Nutrition Unit 3 Study Set - Flashcards

question

Both alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol are found in food sources.

answer

True

question

Vitamin E is involved in maintaining immune system function.

answer

True

question

Vitamin A is involved in production of white blood cells.

answer

True

question

Vitamins A, D, E, and K from plant sources are less soluble than vitamins A, D, E, and K from animal sources.

answer

False

question

Issac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry. He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors. He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance. His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, peanut butter, chicken, pork, apples, bananas, and green vegetables. Based on this information, Issac has a high risk of _____________.

answer

Rickets

question

To conserve the vitamin content of foods, _____________.

answer

stir-fry instead of boil

question

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

answer

Vitamins K, D, and A

question

Which of the following statements is true?

answer

People can survive for years by consuming formulas that contain all known vitamins.

question

_____ are water-soluble vitamins.

answer

Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin

question

Low blood levels of vitamin K are associated with increased risk of osteoporosis.

answer

True

question

The synthetic form of vitamin K is called ____________.

answer

menadione

question

Which of the following hormones acts to increase calcium absorption and decrease urinary calcium excretion?

answer

Parathyroid hormone

question

Taking a vitamin A supplement has been linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.

answer

True

question

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

answer

Boiling in a saucepan of water

question

Which of the following foods contains the highest amount of vitamin E per serving?

answer

Almonds

question

A deficiency of vitamin _____ results in deterioration of epithelial cells

answer

A

question

Long-term vitamin E deficiency can result in nerve damage and blindness.

answer

True

question

The human body can absorb some of the _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

answer

Vitamin K

question

Taking high doses of vitamin E supplements can impair blood clotting.

answer

True

question

______ prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells.

answer

Antioxidants

question

Retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid are all forms of preformed vitamin A.

answer

true

question

In the United States, newborns receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____.

answer

vitamin K; bleeding

question

Activation of vitamin D from food sources requires skin exposure to sunlight and a healthy liver.

answer

False

question

A researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. After performing in vivo tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. Based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a(n) _____________.

answer

antioxidant

question

All vitamins are amines.

answer

False

question

Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D?

answer

Fortified dairy products

question

____________ is a condition associated with vitamin D deficiency in adults that is characterized by softening of the bones.

answer

Osteomalacia

question

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is _____________.

answer

Night Blindness

question

Which of the following foods is the best source of preformed vitamin A?

answer

Liver

question

In the body, vitamin A helps _____________.

answer

the small intestine absorb calcium and phosphorus

question

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E?

answer

ground beef

question

The liver needs vitamin K to _____________.

answer

synthesize prothrombin

question

Vitamins A, D, E, and K all have hydrocarbon chains that make them soluble in fats.

answer

true

question

Barry is a vegan. His diet does not include foods that contain preformed vitamin A, and he does not take any vitamin A supplements. Nevertheless, his body has adequate vitamin A stores. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for Barry's adequate vitamin A status?

answer

He eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene.

question

Most vitamins are more bioavailable from synthetic sources than from natural food sources.

answer

true

question

Low blood levels of vitamin K are associated with increased risk of osteoporosis.

answer

true

question

Long-term trials have shown that high intakes of vitamin E reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in women.

answer

false

question

Vitamin D helps the body absorb _____________.

answer

phosphorus and calcium

question

_____ is the most biologically active form of vitamin A in the body.

answer

Retinol

question

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins is the best antioxidant?

answer

E

question

The biological activity of gamma-tocopherol is significantly higher than that of alpha-tocopherol.

answer

False

question

Skin can form prohormone vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight.

answer

Skin can form prohormone vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight.

question

Diets supplying large amounts of the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin can lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration.

answer

true

question

Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of _____________.

answer

osteomalacia

question

Excessive vitamin D intakes can result in _____________.

answer

deposition of calcium in soft tissues

question

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?

answer

soybean oil, green leafy vegetables

question

Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D? Fortified dairy products

answer

Fortified dairy products

question

The human body can absorb some _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

answer

biotin

question

People are likely to develop pellagra when they consume diets that are low in niacin and animal protein.

answer

true

question

Benign tumors are more harmful than the malignant ones.

answer

false

question

____ is a carcinogen.

answer

Alcohol

question

_____ are water-soluble vitamins.

answer

Pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and thiamin

question

Which of the following vitamins plays a direct role in energy metabolism?

answer

Riboflavin

question

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin C?

answer

white potato

question

It is not necessary for humans to consume sources of water-soluble vitamins daily, because most of them are stored in the liver.

answer

false

question

B vitamins generally function as _____.

answer

parts of co enzymes

question

Kevin is a bodybuilder who takes a variety of vitamin supplements. He often has diarrhea, and last week he was diagnosed with a kidney stone. Based on this information, which of his supplements is most likely contributing to his current health problems?

answer

Vitamin C

question

Which of the following foods contains the most niacin per serving?

