Test Answers on Organic Chemistry – Flashcards
230 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 230question
| Ovalbumin |
answer
| Storage egg white protein |
Unlock the answer
question
| casein |
answer
| Storage milk protein |
Unlock the answer
question
| Ferritin |
answer
| Storage Stores iron in the spleen |
Unlock the answer
question
| myoglobin |
answer
| Storage stores O2 in heart muscle |
Unlock the answer
question
| immuglobulins |
answer
| Protection antibodies quaternary structure |
Unlock the answer
question
| fibrinogen |
answer
| Protection involved in blood clotting |
Unlock the answer
question
| thrombin |
answer
| Protection involved in blood clotting |
Unlock the answer
question
| insulin |
answer
| Regulation regulates glucose metabolism |
Unlock the answer
question
| growth hormone |
answer
| Regulation stimulates growth of bone |
Unlock the answer
question
| vasopressin |
answer
| Regulation increase water retention of the kidney |
Unlock the answer
question
| oxytocin |
answer
| Regulation lactation, induction of labor |
Unlock the answer
question
| acetylcholine receptor protein |
answer
| Nerve impulse transmission synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA |
Unlock the answer
question
| rhodopsin |
answer
| involved in vision |
Unlock the answer
question
| hemoglobin |
answer
| transport transport O2 in blood quaternary structure |
Unlock the answer
question
| serum albumin |
answer
| transport transport fatty acids |
Unlock the answer
question
| serum globulins |
answer
| transport transport lipids (HDL, LDL) |
Unlock the answer
question
| myosin |
answer
| motion thick filaments in muscle fiber |
Unlock the answer
question
| actin |
answer
| motion thin filaments in muscle fibers |
Unlock the answer
question
| glycoproteins |
answer
| Structural cell membranes and walls |
Unlock the answer
question
| keratins |
answer
| Structural skin, hair, nails, hoofs |
Unlock the answer
question
| fibroin |
answer
| Structural silk |
Unlock the answer
question
| collagen |
answer
| Structural Fibrous connective tissue (tendons, teeth, bones) quaternary structure |
Unlock the answer
question
| elastin |
answer
| Structural elastic connective tissue (ligaments, artery walls) |
Unlock the answer
question
| Saponifiable - simple |
answer
| fats, waxes, oils |
Unlock the answer
question
| Saponifiable - complex |
answer
| Phospholipids, Glycolipids |
Unlock the answer
question
| Non-Saponifiable |
answer
| steriods, fatty acids, prostaglandins |
Unlock the answer
question
| Phospholipids divide into |
answer
| Phosphatides, Sphingolipids |
Unlock the answer
question
| Carbohydrates metabolize into |
answer
| Acetyl CoA |
Unlock the answer
question
| Acetyl CoA become either |
answer
| Fatty acids (Metabolism) Cholesterol (through liver) |
Unlock the answer
question
| Cholesterol comes from |
answer
| some foods (eggs, butter, cheese) Acetyl CoA |
Unlock the answer
question
| Cholesterol becomes (5) |
answer
| Bile salts Vitamin D Steroid hormones Cell membranes Nerve and brain tissue |
Unlock the answer
question
| excess Cholesterol |
answer
| to gallbladder eliminated on bile or gallstones |
Unlock the answer
question
| Oxidoreductases |
answer
| Oxidases Reductases Dehydrogenases |
Unlock the answer
question
| Transferases |
answer
| Transaminases Kinases |
Unlock the answer
question
| Hydrolases |
answer
| Peptidases Lipases Amylases |
Unlock the answer
question
| Lyases |
answer
| Decarboxylases Dehydrases Deaminases |
Unlock the answer
question
| Isomerases |
answer
| Isomerases Epimerases Mutases |
Unlock the answer
question
| Ligases |
answer
| Synthetases Carboxylases |
Unlock the answer
question
| Irreversible |
answer
| attaches to the enzyme permenently but does not form its our reaction |
Unlock the answer
question
| Non-competitive |
answer
| does not attach itself to the active site , but somewhere else so it changes the structure of the enzyme |
Unlock the answer
question
| Competitive |
answer
| non-reactive molecule that takes the place of the usual substrate on the active site. Can break up. |
Unlock the answer
question
| Antagonists |
answer
| inhibits the normal physiological function of a receptor |
Unlock the answer
question
| inhibitor |
answer
| effector that decreases or prevents a chemical reaction |
Unlock the answer
question
| Agonist |
answer
| binds to a receptor and triggers a responce by the cell. |
Unlock the answer
question
| Cofactors |
answer
| non-protein compound that is bound to a protein and is required for protein activity |
Unlock the answer
question
| Substrate |
answer
Unlock the answer
question
| Acetylcholinesterase |
answer
| Enzyme converts Acetylcholine into inactive choline and acetate |
Unlock the answer
question
| egg albumin |
answer
| egg white protein |
Unlock the answer
question
| aldosterone |
answer
| steroid hormone produced by outer sections of adrenal cortex |
Unlock the answer
question
| apoenzyme |
answer
| enzymes that require a cofactor but do not have one bound |
Unlock the answer
question
| Catalytic site |
answer
| active site portion of the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo reaction |
Unlock the answer
question
| cholesterol |
answer
| A diet high in carbohydrates will lead to acetyl CoA formation, and that can increase cholesterol synthesis Butter and eggs have a high level of cholesterol can move right through cell membrane w/o a protein channel |
Unlock the answer
question
| cortisone |
answer
| steriod hormone released by adreanal gland suppresses the immune system |
Unlock the answer
question
| cortisol |
answer
| steriod hormone produced by adreanal gland increase blood sugar, suppress immune system, aid in metabolism |
Unlock the answer
question
| holoenzyme |
answer
| an apoenzyme with its cofactor |
Unlock the answer
question
| lactic acid |
answer
| milk acid carboxylic acid can become lactate ion sours milk |
Unlock the answer
question
| Lactose |
answer
| disaccharide sugar galactose and glucose |
Unlock the answer
question
| lecithin |
answer
| phospholipids in animal and plant tissue |
Unlock the answer
question
| milk |
answer
| lactose lactic acid |
Unlock the answer
question
| myelin |
answer
| myelin sheath on neurons lipids |
Unlock the answer
question
| niacin |
answer
| vitamin B3 nicotinic acid dificiency causes pellagra increases levels of HDL |
Unlock the answer
question
| Pantothanic acid |
answer
| vitamin B5 water-soluble vitamin essential nutrient to synthesize coenzyme-A |
Unlock the answer
question
| peptide bond |
answer
| covalent chemical bond carboxyl group reacts with amino group to release water |
Unlock the answer
question
| phospholipase |
answer
| enzyme hydrolyzes phospholipids into fatty acids |
Unlock the answer
question
| Proenzymes |
answer
| inactive enzyme precursor |
Unlock the answer
question
| prostaglandins |
answer
| synthesized in the cell only when it is needed made from fatty acid found in cell membranes very potent in small quantities they act like hormones |
Unlock the answer
question
| Riboflavin |
answer
| vitamin B2 micronutrients component of cofactors FAD and FMN role in energy metabolism and metabolism of fats, ketone bodies, carbohydrates, and proteins |
Unlock the answer
question
| thiamine |
answer
| vitamin B1 water-soluble vitamin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Vitamin A |
answer
| Lipid-soluble |
Unlock the answer
question
| Vitamin C |
answer
Unlock the answer
question
| Vitamin D |
answer
| Lipid-soluble |
Unlock the answer
question
| Vitamin E |
answer
| Lipid-soluble |
Unlock the answer
question
| Vitamin K |
answer
| Lipid-soluble |
Unlock the answer
question
| Whey |
answer
| milk serum liquid from curdled and strained milk Whey protein (globular protein) |
Unlock the answer
question
| Zymogens |
answer
| inactive enzyme precursor |
Unlock the answer
question
| Saturated fats melting point |
answer
| High |
Unlock the answer
question
| unsaturated fats melting point |
answer
| Low |
Unlock the answer
question
| Unsaturated physical state at room temp |
answer
| liquid |
Unlock the answer
question
| saturated physical state at room temp |
answer
| solid |
Unlock the answer
question
| esterification |
answer
| fatty acids react with alcohols to form esters and water |
Unlock the answer
question
| acid hydrolysis |
answer
| produce fatty acids from esters |
Unlock the answer
question
| cell membranes |
answer
| bilayer with the hydrophilic end on the outside contains protein channels to allow small polar molecules and ions to move through polypeptides cannot pass through |
Unlock the answer
question
| allosteric enzymes |
answer
| quaternary structure |
Unlock the answer
question
| ___ levels of LDL are associated with cardiovascular diease |
answer
| High |
Unlock the answer
question
| exercise helps ____ the LDL valuses |
answer
| Lower |
Unlock the answer
question
| a healthy adult should have a ___ LDL value |
answer
| Low |
Unlock the answer
question
| Butter and eggs have a ___ level of cholesterol |
answer
| High |
Unlock the answer
question
| A diet high in carbohydrates will lead to ___, and that can increase cholesterol synthesis |
answer
| Acetly CoA formation |
Unlock the answer
question
| Which type of bond connecting amino acids is found in the tertiary structure of proteins |
answer
| salt bridges disulfide bonds hydrogen bonding of side chains |
Unlock the answer
question
| Polar (neutral) amino acids can bond with what groups? |
answer
| Polar neutral, acidic, and basic |
Unlock the answer
question
| Steroid hormones |
answer
| can move right through cell membrane w/o a protein channel |
Unlock the answer
question
| CO2 |
answer
| can move right through cell membrane w/o a protein channel |
Unlock the answer
question
| Once one molecule of O2 is bound to the heme of hemoglobin, hemoglobin’s ability to bind more oxygen is enhanced. |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
Enzymes usually react only with one compound in a pair of enantiomeric drugs. |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| The higher the turnover rate, the more efficient the enzyme. |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| A cofactor can be either an organic molecule or an inorganic metal, which is necessary for biological activity of an enzyme. |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| Proteins in solution are actually colloids not really solutions. |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| Sphingolipids contain a sphingosine backbone instead of glycerol. |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| Iodine test is the same as the iodine number |
answer
| false |
Unlock the answer
question
| Cortisol regulates the conversion of amino acids into carbohydrates |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| Dilated blood vessels are less permeable |
answer
| false dilated blood vessels are permeable |
Unlock the answer
question
| Globular proteins are much more easily denatured than tough fibrous proteins. |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| Salt bridges are the strongest interaction in the tertiary structure of proteins. |
answer
| False disulfide |
Unlock the answer
question
| Alcohol is a diuretic because it inhibits the secretion of vasopressin, (vasopressin increases water retention of the kidney) |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| A very high pH will permanently denature enzymes but a very low pH will not. |
answer
| False both will |
Unlock the answer
question
| Aldosterone and vasopressin have similar effects on water retention in the kidneys. |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| The diseases Gaucher’s, Niemann-Pick and Tay-Sachs all involve the lack of enzymes needed to control lipid degradation. |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| Lipids that are saponifiable all have an ester linkage. |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| Hydrophilic interaction is the weakest interaction in the tertiary structure of proteins. |
answer
| false hydrophobic |
Unlock the answer
question
| The redness associated with inflammation is due to the dilated blood vessels, which bring more blood into the area. |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| High temperatures will permanently denature enzymes but low temperatures will not. |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| Women tend to have a lower LDL value than men. |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| Naturally occurring carbohydrates are usually “D”, while amino acids are usually “L” |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| Acid solutions will turn red litmus paper blue |
answer
| false base solutions |
Unlock the answer
question
| Anti-coagulant which is always found in the blood in small quantities |
answer
| heparin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Prescription drug given to patients after heart attacks as a blood thinner |
answer
| coumadin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Precipitates calcium ions, thus preventing blood clotting |
answer
| oxalate |
Unlock the answer
question
| Found in Spinach and Broccolli |
answer
| Vitamin K |
Unlock the answer
question
| Analgesic which is not an anti-coagulant |
answer
| acetaminophen |
Unlock the answer
question
| What compound causes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin? |
answer
| thrombin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Which is the actual blood clot? |
answer
| fibrin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Which destroys the blood clot after it is no longer needed? |
answer
| plasmin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Which is found in blood plasma but not blood serum? |
answer
| fibrinogen |
Unlock the answer
question
| Calcium ions are needed for the conversion of what compound to what compound? |
answer
| prothrombin to thrombin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Classify: Elastin |
answer
| fibrous proteins |
Unlock the answer
question
| Classify: cortisol |
answer
| non-saponifiable lipids |
Unlock the answer
question
| Classify: cellulose |
answer
| carbohydrate |
Unlock the answer
question
| Classify: aldosterone |
answer
| non-saponifiable lipids |
Unlock the answer
question
| Classify: Enzymes |
answer
| globular proteins |
Unlock the answer
question
| Classify: Phospholipids |
answer
| saponifiable lipids |
Unlock the answer
question
| Classify: hemoglobins |
answer
| globular proteins |
Unlock the answer
question
| Classify: prostaglandin |
answer
| non-saponifiable lipids |
Unlock the answer
question
| Classify: collagen |
answer
| fibrous proteins |
Unlock the answer
question
| Classify:serotonin |
answer
| other |
Unlock the answer
question
| Components of lecithin |
answer
| glycerol Fatty acids phosphate and amine alcohol |
Unlock the answer
question
