question

Vegetarians have significantly higher rates of hypertension than the general population.

answer

False

question

Most people in the U.S. would find it next to impossible not to meet their protein requirements.

answer

True

question

Some foods are so high in acid that they are capable of making the acid in the stomach even stronger.

answer

False

question

Sickle-cell disease is an example of an inherited mistake in the amino acid sequence.

answer

True

question

Amino acid supplements are easy to digest and can relieve the digestive system from overworking.

answer

False

question

When a person ingests a large dose of any single amino acid, absorption of others of its type may be limited.

answer

True

question

If needed, protein can help to maintain a steady blood glucose level and so serve the glucose need of the brain.

answer

True

question

Starvation always incurs wasting of lean body tissue as well as loss of fat.

answer

True

question

The growth of well-fed vegetarian children is similar to that of their meat-eating peers.

answer

True

question

PEM is the world's most widespread form of malnutrition.

answer

True

question

For the majority of exercisers, adding excess protein or amino acid supplements to an adequate diet will stimulate muscle building.

answer

False

question

Sound nutrition authorities acknowledge that well-chosen vegetarian diets are consistent with good health and can meet nutrient needs.

answer

True

question

Certain proteins act as buffers in the blood. In this role they are responsible for:

answer

picking up and releasing hydrogens in the blood to balance its pH.

question

Which of the following groups of the USDA Food Guide contribute(s) an abundance of high-quality protein?

answer

b and c

question

Our body has the need to eat protein-containing foods regularly because:

answer

we need essential amino acids that can only be provided by foods.

question

Which of the following provides amino acids that are best absorbed by the body?

answer

animal proteins

question

A person who lost a large amount of weight during an illness has been advised by a health food store employee that he should add amino acid supplements to his diet to help in weight gain. What would you tell this person?

answer

if he needs additional protein for recovery it should be as whole protein because the digestive system can handle that form better

question

The process of protein turnover involves:

answer

the use of amino acids that have been conserved from breakdown of old cells.

question

For athletes, the path to bigger muscles includes

answer

a and b

question

Which of the following is a health benefit of a vegetarian diet?

answer

vegetarians tend to have lower blood pressure than nonvegetarians

question

The DRI Committee recommends _____ percent of total calories as the minimum amount of protein.

answer

10

question

The genetic coding or expression that determines our DNA messaging for cells is:

answer

available in all cells but is idle in some cells and active in others.

question

When planning a vegetarian diet, the following recommendation should be adhered to:

answer

fruits and vegetables high in iron and calcium should be emphasized.

question

When amino acids are degraded for energy, their amine groups are stripped off and used elsewhere or incorporated by the liver into:

answer

urea

question

A young man has said to you that he is eating much more protein in his diet than the recommendation but he feels he needs the extra amount just in case he wants to build more muscle mass in the near future. How would you respond to him?

answer

if he has excess calories in his diet, he may gain fat weight from converted protein

question

Poorly-planned vegetarian diets typically lack all of the following except:

answer

folate

question

What is the DRI for protein for a 40-year-old male who is 6'4" tall and weighs 180 pounds?

answer

65 grams

question

What change in body function will occur in a child with marasmus?

answer

the digestive tract develops dysentery, which results in diarrhea and mineral loss

question

The sequences of amino acids that make up a protein molecule are specified by:

answer

heredity

question

Which of the following is found in protein but not in carbohydrate or fat?

answer

nitrogen

question

Negative nitrogen balance occurs in:

answer

a surgery patient

question

The best way for a vegetarian to ensure adequate absorption of iron in the diet is to:

answer

include vitamin C-rich foods because they enhance absorption of iron

question

The more animal protein you eat, the higher your intake of _____.

answer

vitamin B12

question

Compared to meat eaters, vegetarians tend to have:

answer

b and c

question

A 3-year-old child from a homeless family has been brought into the health clinic with a swollen belly, fluid buildup around her ankles, brittle hair, and irritability. Her mother has been feeding her mostly bread and dry cereal over the past several months. Providers suspect that she may have which form of PEM?

answer

kwashiorkor

question

The process of protein turnover includes:

answer

eating food sources of amino acids every day to grow new cells and replace worn-out ones.

question

When comparing the digestion and absorption of proteins with fats it is important to know that:

answer

cells in the small intestine preferentially absorb different types of amino acids, which causes competition by amino acids at the absorption sites.

question

How many amino acids are considered to be essential amino acids?

answer

9

question

Proteins use the process of active transport to move substances in or out of the cell by:

answer

opening passages in the membrane and escorting substances through the cell.

question

What is one of the risks of consuming a diet high in protein?

answer

a high-protein diet can raise homocysteine levels in the blood

question

The heavy use of soy products in place of meat can inhibit _____ absorption.

answer

iron

question

The recycling system for amino acids in the body is used to:

answer

provide the cells with materials to build body proteins.

question

The role of enzymes in the small intestine in protein digestion is to split proteins into all except:

answer

oligopeptides

question

A 135-pound woman needs how much protein?

answer

49 grams/day

question

In times of energy shortage from carbohydrates or fats in foods, the body uses protein in what way?