answer

beef liver

question

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin?

answer

dairy

question

To reduce the risk of stroke in patients who cannot tolerate statins, physicians may prescribe megadoses of niacin supplements to reduce the elevated LDL cholesterol level in their blood.

answer

true

question

Folate metabolism is dependent on vitamin B-12.

answer

true

question

Humans need vitamin B-6 for _____.

answer

amino acid metabolism

question

Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that participates in energy metabolism?

answer

Pantothenic acid

question

Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer. He should _____.

answer

avoid drinking alcohol

question

The riboflavin deficiency disease is known as _____.

answer

ariboflavinosis

question

When cooking green beans, Lenny likes to add baking soda to the cooking water, because it keeps the beans from turning olive green. As a result of this practice, Lenny's green beans have _____ than green beans cooked in plain water.

answer

less vitamin C

question

Marta is a teenager who doesn't eat fruits and vegetables. Her diet consists primarily of chicken, cottage cheese, yogurt, enriched bread, and butter. Furthermore, she doesn't take dietary supplements. Based on this information, Marta has a high risk of developing _____.

answer

scurvy

question

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

answer

nician

question

Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism?

answer

Vitamin B-12

question

Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb vitamin _____.

answer

b-12

question

Becky's 2-year-old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders, Becky should _____.

answer

onsume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant

question

Thiamin is part of thiamin pyrophosphate, which is a coenzyme that is involved in removing carbon dioxide molecules from certain compounds.

answer

true

question

Alcohol interferes with thiamin absorption from the intestinal tract, which can lead to the development of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

answer

true

question

Erika takes megadoses of vitamin B-6 because she thinks it benefits her health. After learning about this vitamin in your nutrition class, which of the following statements about vitamin B-6 would be the most accurate information to tell her?

answer

Ingesting large doses of vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage.

question

Which of the following food items contains the lowest content of biotin?

answer

sweet potato

question

The body can store large amounts of _____.

answer

vitamin B-12

question

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C?

answer

papaya and ground beef

question

Exposing milk to light can reduce its _____ content.

answer

riboflavin

question

The body needs folate to produce a coenzyme that _____.

answer

transmit nerve impulses

question

Having excess body fat increases the risk of _____.

answer

esophageal cancer

question

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of _____.

answer

folate

question

Your best friend eats plenty of meats and dairy products but avoids eating fruits and vegetables. She bruises easily, her sores take a long time to heal, and her gums bleed when she brushes her teeth. Based on this information, which of the following vitamins is most likely to be deficient in her diet?

answer

vitamin C

question

Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome. A few months ago, he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6, when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder. Today, Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady. Based on this information, Sean should _____.

answer

stop taking vitamin B-6, because he is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity

question

When consumed with certain plant foods, vitamin C enhances the absorption of _____.

answer

iron

question

Older adults are at risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency, because they often have __________________.

answer

food-cobalamin malabsorption

question

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

answer

eggs

question

Although physicians may prescribe niacin supplements for patients who cannot tolerate statins, the treatment can have several unwanted side effects, such as flushing of the skin and liver damage.

answer

true

question

Dorothy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemia. What treatment would her doctor recommend?

answer

Vitamin B-12 injections

question

Which of the following organs is not directly involved in maintaining the body's fluid balance?

answer

thyroid

question

Parathyroid hormone _________.

answer

enhances the bodies ability to make calcium

question

Phosphorus is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________.

answer

transmission of nerve impulses

question

The sulfur-containing amino acids are found only in animal foods like eggs.

answer

false

question

Sulfur is a component of which two amino acids?

answer

Methionine and cysteine

question

Magnesium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________.

answer

formation of red blood cells

question

Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary _________.

answer

water conservation

question

Dehydration can cause _________.

answer

death

question

The primary source of chloride in the typical American diet is table or sea salt.

answer

true

question

Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance?

answer

potassium

question

Potassium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________.

answer

cellular metabolism

question

Calcium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________.

answer

fluid balance

question

Children who are deficient in phosphorus experience symptoms of marasmus

answer

false

question

Foster consumes about 350 g of protein daily, mostly in the form of meat and amino acid supplements. He does not use vitamin/mineral supplements, and he eats very few fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and grains. Based on this information, Foster's diet lacks _________.

answer

Potassium

question

Which vegetable is a rich source of chloride?

answer

celery

question

Which of the following foods is not a good source of magnesium?

answer

white bread

question

Hyperkalemia can cause a person's heart to stop beating.

answer

true

question

Chloride deficiency may result in hypertension.

answer

false

question

Which of the following minerals may have a physiological role, but more research is necessary to determine whether it is essential?

answer

lithium

question

Calcitonin _________.

answer

signals osteoblasts to remove excess calcium from blood

question

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. She knows the RDA/AI for each mineral, one of which has an AI of 30 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral?

answer

trace mineral

question

Iron is the only mineral added to processed grain products during enrichment.

answer

true

question

Hyperphosphatemia contributes to the progression of cardiovascular disease due to the formation of calcium-phosphorus deposits in blood vessels.

answer

true

question

Chloride is involved in the immune-fighting response of red blood cells.

answer

false

question

Sodium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________.

answer

energy metabolism

question

All of the following minerals play a role in bone health EXCEPT ____________.

answer

sodium

question

Lola doesn't like to cook, so she eats fast food at least three times a week. When she doesn't eat fast food, she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich. For snacks, she prefers processed cheese cubes, potato chips, and pretzels. Based on this information, her diet is very high in _________.

answer

sodium

question

Sulfur is a component of all of the following EXCEPT ____________.

answer

the amino acids tryptophan and valine

question

Which of the following symptoms is not associated with hypokalemia?

answer

bone pain

question

In the human body, water is involved in _________.

answer

transporting water

question

Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral?

answer

zinc

question

Which of the following foods is the best source of phosphorus per serving?

answer

low-fat, plain, yogurt

question

Which of the following statements about calcium is false?

answer

After bones are formed early in life, the body has no need for calcium.

question

Which of the following statements is true?

answer

Cells produce water as a by-product of metabolism.

question

Sulfur is essential for the activity of several enzymes in the human body.

answer

true

question

Patients suffering from bulimia may develop acid-base and fluid imbalances associated with chloride deficiency.

answer

true

question

Maintenance of normal intracellular fluid volume depends largely on the intracellular concentration of _____ ions.

answer

potassium and phosphate

question

High blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels are associated with chromium deficiency.

answer

true

question

Which of the following agencies monitors the amount of arsenic in rice and other foods and beverages?

answer

FDA

question

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 75 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral?

answer

TRACE MINERAL

question

In certain parts of the United States, soil contains high amounts of selenium that accumulates in plants. Livestock that graze on these plants can develop selenium toxicity.

answer

true

question

_____ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

answer

hemoglobin

question

Long-term consumption of high amounts of fluoride can _____.

answer

lead to skeletal fluorosis

question

Which of the following statements is false?

answer

Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland and is a result of cancer.

question

Which of the following foods is the richest source of zinc?

answer

fried oysters

question

Angela is a 20-year-old college student. In addition to having a history of dental decay, she seems to break bones easily. Based on this information, Angela may need to increase her intake of _____.

answer

floride

question

Which of the following nutrients is a not a trace mineral?

answer

potassium

question

Which of the following is not a typical feature of fad diets?

answer

physical activity

question

John consumes 2600 kcal of foods and beverages and expends a total of 2600 kcal each day. His body is in a state of ____________.

answer

energy balance

question

According to the American College of Sports Medicine, adults should perform ____________ minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity to prevent weight gain.

answer

150-250

question

Initial weight loss on a low-carbohydrate diet results from the burning of stored body fat.

answer

false

question

Gastric bypass surgery can increase a person's risk of osteoporosis.

answer

true

question

George is a 5? 8??, 29-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds. To lose weight, he's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. George wants to a permanent solution to treat his obesity. George's physician is likely to recommend a(n) ______ as the best way to help George lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it.

answer

sleeve gastrectomy

question

Chester's BMI is 35.3. According to his food records, he consumes an average of 3600 kcal/day. He would like to lose 10 pounds in 1 year by reducing his daily caloric intake. Based on this information, Chester should consume _____ kcal/day.

answer

3400

question

The senses of sight, smell, taste, and hearing influence a person's appetite.

answer

true

question

_____ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs.

answer

visceral

question

Erin is following a safe and medically sound weigh-loss program to lose 20 pounds. According to this information, her program _________.

answer

includes regular physical activity

question

The _____ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.

answer

thyroid

question

Which of the following measurement techniques is a convenient, practical, and inexpensive way to determine if a person has an unhealthy distribution of body fat?

answer

Measuring the person's waist circumference

question

To calculate body mass index, divide weight in kilograms by height in meters, squared.

answer

true

question

Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger.

answer

Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger.

question

In the United States, _____ are more likely to be overweight or obese than other adults.

answer

non-Hispanic black Americans

question

Direct calorimetry can be used to measure basal metabolic rate.

answer

true

question

Gloria's BMI is 32.4; her waist circumference is 38 inches and her hip circumference is 37 inches. According to this information, she _________.

answer

have fertility problems

question

According to the "set point theory," a person's _________.

answer

body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter

question

Matt is having his body fat assessed by ____, a technique that requires a large device called the BOD POD.

answer

air displacement

question

In 2008, the estimated expenses for taking care of obese patients and related economic costs were about ____________ in the United States.

answer

147 billion

question

____________ alters the activity of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain, influencing satiety and reducing food intake as a result.

answer

Belviq

question

A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal.

answer

3500

question

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to _________.

answer

decrease energy intake

Nutrition Unit 3 Study Set – Flashcards

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