NCOA – COURSE 15 Set A FORMATIVE PRACTICE – Flashcards

1. CORRECT ANSWER: a RATIONALE: a. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Four Lenses chapter, understanding the different temperaments allows leaders to communicate better with their subordinates. Based on her understanding of temperaments, Brock recognizes SSgt Downy's preferred temperament is orange as illustrated in the statements, "I believe it creates a more aggressive appearance and the ladies really like them" and "...I realize you do not care for all these rules and it is your nature to take risks ..." she also does not allow him to use it as an excuse (or crutch) for unacceptable behavior. SMSgt brock understands that Downy's behavior can have a negative impact on NCO effectiveness; therefore, her actions in correcting the issue will positively impact her effectiveness. b. This answer is incorrect. According to the Four Lenses chapter, blind spots are areas that are outside a person's preferred temperament range, which can create barriers to communication, misunderstandings, and unhealthy relationships if the blind spots are ignored. Although SSgt Downy may have a blind spot, the scenario does not clearly indicate, describe, or explain blind spots or their impact on NCO effectiveness. Furthermore, the question specifically addresses SMSgt Brock's actions. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. This answer is incorrect. According to the Four Lenses chapter, low maturity can be indicated by a need for development and a belief that one's way is the only/best way. Maturity is relating and understanding the preferred temperaments of others and being able to see through their "lenses." Though SSgt Downy may be displaying a low-level of maturity, there is not enough information to determine if SMSgt Brock understands Downy's maturity. See rationale for correct response.

2. CORRECT ANSWER: d RATIONALE: a. This answer is incorrect. According to Four Lenses chapter, blind spots are areas that are outside a person's preferred temperament range, which can create barriers to communication, misunderstandings, and unhealthy relationships if the blind spots are ignored. These are reduced through identification and learning. There is no indication of MSgt Norton addressing blind spots; therefore there is not enough information to determine if he understands them. See rationale for correct response. b. This answer is incorrect. There is no indication of MSgt Norton addressing blind spots; therefore, there is not enough information to determine if he understands them. See rationale for "a" and the correct answer for additional information. c. This answer is incorrect. MSgt Norton misunderstands SSgt Pyle's Gold temperament which will most likely hinder, not enhance, SSgt Pyle's effectiveness. See rationale for correct answer for additional information. d. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Four Lenses chapter, the Gold temperament is comfortable in familiar and structured environments. In this scenario, Pyle's temperament is Gold as evidenced by her wanting to take notes, use a planner, and to-do lists. MSgt Norton misunderstands SSgt Pyle's Gold temperament, as evidenced by 1) giving Pyle unfamiliar tasks, 2) discounting Pyle's need to take note and use a planner, and 3) expecting Pyle to be successful based on a verbal explanation on the way to the airport. This will most likely hinder SSgt Pyle's effectiveness.

3. CORRECT ANSWER: c RATIONALE: a. This answer is incorrect. There is no evidence of Management by Exception - Active (MBE-A) in the scenario. According to the Full Range Leadership Development chapter, this leadership behavior keeps people and processes in control, monitoring and controlling followers through forced compliance with rules, regulations, and expectations for meeting performance standards and behavioral norms. MBE-A exists in structured system with detailed instructions, careful observation, and active supervision. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. This answer is incorrect. There is no evidence of Transactional Leadership in the scenario. According to the Full Range Leadership Development chapter, involve the constructive transaction between the leader and the follower. These transactions formulate a sort of "contract" where the leader sets goals, identifies ways for the subordinate to reach these goals, and supports the follower in meeting these expectations. The follower is required to perform assigned tasks to a specified performance level. When the follower fulfills the leader's expectations, a reward is provided to reinforce the demonstrated positive behavior. See rationale for correct response for additional information. c. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Full Range Leadership Development chapter, the followers of transformational leaders exhibit greater trust, admiration, loyalty, and respect toward the leader and are willing to work harder for them. This occurs because the transformational leader offers followers a vision (clear direction) and inspires them to complete their mission. Transformational leadership motivate their followers and developing them with individual consideration (listen to their concerns), intellectual stimulation (seek and value their input), inspirational motivation (clear direction and emphasize that what they are doing is important to the unit and the mission), and idealized influence (strong work ethic and you set aside your self-interests for the good of the group).

