday work of the team and usually make decisions about how the work of the team will be performed

question

steps in implemeting teams

answer

planning the change - making the decision - preparing for implementation

question

phases of implementation

answer

phase 1 startup - reality and unrest - leader centered teams - tightly formed teams - self managing teams

question

behavioral approaches to leadership

answer

came from Michigan studies - the Ohio state studies and the leadership grid

question

job centered leader

answer

behavior occurs when the leader pays close attention to the work of subordinates

question

employee centered leader behavior

answer

behavior occurs when the leader attempts to develop a cohesive work group and ensure that employees are basically satisfied with thier jobs

question

job centered and employee cenetred leader

answer

behavior were presumed to be at opposite ends of a single dimension

question

Ohio state studies

answer

studies based on a questionairre designed to assess subordinates perceptions of ther leaders behavior

question

Robert Blake and Jane srygley Mouton

answer

who developed the Leadership grid

question

Fred Fiedler

answer

developed the contingency theory - considers the personality of the leader and the complexities of the situation

question

task versus relationship motivation

answer

parallels job centered and initiating structure leader behavior

question

fred fiedler

answer

who contends the only alternative is to change the situation through job engineering

question

Results of the contingency model

answer

inconsistent LPC lacks validity

question

Path goal theory of leadership

answer

developed by Martin Evans and Robert House

question

Theory that allows for the possibility of adapting leadership to the situation

answer

path goal theory

question

achievement oriented leadership

answer

leader sets challenging goals - expects subordinates to perform at thier highest level

question

directive leadership

answer

occurs when the leader lets subordinates know what is expected of them -gives specific guidance

question

Vroom decision tree approach

answer

leadership model focuses on a songle aspect of leader behavior - subordinate participation in decision making

question

Victor Vroom - and Philip Yetton

answer

decision model that takes the form of tree

question

Hersey Blanchard Model

answer

model of leadership identifies different combinations of leadership presumed to work best with different levels of organizational maturity on the part of followers

question

John RP French and Bertram Raven

answer

developed a framework for studying five general bases of power in organizational change

question

French and Raven

answer

developed - legitimate power - reward power - coercive power -expert power and referent power

question

Gary Yukl

answer

who developed a useful perspective for understanding how power might be used

question

Gerald Cavanaugh - Dennis Moberg and Manuel Velasquez

answer

who developed a model of ethical political behavior

question

rational approach to decision making

answer

describes a systematic - step by step rocess

question

behaviorial approach to decision making

answer

assumes decision makers act with bounded rationality rather than with perfect rationality

question

practical approach to decision making

answer

combines the advantageous features of the rational and behavioral approaches

question

personal approach to decision making

answer

Janis Mann process called the conflict model

question

Janis Mann process

answer

decision process that makes 5 assumptions - deals only with important life decisions

question

Delphi Technique

answer

technique developed by the Rand Corp - a method of systematically gathering the judgments of experts for use in developing forecasts

question

Max Weber

answer

who developed the structuring the organization effectively

Flashcards on Intuition In Organizational Behavior

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards