The authors of the article endeavor in describing hugging basing their arguments in greeting behavior. Additionally, it provides information regarding circumstances that hugging does occur. They suggest that it exhibits positive emotional response, physical sensations and a sense of well-being psychologically. Biochemical and physiological conditions do result from positive emotional experience. The change to hugging from hand shaking represents greater emotional involvement. The need of affection and closeness could be the reason of change to hugging from less hand shaking and nodding.
Thompson, H.E and Hampton, A.J. (2010): The effect of relationship status on communicating emotions through touch. Cognition and emotion, 25:2, 295-306.
The authors of the article argue that vocal and facial expressions have been largely utilized in emotional communication research over time. By utilizing touch sensory modality, a variety of emotions have been disting
uished by romantic couples. Including emotions that are self-focused such as pride, envy and embarrassment. With strangers they are able to interpret emotions successfully regarding certain prosocial and universal emotions through touch even though it is not all self-focused emotions.
Jones, M. S. and Guerrero, K. L. (2001)The Effects of Nonverbal Immediacy and verbal person centeredness in the emotional support process. Human communications research, Vol 27 No. 4 October 2001 567- 596
The study argues that when emotional support is provided, the person distressed may feel worse or his or her negative effects of maybe are alleviated The authors additionally argue that an individual’s physical and well-being is highly contributed through receiving emotional support of high quality. The study focuses on how verbal person contentedness and non-verbal immediacy when combined influence the process of emotional support. Both NVI and VPC have been found t
be instrumental in the quality of comforting behavior determination. The results from the study suggest that individuals utilizing booth NVI and VPC of high levels exhibited providing emotional support that is best. In relationships that are close NVI and VPC may operate differently since touch behaviors are more normative.
Floyd, K. (1999). Affectionate Behavior in adult platonic friendships: Interpreting and evaluating expectancy violations. Human Communication Research, Vol. 25 No. 3, March 1999 341-369
The authors argue that for maintaining and developing a relationship, a number of implications are presented by affectionate communication due to its simultaneous risks and benefits. Expressions of affection that are sincere, delivered at appropriate point and manner during developmental trajectory, enhance the relationship quality. Expressions of affection that come as surprises detrimentally affect a relationship by the recipient feeling discomfort. Regarding the expectancy violations and their outcomes study, the ideal topic is affectionate communications.
Price, F.T., and Harmon-Jones, E. (2015):Embodied emotions the influence of manipulated facial and bodily states on emotive responses. WIREs Cogn Sci 2015, 6:461–473. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1370
In the reviewed research, the authors suggest that, manipulations by the body can influence a spectrum that is diverse of motivational and emotional responses measured with cognitive responses, physiological responses and with self-reports. Many physiological responses have been proven to being influenced by the bodily manipulations. Future research will suggest and develop psychological treatments and human behavior better understanding.
Steller, E.J., and Cohen, A. (2015). Affective and physiological responses to suffering of others: Compassion and vagal activity. Journal of personality and social psychology. Vol. 108, No 4572-585.
Compassion is fundamental to prosociality and moral systems core. It is only recently that mapping of different responses of compassion has
begun. From present investigation findings, the autonomic nervous system is engaged by compassion. Hence they suggest an old evolutionary past is possessed by compassion. Natural selection could increase sympathy making sympathetic communities to flourish and raise offspring’s of a large number.
Dovidio, F. J., and Banfield C.J. (2015). Prosocial behavior and empathy. Elsevier LTD.
The authors argue that, many acts are represented by prosocial behavior. They include donating, sharing, comforting, volunteering or helping. Among adults, prosocial behavior is determined by both emotional and cognitive empathy. Generally, individuals in greater need receive greater social behavior and empathy from others who are looking to improve their welfare by being altruistically motivated. Empathy stems from emotional condition or state of another. Both emotional and cognitive responses are involved in sympathy.
Shapiro, S. G. Relationships between visual and auditory cues of therapeutic effectiveness. Arkansas Rehabilitation Research and Training Center and university of Arkansas. 236-239.
According to the author, the relationship between nonverbal and verbal behavior has been greatly considered by some investigators. It has been established that facial expression and emotion was as effective alone as to when compared with voice and face combination. It has been further understood that judges of vocal visual expression that is acted and still pictures, were less responsive to auditory than visual cues.
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