4. CORRECT ANSWER: c RATIONALE: a. This answer is incorrect. There is no evidence of MSgt Perry using Transformational Leadership, which according to the Full Range Leadership Development chapter is the most active and effective form or leadership where leaders promote positive and meaningful changes in people, teams, organizations, nations, and even societies, motivating their followers and developing them with individual consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, and idealized influence. See rationale for correct response for additional information. b. This answer is incorrect. There is no evidence of MSgt Perry using Transformational Leadership. See rationale for 'a' and correct response for additional information. c. This answer is CORRECT. MSgt Perry used Transactional Leadership (with contingent rewards) which, according to the Full Range Leadership Development chapter, involves the constructive transaction between the leader and the follower. These transactions formulate a sort of "contract" where the leader sets goals, identifies ways for the subordinate to reach these goals, and supports the follower in meeting these expectations. The follower is required to perform assigned tasks to a specified performance level. When the follower fulfills the leader's expectations, a reward is provided to reinforce the demonstrated positive behavior which will enhance his effectiveness.

5. CORRECT ANSWER: b RATIONALE: a. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Airmanship chapter, "Service Before Self" of the Air Force Core Values represents an abiding dedication to the age-old military virtue of selfless dedication to duty at all times and under all circumstances placing one's life at risk. There are some characteristics of this in Tate, but there is stronger evidence of P2 being promoted in the scenario. b. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Airmanship chapter, Progressive Professionalism (P2) is the concept of improving oneself on the professional continuum through education, training, ethical behavior, and being morally balanced. The foundation of P2 is the DDR, a methodology of providing Airmen with direction, discipline and recognition as require. Tate is promoting that by taking the effort necessary to improve herself on the professional continuum and providing direction, discipline and recognition for her Airmen as required. This will have a positive impact on the unit effectiveness. c. This answer is incorrect. According to the Airmanship chapter, Warrior Ethos is a tenacious mentality ignited by a hardiness of spirit and courage that, when internalized, becomes the driving force that allows us to overcome all hardships with honor. There maybe some of these characteristics in Tate, but there is stronger evidence of P2 being promoted in the scenario.

6. CORRECT ANSWER: c RATIONALE: a. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Airmanship chapter, Direction, Discipline, and Recognition are considered the foundation of Progressive Professionalism. As Airmen, we must maintain a high degree of professionalism throughout our careers. Although there may be doubts about Smith's professionalism, this scenario is more about the violation of AF Core Values and negative effects to the mission accomplishment. b. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Airmanship chapter, Resiliency is one's ability to withstand, recover and grow in the face of stressors and changing demands. In the scenario, Smith was not faced with a stressor or changing demand, but faced with rule following. He violated the AF Core Values and directed the Airman to use the overdue torque wrench. c. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Airmanship chapter, Air Force Core Values are said to be our inner voice; the voice of self-control and the basis for the trust imperative in today's military. These institutional values and principles of conduct provide the moral framework within which military activities take place. By instructing the use of the overdue torque wrench, Smith is violating the AF Core Values and negatively affecting the mission effectiveness.

7. CORRECT ANSWER: b RATIONALE: a. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Human Performance chapter, High Intensity Exercise Endurance is the application of maximal physical effort systematically applied to a technically developed motor skill. In other words, it is a concept that focuses on the form of the exercise before intensity. This concept may have been applied to the program in the scenario; however, the scenario best illustrates a Functional Training plan, which is a concept that has a direct relationship to the daily activities of the team. b. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Human Performance chapter, Functional Training is defined as any type of exercise that has a direct relationship to the activities you perform in your daily life. In the scenario, Burke reflects back to his last deployment and realizes the difficulty his team had working in the desert climate while wearing the heavy gear. So, he enlists the help of an Air Force exercise physiologist to develop a Functional Training plan that resulted in the team being more effective. c. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Human Performance chapter, Functional Endurance Intensity is Functional Training married with the High Intensity Exercise Endurance concept resulting in functional movements completed correctly at a high intensity. It is a form of an exercise and not a concept. This form maybe used to achieve desired results; however, the scenario best illustrates a Functional Training plan, which is a concept that has a direct relationship to the daily activities of the team.