answer

it removes the nitrogen portion and burns the remaining fragments for energy

question

A child suffering from protein deficiency has edema. This is an example of protein's role in:

answer

maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

question

Which of the following accounts for the differences among the various amino acids?

answer

the side chain

question

Your mother is considering changing her diet to include only non-meat proteins to reduce her risk of developing heart disease or cancer. What evidence is available to support her decision?

answer

plant-based diets are usually lower in saturated fat and higher in fiber, which reduces risk of heart disease

question

When amino acids are absorbed by the cells of the small intestine:

answer

they can be circulated in the bloodstream to other cells and linked together to create new proteins.

question

The stomach lining is protected from the very strong acid of the stomach by:

answer

a coat of mucus

question

All of the following are needed for the body to synthesize protein except:

answer

amino acid supplements

question

The roles of enzymes formed by body proteins are important when foods are eaten because:

answer

an enzyme acts as a catalyst to speed up a reaction without being altered itself.

question

Cells will do all of the following to create their own working proteins from available amino acids except:

answer

hold partially completed proteins until the diet provides the missing amino acids.

question

A woman who is on a vegan diet has become pregnant. What would be a health concern for her?

answer

she may have difficulty gaining adequate weight during her pregnancy

question

The strategy of combining two incomplete plant protein sources so that the amino acids in one food make up for those lacking in the other food is called:

answer

mutual supplementation.

question

Proteins attract water and hold it within blood vessels, preventing it from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells. This is an example of how protein is used for:

answer

maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

question

A boy 10 years old is going through a growth spurt. Because he needs to build new muscle tissue, what should his nitrogen status be?

answer

positive nitrogen balance

question

The DRI for protein for healthy adults is _____ gram(s) per kilogram of body weight.

answer

0.8

question

Your friend states that she avoids acid foods like tomatoes and orange juice because they give her an acid stomach. How would you respond to this statement?

answer

b and c

question

Which of the following statements is/are true?

answer

Athletes need slightly more protein than other healthy adults.

question

An athlete consumes large amounts of meat in an effort to build extra muscle tissue. This practice does not work because:

answer

a and c

question

Which of the following cooking methods would you use to increase the digestibility of protein?

answer

stewing

question

The body normally makes tyrosine from the essential amino acid:

answer

phenylalanine

question

Your friend is a vegetarian who consumes large quantities of soy products in the place of meat. From a nutrition perspective, your friend is at risk of developing _____ deficiency.

answer

iron

question

Which statement is true of a vegan diet?

answer

very young children and the elderly may not consume enough plant sources of protein to build and maintain bone and muscle tissue

question

In making recommendations for protein intake, the committee on DRI took into consideration that the protein in a normal diet would be:

answer

a combination of animal and plant sources.

question

If amino acids are oversupplied:

answer

b and c

question

Why is milk used as a first-aid remedy for someone who has swallowed a heavy-metal poison?

answer

The poison acts on the protein in the milk rather than on the protein of the gastrointestinal tract

question

All of the following cause denaturation of proteins except:

answer

light

question

The calorie-deficiency disease resulting from chronic starvation is known most specifically as:

answer

marasmus

question

Which of the following is not a characteristic of children with kwashiorkor?

answer

They look like skin and bones.

question

Which of the following is not a characteristic of children with kwashiorkor?

answer

They look like skin and bones.

question

An adolescent girl has decided to adhere to a vegetarian diet and has selected a tossed green salad, whole-wheat crackers, and apple juice for lunch. What would you advise her about her complementary protein sources?

answer

adding garbanzo beans to her salad would provide the protein combination she needs

question

To ensure adequate intakes of vitamin B12, vitamin D, and calcium, vegans need to:

answer

a and c

question

Why should eggs be cooked, rather than eaten raw?

answer

a and c

question

The DRI for protein depends on:

answer

body size

question

A child with marasmus would exhibit all of the following symptoms except:

answer

edema

question

Of the following foods, which likely contains the most easily digestible protein?

answer

tuna

question

A young man who is a sedentary college student needs how much protein if he weighs 175 pounds?

answer

64 grams/day

question

An overemphasis on protein-rich foods can lead to:

answer

b and c

question

Which of the following is not associated with an excess of protein?

answer

enlarged livers in humans

question

Amino acids are wasted (not used to build protein or nitrogen-containing compounds) whenever there is:1. not enough energy from carbohydrate and fat.2. low-quality protein.3. too much protein.4. high-quality protein.

answer

1,2,and 3

question

Which of the following would have the highest protein DRI per unit of body weight?

answer

a 6-year-old-child

question

A(n) _____ bond is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid in a protein.

answer

peptide

question

Children adhering to a vegan diet need to include which of the following foods to ensure adequate growth and bone development?

answer

a and b

question

Examples of complementary protein combinations include all of the following except:

answer

pasta with tomato sauce

question

Which of the following is a protein catalyst, which acts on other substances to change them chemically?

answer

enzyme

question

Which of the following food groups does not provide significant protein?

answer

fruits

Nutrition Ch6 – Flashcards

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