Nursing Ch. 7 – Flashcards
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Hospitals
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In the early 1900s, nursing schools were operated out of
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Staffed hospitals
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Nursing students in the early 1900s did what while training
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No work
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In the early 1900s what was available for nurses when they completed training
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Florence nightingale
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Who is credited with the first educational system for nurses
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Florence nightingale
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Who declared nursing t be a respected occupation requiring advanced education
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Nursing's social contract with the public
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Leaders in nursing education today seek to transform the nursing workforce in a way that honors what?
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Nursing education
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In a nurses social contract with the public, what is recognized as a critical role in nurses ability to achieve optimal outcomes for their patients and to practice safely?
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Patricia Benner and her team at the Carnegie foundation for the advancement of teaching
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Published the study "Educating Nurses: A call for radical transformation" in 2009
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"Educating Nurses: A Call For Radical Transformation"
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This study called for a bs in nursing as an entry level for RN practice and recommended that a masters degree should be earned within 10 years of licensure
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Patricia Benner and her team at the Carnegie Foundation For the Advancement of Teaching
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Group that found that nurses are undereducated to meet the demands of todays practice and recommended a radical transformation in basic nursing education, but made a compelling argument for extending the education of nurses entering the work force
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institute of medicine
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IOM
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Institute of Medicine (IOM)
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Published the report "The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health" in 2010
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"The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health"
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Report that was compiled as a result of a 2year initiative by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the IOM to address the need to transform the profession of nursing
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1. Nurses must practice to the fullest extent of their education and training 2. Nurses should attain higher education levels through a system of improved education with seamless progression across degrees 3. As health care in the US is being transformed, nurses should be full partners with other health care professionals in this effort 4. Improved data collection and information infrastructure can result in more effective workforce planning and policy development
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What are the four key messages that were at the center of the Future of Nursing report?
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Linda Aiken
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Called for increased federal support for the preparation of nurses at the BSN level and higher, suggested policy changes to address the growing need for nursing faculty and the preparation of advanced practice nurses (APN)s to serve in primary care
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1. American Nurses Association (ANA) 2. American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) 3. American Organization of Nurse Executives 4. National league of Nursing (NLN)
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Tri-Council for nursing is an alliance of what four associations
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Tri Council for Nursing
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Released a policy statement regarding the need for increased education of the nursing workforce
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1. Bellevue Hospital in NY 2. New England Hospital for Women and Children in New Haven, Connecticut 3. Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston
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name the three schools that make up the famous trio of nursing schools
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1872
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When were the first training schools for nurses in the US established? (includes famous trio)
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1 year
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How long was the length of the course of study cor the first training schools for nurses in the US
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6 months to 2 years
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How long was the length of the course of study for other early training programs
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Diploma program
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Term originated in the first us nursing schools, used to identify hospital based nursing education programs
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Staff the hospitals that operated them
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The primary reason for the early nursing schools existence
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Mary Adelaide Nutting
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The first nursing professor in the world
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Mary Adelaide Nutting
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Wrote the "Educational Status of Nursing" which focused on teaching methods, material being taught, and living conditions of nursing students in 1912
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Goldmark report
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Also called the Study of Nursing and Nursing Education
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1923
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When did the goldmark report come out
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Goldmark report
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Study that focused on the clinical learning experiences of students, hospital control of the schools, the desirability of establishing university schools of nursing, the lack of funds specifically for nursing education and the lack of prepared teachers
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Yale School of Nursing
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The first nursing school to be established as a separate university department with an independent budget and its own dean
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Nursing Schools today and tomorrow
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Published in 1934; Focused on schools, curricula, and professional collegiate education
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A curriculum guide for schools of nursing
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Published in 1937, outlining a 3 year curriculum and influencing the structure of diploma schools for decades after its publication
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1. Programs should be established within Us systems of higher education. 2. Nurses should be highly educated 3. Students should not be used to staff hospitals 4. Standards for nursing practices should be established 5. All students should meet minimum graduation requirements
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Name 5 recommendations of early nursing education studies
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Diploma, baccalaureate, associate degree
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Name three programs that are options for nursing education
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Diploma program
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Hospital based 24 month program for nursing, not seen as professional
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Baccalaureate program
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4 year bachelors of science in nursing degree orogram
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Associate degree program
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2 year associate degree in nursing program
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Diploma program
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Earliest type of nursing education
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Diploma programs
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Provided avenue for women to obtain formal education and jobs
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2000
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Amount of diploma programs at its peak during the 1920s-1930s
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It's Outside the higher education system in the US
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What problem did diploma programs eventually face?
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Colleges and universities
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Didn't recognize the diploma as an academic credential, refusing college credit
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start over
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If a nurse has a diploma, and wants to get a bachelors degree, what do they have to do?
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Established agreements
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Todays diploma programs have what with colleges and universities to allow college credit for courses?