| Components of pepsinogen |
answer
| amino acids |
Unlock the answer
question
| Components of glycogen |
answer
| glucose |
Unlock the answer
question
| Components of maltose |
answer
| glucose |
Unlock the answer
question
| Components of maltase |
answer
| amino acids |
Unlock the answer
question
| Components of Beeswax |
answer
| Fatty acids |
Unlock the answer
question
| Components of estrogen |
answer
| steroid structure |
Unlock the answer
question
| Components of arachidonic acid |
answer
| Fatty acids |
Unlock the answer
question
| Components of Vasopressin |
answer
| amino acids |
Unlock the answer
question
| Components of cornflower oil |
answer
| glycerol Fatty acids |
Unlock the answer
question
| Components of triglycerides |
answer
| glycerol Fatty acids |
Unlock the answer
question
| Components of polysaccharide |
answer
| glucose |
Unlock the answer
question
| It is one of the most abundant proteins in humans |
answer
| Collagen |
Unlock the answer
question
| Compound in egg yolks |
answer
| lecithin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Compound in egg whites |
answer
| ovalbumin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Protein in milk |
answer
| casein |
Unlock the answer
question
| Carbohydrate in milk |
answer
| lactose |
Unlock the answer
question
| Protein found in connective tissue |
answer
| collagen |
Unlock the answer
question
| protein in nails, hair, hoofs |
answer
| keratins |
Unlock the answer
question
| blood protein used to maintain osmotic pressure |
answer
| serum albumin |
Unlock the answer
question
| common name for immunoglobulins |
answer
| antibodies |
Unlock the answer
question
| protein found in LDLs and HDLs |
answer
| serum globulins |
Unlock the answer
question
| A clot that breaks loose and moves is called |
answer
| embolism |
Unlock the answer
question
| protein in muscle of marine mammals that contains the heme group that binds O2 for storage |
answer
| myoglobin |
Unlock the answer
question
| protein in muscle fiber |
answer
| myosin or actin |
Unlock the answer
question
| protein that stores iron in the spleen |
answer
| ferritin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Polypeptide used to increase water retention of the kidneys |
answer
| Vasopressin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Polypeptide used to induce labor |
answer
| Oxytocin |
Unlock the answer
question
| The same reaction in different tissues will have similar but slightly different enzymes. What are these enzymes called? |
answer
| isoenzyme |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the enzyme (found in saliva and tears) that destroys a bacteria’s cell wall? |
answer
| lysozyme |
Unlock the answer
question
| The drug that prevents a bacteria from making its cell wall |
answer
| Penicillin |
Unlock the answer
question
| The drug or poison that blocks the receptor site for acetylcholine on a muscle. |
answer
| Curare |
Unlock the answer
question
| The drug or poison that permanently inhibits acetylcholinesterase |
answer
| Nerve gas |
Unlock the answer
question
| The drug or poison that prevents acetylcholine from being released on the original nerve cell |
answer
| Botulism |
Unlock the answer
question
| Which drug inhibits the enzyme phospholipase from releasing aracadonic acid from the cell membrane? |
answer
| Cortisone (or cortisol) |
Unlock the answer
question
| The drug added to penicillin to prevent the bacteria from destroying the antibiotic |
answer
| Clavulinic acid |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the cofactor made from Riboflavin |
answer
| FAD |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the cofactor made from Niacin |
answer
| NAD |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the enzyme without its cofactors called? |
answer
| Apoenzyme |
Unlock the answer
question
| What active peptidase is found in the small intestines |
answer
| Trypsin |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is referred to as the “feast” hormone? |
answer
| insulin |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is referred to as the “famine” hormone? |
answer
| glucagon |
Unlock the answer
question
| If an enzyme’s turnover rate is very low, it is a very efficient enzyme. |
answer
| false it is a efficient enzyme |
Unlock the answer
question
| Enzymes and substrates are usually held together by disulfide bonds. |
answer
| false enzymes and substrates are not usually held together by disulfide bonds |
Unlock the answer
question
| Hormones and enzymes can sometimes be proteins and sometimes non-proteins. |
answer
| false enzymes can only be proteins |
Unlock the answer
question
| All enzymes can be affected by substrate saturation. |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| Doubling the concentration of the substrate will always double the rate of the reaction. |
answer
| false not at the point of saturation |
Unlock the answer
question
| All proteins have a quaternary structure |
