Organ Systems Review – Flashcards
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Largest single organ in the human body
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skin
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Topmost layer of skin
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Epidermis
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Protein which skin, hair and nails are made of
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Keratin
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Pigment that gives skin and hair color
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Melanim
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Cells in which Melanim pigment is produced
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Melanocytes
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Cells in which skin protein is produced
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Keratinocytes
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Function of skin
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sensing pressure, heat and cold
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Dangerous type of skin cancer
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Melanoma
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Traumatic injury of skin
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cuts, abrasions, burns
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Effects of aging on skin
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wrinkles, hair loss, age spots
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Congenital
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Inborn
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Suffix cyte means
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Having to do with cells
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Most abundant element in human body
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oxygen
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Most abundant compound in human body
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Water
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Organization of the body: Organs=>Tissues=>Cells=>
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Organ Systems
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Organ system most exposed to the outside
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Integumentary System
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Organs protected by the skeleton
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brain, lungs, heart, kidneys
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Three kinds of muscles
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Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
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Another name for digestive tract that food goes through
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Alimentary tract
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Four processes that occur in digestive system
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ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
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Organs that help in digestion
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Auxiliary Organs
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Controls the passage of food through the alimentary tract
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Sphincters
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Tube that leads from mouth to stomach
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Esophagus
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Flap of tissue that prevents food from going down to the lungs
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Epiglottis
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Causes chemical reaction in stomach
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acid
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Most nutrients are absorbed in
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small intestine
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Major job of large intestine
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Absorb water
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Why is surface area of intestine so very large
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to speed up digestion of food
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Auxiliary digestive organs
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liver, pancreas, salivary glands
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Stored in bones
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calcium
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Part of skeletal system involved in digestion
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jawbones, teeth
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Blood cells are produced from here
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bone marrow
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Since bones are made of multiple materials they are called
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composite
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Bowed legs are an example of
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skeletal nutritional deficiency
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Tooth cavities are examples of
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skeletal infections
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Largest organ system
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muscular system
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Cardiac muscle is located in the
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heart
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The opposing muscle from the agonist
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Antagonist
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When the agonist contracts, the antagonist
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straightens
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The sphincter is an important
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smooth muscle
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Muscle tears are examples of
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muscle traumatic injury
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Muscular dystrophy is an example of a
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muscular congenital disease
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Water is removed from the body by the skin through
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sweating
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Carbon Dioxide is removed by the
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lungs
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Blood is "filtered" for wasted by the
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urinary system
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Connects the kidney to the bladder
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ureter
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Blood flows through a million structures called this to be "cleaned"
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glomeruli
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Puts all the substances the body needs from the blood back in the body
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nephron
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Waste materials from blood
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urine
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Urine is yellow because of
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red pigment in red blood cells
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Sphincters prevent urine from coming out of this organ
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bladder
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High blood pressure or diabetes can destroy this organ
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Kidney
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Our body is provided with oxygen by the
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respiratory system
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Respiratory system eliminates from our body
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carbon dioxide and water
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Parts of the respiratory system involved in speech
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pharynx and larynx
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Functions of the naval cavity
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warms and moistens air, filters out dust
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Leads from throat to lungs
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trachea
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Two branches that connect trachea to lungs
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bronchi
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Air sacs in lungs that filter air
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alveoli
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Reason alveoli have large surface areas
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allow rapid exchange of gasses between blood and air
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Breathing is controlled by this muscle
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diaphragm and abdominal muscles
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Transported to the lungs by blood for removal
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carbon dioxide
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Transported from the lungs by blood for the body
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oxygen
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Tuberculosis is an example of
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respiratory infection
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Cystic fibrosis is an example of
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congenital respiratory disease
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Blood that is pumped to the heart is
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oxygen poor
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Blood that is pumped away from the heart is
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oxygen rich
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Blood flows through intestines to
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pick up nutrients
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Blood flows through kidneys to
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get rid of waste
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Organ that moves blood through the body
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heart
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Blood comes from the upper parts of the body by the
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superior vena cava
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Blood comes from the lower parts of the body by the
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inferior vena cava
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Blood goes from the heart to the lung through the
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pulmonary artery
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Blood goes from the lung to the heart through the
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pulmonary vein
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Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
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artery
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Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart
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veins
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If you cut yourself, blood coming out of the wound is most likely coming from
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capillaries
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Carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells
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red blood cells
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Fight infection
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white blood cells
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Causes blood to clot
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platelets
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Hemophilia is an example of
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congenital blood disease
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Function of nervous system
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sense, process, activate
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Nervous system carries information by
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electrical impulses and chemical signals
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The stomach breaks down food with
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mechanical churning and chemicals
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Carry nerve cell signals to other cells
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axon
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Central Nervous system is made up of
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brain, spinal cord
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Largest part of the brain
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cerebrum
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Controls balance and posture
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cerebellum
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Connects brain to spinal cord
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brain stem
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Carries messages from brain to the body
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spinal cord
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Sense organs perform this function
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gather information from environment
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Images from the left eye are received and processed by
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right part of the brain
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Images from the right eye are received and processed by
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left part of the brain
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Skeletal parts involved in hearing
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hearing bones
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Part of the ear that controls balance
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semicircular canals
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Sense of taste comes from these
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taste buds
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Controls body's activities that you don't think about
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autonomic nervous system
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"Gets you excited" and increases pulse, breathing and blood pressure
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sympathetic system
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"Calms you down" and lowers pulse rate, breathing and blood pressure
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parasympathetic system
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When you stimulate the sympathetic nerves your pupils will
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constrict
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Materials produced by the body that need to be eliminated
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carbon dioxide, water and waste materials
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List of materials that body needs to function
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glucose, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, water
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Urinary bladder is located
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bottom of the pelvis
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Permanent solution to kidney failure
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kidney transplant
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Best description of diabetes
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too much glucose in blood
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Vocal cords are located in the
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larynx
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First aid intervention for person choking
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hemilich maneuver
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Function of mucus in respiratory system
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trap and remove small particles from air
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Reason for cloudy breath on a very cold day
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H2O
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Must serious lung disease caused by infection
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pneumonia
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When the pleural cavity is punctured, what could happen
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lung collapse
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What type of gas exchange occurs in the lungs
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Carbon dioxide is expelled and oxygen is taken up
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Name two systems involved in communication
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respiratory, integumentary
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Non verbal communication occurs in this system
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integumentary
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Blood enters the heart through the
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right atrium
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From the right atrium blood goes to the
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right ventricle
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After the lung, blood returns to the heart and enters the
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left atrium
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After the left atrium the blood goes to the
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left ventricle