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University of minnesota
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First bachelors degree program established in 1909
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1. Reluctance of universities to accept nursing as an academic discipline 2. Powerful hospital based diploma programs 3. Thought that hands on skills were more beneficial than theory and science of the BSN programs
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Name three factors that contributed to the slow growth of BSN programs
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Brown report
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Report that recommended that basic schools of nursing should be placed in colleges and universities (1948)
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Educational Preparation for Nurse Practitioners and Assistants to Nurses
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Report by the ANA in 1965 that suggested the BSN should become the basic foundation for professional practice
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National league for nursing
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In 1982 this association affirmed the BSN as the minimal educational level, but can't do away with ADN programs
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Magnet status
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Status of a hospital that says how many patients were readmitted; better reports with BSNs
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Bachelors degree programs
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Today, they provide education and preparation for licensure after passing the NCLEX-RN, as well as advanced education for established RNs
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Liberal arts, nursing science, clinical nursing skills, communication, decision making, leadership, care to all patients in a variety of settings
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Bachelors degree programs consist of a four year curriculum with general and nursing focus on what seven areas
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Bachelors degree programs
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Nursing education Programs that have high faculty qualifications
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Bachelors degree
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Equips graduates to practice within complex health care systems and to assume multiple nursing roles
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Dr. Mildred Montag
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Developed first ADN programs; was the dean of the first ADN program
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ADN programs
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2 year orogram that provides basic education for licensure
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Nursing science and clinical nursing skills, decision making, leadership
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What 4 factors do ands focus on
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1. Accessibility 2. Low cost 3. Part time and evening study options 4. Shorter duration of education 5. Eligibility for licensure
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Why are adns so popular.
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ADN
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Often used as a step in progression toward a BSN or a msn
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ADN programs
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graduates the most RN candidates of all basic programs
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External degree programs
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Nursing education programs where students attend class infrequently or not at all; independent learning via online study
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BSN, MSN, or Doctoral programs
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External degree programs can include what three types of programs
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1. Facilitate opportunities for nurses to move up educational ladder 2. Multiple entry, multiple exit 3. Move from LPN/LVN to ADN to BSN to MSN or higher 4. Can terminate at any degree level to take licensure exam
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Name four characteristics of external degree programs
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Accelerated
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Programs for second degree students, or students looking to obtain a higher degree are often ____
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Online/distance learning programs
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Learning programs that improve educational access for rural students
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State board of nursing approval
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What is required of all nursing programs?
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Accreditation
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A voluntary review process for nursing programs in which their courses and programs are reviewed by professional nursing organizations
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1. Quality of education 2. Public safety 3. The nursing profession
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Accreditation of nursing educational programs promotes adherence to standards that protect what three factors
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1. Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) 2. National league for nursing accreditation commission (NLNAC)
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Name two examples of accrediting bodies of nursing educational programs
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Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education
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Gives accreditation for BSN, MSN, and doctoral programs
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National league for nursing accreditation commission
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Has four councils for ADN, diploma, BSN, and MSN/doctoral programs
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Masters education
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Prepares for roles in administration, case management, informatics, health policy/health care systems, teacher education, clinical nurse specialists, certified nurse practitioner, certified nurse midwife, certified registered nurse anesthetist
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Clinical specialization
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Masters educations put an emphasis on advanced practice through ________
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Increased demand for CNPs
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Has resulted in tripling the number of CNP programs in the US
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Certified nurse practitioner
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CNP
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Certified nurse midwife
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CNM
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Certified registered nurse anesthetist
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CRNA
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doctoral education
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Prepares for teaching as faculty in universities, administrators in nursing schools or large medical centers, researchers, theorists, and advanced practitioners
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Doctorate of Philosophy
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Doctorate degree with a focus on research or theory development
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Doctorate of nursing practice
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Doctorate degree with a focus on practice in advanced clinical roles, such as CNP or CNM
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Doctorate of NURSING practice
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mAY PROVIDE A SOLITION TO SHORTAGE OF PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS
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LICENSURE
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REQUIRED AT ENTRY TO PRACTICE; LEGAL DESIGNATION THAT ENZURES PUBLIC SAFETY
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CERTIFICATION
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CERTIFICATE AWARDED BY A CERIFYING BODY THAT VALIDATES A HIGH LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND PROFICIENCY
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LIFE LONG LEARNING/CONTINUNING EDUCATION
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A NON DEGREE SEEKING WAY TO MAINTAIN EXPERTISE IN NURSING, PURSUED BY INDIVDIUAL NURSES AND TAKES PLACE IN A VARIETY OF SETTINGS AND AVAILABLE IN MANY FORMATS
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continuing EDUCATION
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a NATIONWIDE NEED FOR THIS AS A PREREQUISITE FOR LICENSE RENEWAL TO ENSURE THAT NURSES REMAIN UP TO DATE
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RETIREMENT AND LOW SALARIES
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wHY IS THERE A FACULTY SHORTAGE OF NURSING EDUCATORS
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LACK OF CAPACITY IN NURSING SCHOOLS AND FACULTY SHORTAGES
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NAME TWO CHALLENGES IN NURSING EDUCATION
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1. NOT EDUCATED FOR DIVERSE PATIENT TYPES 2. NOT EDUCATED TO WORK IN TEAMS 3. Not educated to access and use scientific evidence in practice 4. Unprepared to identify and eliminate errors or problems 5. Not provided basic informatics training
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NAME 5 WAYS STUDENTS ARE UNPREPARED FOR NURSING