answer
| false not all proteins have a quaternary structure |
Unlock the answer
question
| All enzymes are globular proteins |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| Proteins are most soluble at their isoelectric point |
answer
| false proteins are soluble at their isoelectric point |
Unlock the answer
question
| Bacteria in milk will cause the milk to become more acidic |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| Denaturing with heavy metals affects the salt bridges in the globular protein |
answer
| true |
Unlock the answer
question
| aldosterone is a __ hormone |
answer
| steroid |
Unlock the answer
question
| glucagon is a ___ hormone |
answer
| protein |
Unlock the answer
question
| keratin is a hormone T/F |
answer
| false |
Unlock the answer
question
| what hormone can slide right through the cell membrane? |
answer
| steroid hormone |
Unlock the answer
question
| what hormone takes minutes to affect the cell |
answer
| protein hormone |
Unlock the answer
question
| ____ hormone attaches to a receptor site on the outside of the target cell |
answer
| protein hormone |
Unlock the answer
question
| chemical messengers that are produced in one place in the body and affect other parts of the body |
answer
| hormones |
Unlock the answer
question
| maltase needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
answer
| hydrolases |
Unlock the answer
question
| A tripeptide to three seperate amino acids needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
answer
| hydrolases |
Unlock the answer
question
| Lactic dehydrogenase needs ____ enzyme |
answer
| oxidoreductases |
Unlock the answer
question
| Phosphofructokinase needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
answer
| transferases |
Unlock the answer
question
| alanine transamiinase needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
answer
| transferases |
Unlock the answer
question
| Acetoacetate decarboxylase needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
answer
| lyases |
Unlock the answer
question
| glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
answer
| isomerase |
Unlock the answer
question
| phosphoglucomutase |
answer
| isomerase |
Unlock the answer
question
| Citric acid synthetase needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
answer
| ligase |
Unlock the answer
question
| Oxaloacetate & acertyl-CoA to citric acid needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
answer
| ligase |
Unlock the answer
question
| What vitamin is converted into the coenzyme NAD or NADH |
answer
| niacin |
Unlock the answer
question
| What vitamin is converted into coenzyme A |
answer
| Pantothenic acid |
Unlock the answer
question
| What vitamin is converted into the coenzyme FAD |
answer
| Riboflavin |
Unlock the answer
question
| What vitamin is needed for collagen synthesis |
answer
| Vitamin C |
Unlock the answer
question
| what vitamin is converted into the coenzyme TPP |
answer
| thiamine |
Unlock the answer
question
| Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of what vitamin |
answer
| Vitamin C |
Unlock the answer
question
| the rate at which an enzyme will convert substrates to products is called |
answer
| Turnover rate |
Unlock the answer
question
| specific area on the enzyme where the chemical reaction takes place |
answer
| Catalytic site |
Unlock the answer
question
| specific area on the enzyme where the substrate binds |
answer
| Contact site |
Unlock the answer
question
| inactive protein part (without the cofactors) of an enzyme is called |
answer
| Apoenzyme |
Unlock the answer
question
| what is the cofactor plus the protein part called |
answer
| holoenzyme |
Unlock the answer
question
| what is the cofactor that is organic but not a protein called |
answer
| coenzyme |
Unlock the answer
question
| What fiborous protein has a triple helix structure |
answer
| collagen |
Unlock the answer
question
| what protein is found in muscle fiber (2) |
answer
| actin or myosin |
Unlock the answer
question
| What protein is found in artery walls and ligaments |
answer
| elastin |
Unlock the answer
question
| what protein is used to store iron in the spleen |
answer
| ferritin |
Unlock the answer
question
| protein found in bones and connective tissue |
answer
| collagen |
Unlock the answer
question
| Protein used to store oxygen in heart muscles (humans) and marine mammal muscles |
answer
| myoglobin |
Unlock the answer
question
| what is milk "curds", what has precipipated out? |
answer
| casein |
Unlock the answer
question
| Which is the most abundant protein in the human body |
answer
| collagen |
Unlock the answer
question
| Protein found in nails and hoofs and hair |
answer
| keratin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Bacteria in milk can convert the lactose into what compound |
answer
| lactic acid |
Unlock the answer
question
| Enzyme found in tears and saliva that kills invading bacteria |
answer
| lysozyme |
Unlock the answer