8. CORRECT ANSWER: a RATIONALE: a. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Human Performance chapter, low nutrient intake can compromise performance and negate training benefits to include the loss of strength and endurance. Additionally, it can result in lower energy stores resulting in an overall feeling of tiredness and increase the risk of injury. In the scenario, Stanley's improper nutrition may result in weight loss but will not help the fitness assessment and may create health problems that will lessen her ability to be an effective NCO. b. This answer is INCORRECT. There is no indication in the Human Performance chapter that losing weight will help with the fitness assessment; however, it is indicated that it will have negative effects on health if nutrition is not properly controlled. The scenario indicates that Stanley is on an aggressive diet plan that is the cause of her collapsing during the PT session. She may be losing a lot of weight, but it will not help her fitness assessment and will create health problems that will affect her NCO effectiveness. c. This answer is INCORRECT. There is indication in the scenario that Stanley is not getting proper amounts of nutrients in her diet. This lack of nutrients will affect her performance because nutrients are needed to be metabolized and used for energy and fuel for the aerobic and anaerobic activities. The scenario indicates that Stanley is on an aggressive diet plan that is the cause of her collapsing during the PT session. She may be losing a lot of weight, but it will not help her fitness assessment and will create health problems that will affect her NCO effectiveness.

9. CORRECT ANSWER: a RATIONALE: a. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Air Force Culture chapter, all Air Force members must adhere to standards of neatness, cleanliness, safety and military image to provide the appearance of a disciplined service member. A distinct hallmark of military precision and discipline is the ability of an individual Airman to present a perfect appearance. Sharp is supporting that concept by conducting an open rank inspection and enforcing standards. Sharp's action has ensured the maintenance of discipline which helped Tidwell win the "Look Sharp Award." b. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Air Force Culture chapter, personal pride and confidence is a trait developed through today's Drill and Ceremonies. It provides a means of enhancing morale, developing a spirit of cohesion, and presenting traditional and well-executed ceremonies which affect unit effectiveness. However, the scenario best illustrates Sharp's support of the concept that Airman's appearance has a relation to the military discipline. c. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Air Force Culture chapter, esprit de corps is taught and developed through today's Drill and Ceremonies which affect the mission effectiveness. However, the scenario best illustrates Sharp's support of the concept that Airman's appearance has a direct relation to the military discipline.

10. CORRECT ANSWER: b RATIONALE: a. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Culture and Heritage chapter, teamwork and esprit de corps is developed mainly through military drill. Retreat ceremony could possibly help develop teamwork and esprit de corps, but there is a stronger evidence of Wyatt understanding of the Air Force culture and heritage and is enabling him to explain the importance of retreat ceremony. The words of Wyatt should motivate the Airmen to feel honor for their participation which will likely increase mission effectiveness. b. This answer is CORRECT. According to Culture and Heritage chapter, understanding of the Air Force culture can help the NCO explain many of the current beliefs, actions and roles that determines the success of the military organization as a whole. Additionally, retreat ceremony pays respect to the flag that represents sacrifices of each and every service member for the freedom of this country. The words of Wyatt should motivate the Airmen to feel honor for their participation which will likely increase mission effectiveness. c. This answer is INCORRECT. According to Culture and Heritage chapter, military culture and Airmanship comprises the beliefs and attitudes within a military organization that shape its collective preferences toward the use of force. These beliefs and attitudes are shaped by what we know and believe about the use of military force in four dimensions: speed, range, altitude, and time; and their relationship to the air and space-operating environment. However, the scenario illustrates Wyatt understanding of the Air Force culture and heritage and is enabling him to explain the importance of retreat ceremony. The words of Wyatt should motivate the Airmen to feel honor for their participation which will likely increase mission effectiveness.

11. CORRECT ANSWER: a RATIONALE a. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Diversity chapter, FAIR Way employs four techniques for maximizing retention and productivity and maintaining effective working relationship in workplaces. Telling crude jokes that attack the cultural background of anyone is unacceptable. TSgt Wyatt needs to reinforce the Air Force Zero Tolerance policy when it comes to diversity with some team members. Acting as a force for the acceptance of diversity and addressing the perceived diversity issues as quickly as possible should help the team continue to work well together. b. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Diversity chapter, Diversity Awareness is the ability to recognize and respond to the needs of various groups within an organization to improve working relationships, productivity, customer satisfaction, and unit and mission effectiveness. In the scenario, TSgt Wyatt does not act on the diversity issue; rather, he makes the members that brought it up feel guilty and tries to avoid the issue which will have negative impact on mission effectiveness. c. The answer is INCORRECT. According to the Diversity chapter, Social Sensitivity is the keen awareness and understanding of others' emotions, feelings, personality, temperaments, strengths, cultural differences, values, and beliefs. In the scenario, TSgt Wyatt does not portray those characteristics; instead he makes the members that brought it up feel guilty and tries to avoid the issue at hand.

12. CORRECT ANSWER: a RATIONALE a. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Diversity chapter, Diversity-Supportive Organization embraces all aspects of diversity and exhibits the following characteristics: act proactively, leadership-driven, encourage ownership of initiatives, think inclusively, and mainstream diversity. MSgt Mitchell's work center is not portraying those characteristics and it will negatively affect their mission effectiveness. b. The answer is INCORRECT. According to the Diversity chapter, Diversity-Supportive Organization embraces all aspects of diversity and exhibits the following characteristics: act proactively, leadership-driven, encourage ownership of initiatives, think inclusively, and mainstream diversity. MSgt Mitchell's work center is not portraying those characteristics and it will negatively affect their mission effectiveness. c. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Diversity chapter, Affirmative Action refers to voluntary or m1.

13. CORRECT ANSWER: b RATIONALE: a. This answer is INCORRECT. The scenario does not best illustrate effective use of Dr. Toner's legal test which, according to the Ethical Leadership chapter, is a methodology to help make an ethical decision by asking if it is legal and if not, are you willing to face the legal action? Although Walker may have thought about this, there is no specific evidence in the scenario that he pondered the legal consequences. b. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Ethical Leadership lesson principles, the Three R's of ethical principles are rules, results, and realities. It explains that "rules" gives us the ethical guidance, "results" are the outcomes, the bottom line, and the consequences of not following those rules, and "realities" which recognize the importance of the situation or circumstances. The scenario depicts SSgt Walker thinking through those areas and coming to an ethical decision. c. This answer is INCORRECT. The scenario does not best illustrate effective use of the DOD Joint Staff Guide 5260 which, according to Ethical Leadership chapter, is a self-help handbook to combating terrorism. The scenario best illustrates Walker applying the ethical principle of Three R's and helping the Airman come to an ethical decision.

14. CORRECT ANSWER: a RATIONALE: a. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Ethical Leadership chapter, "drive for success" is one of four categories of ethical traps. It is making decisions based on a "win at all cost" attitude rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct. Stanley fell into that trap by "pencil-whipping" training records to pass the inspection, which could be detrimental to NCO, unit, and mission effectiveness. b. This answer is INCORRECT. Although he is a well respected NCO, nothing in the scenario indicates "worry over image" which, according to the Ethical Leadership chapter, is making decisions based on how the decision will impact one's reputation rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct. Although there could be an argument that Stanley was protecting his reputation by ensuring he passes the inspection, nothing in the scenario speaks to him trying to protect his reputation. c. This answer is INCORRECT. Nothing in the scenario indicates "ethical relativism" which, according to the Ethical Leadership chapter, is one of four categories of ethical traps. It is making decisions based on personal values/beliefs rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct. There is no evidence of values conflict or Stanley making a decision based on personal beliefs/values. andated programs developed for the purpose of overcoming imbalances in the workforce that affect designated

15. CORRECT ANSWER: c RATIONALE: a. This answer is INCORRECT. Nothing in this scenario addresses Functional Component Commands which, according to the Joint Organization chapter, are established to control military operations by CCDRs and CDRs of subordinate unified commands and JFCs. It is establish to integrate planning; reduce their span of control; and/or significantly improve combat efficiency. b. This answer is INCORRECT. Nothing in this scenario addresses Service Component Commands which, according to the Joint Organization lesson, are assigned to the Combatant Command. It consists of a Service component commander and the Service forces to fulfill their support function to the Combatant Command. c. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Joint Organization lesson, Combatant Commands are a command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander and composed of two or more Military Departments. The commander of a combatant command has the full authority to organize and employ commands and forces as necessary to accomplish assigned missions. It also shows how Skinner's knowledge of Joint Organizations (Combatant Commands) impacts his effectiveness, as evidence by Soho's final statement.

16. CORRECT ANSWER: b RATIONALE: a. This answer is INCORRECT. The scenario does not explain the importance of Air Combat Command which, according to the Joint Organization chapter, supports the objectives of the National Defense Strategy by operating fighter; bomber; intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance; combat search and rescue; battle management; electronic-combat and unmanned aircraft system platforms. b. This answer is CORRECT. According to chapter principles, AFSPC is responsible for organizing, training, and equipping mission ready space and cyberspace forces which MSgt Jenkins is part of as network operation manager. Jenkins and Simpkins is part of a command that has an important role in providing space capabilities in support for combatant commanders throughout the world. Without that support, missions all over the world will fail due to the Air Force's reliance on cyberspace, space, weather, and intelligence reconnaissance. c. This answer is INCORRECT. The scenario does not explain the importance of Air Force Global Strike Command which, according to Joint Organization chapter, provides combat-ready forces for nuclear deterrence and global strike operations (safe, secure, and reliable) to support the president of the United States and combatant commanders. It is responsible for organizing, training, and equipping the Air Force's missile and bomber wings.

17. CORRECT ANSWER: b RATIONALE a. This answer is INCORRECT. Although the scenario mentions classified information, nothing in the scenario addresses secrecy. Maneuver which according to the Joint Warfighter chapter is one of the principles of war that gives the ability to quickly integrate a force and strike an adversary's strategic or operational centers of gravity are the essence of maneuver. b. This answer is CORRECT. In this scenario, the Air Force is providing airlift to the Army, which according to the Joint Warfighter chapter is one example of a supporting capability (one service using its functions to support another service). In addition, JP 1-02 defines a joint campaign as one in which elements of two or more departments that are military participate. c. This answer is INCORRECT. Nothing in the scenario indicates maneuver and surprise, which according to the Joint Warfighter chapter, are guidelines that commanders can use to form and select courses of action and concepts of operation.

18. CORRECT ANSWER: c RATIONALE: a. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Joint Warfighter chapter, Tactical Actions are battles, engagement, and or strikes conducted by combat forces of a single or a JIIM, coordinated in time and place, to achieve strategic or operational objectives. The paragraph summarizes an irregular warfare where the nature and characteristics are significantly different than traditional warfare. b. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Joint Warfighter chapter, Adversarial Crisis Response is applied when other instruments of national power are unable to influence a deteriorating or potentially hostile situation; military force may be required to demonstrate U.S. resolve and capability. The scenario illustrates an irregular warfare used by adversaries. c. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Joint Warfighter chapter, Irregular Warfare favors indirect and asymmetric warfare approaches in order to erode an adversary's power, influence, and will. Some of the asymmetric capabilities used are suicide bombers, improvised explosive devices, and the cover of civilian populations.

19. CORRECT ANSWER: a RATIONALE: a. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Cross-Cultural Awareness chapter, Air Force Cross-Cultural Competence Model illustrates how you can influence your environment through active learning approaches coupled with knowledge and motivation. TSgt Jonson has demonstrated that by taking what he has learned from the pamphlet developed by the Air Force Cultural and Language Center and applying it in the local Afghan community. His initiative in doing so exemplifies a motivation of an Airman wanting to make a positive difference in a deployment. b. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Cross-Cultural Awareness chapter, Learning and Knowledge is one of twelve domains of culture humans commonly organize cultural knowledge, belief, and behavior. In this domain, it addresses the method of teaching children the skills and knowledge they will need to function as adults in society. There is nothing in the scenario to indicate such activity is taking place. This scenario is an example of an Airman applying the concept of Air Force 3C Model to be more effective on his deployment. c. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Cross-Cultural Awareness chapter, Political and Social Relations is one of the domains of culture. Although the scenario mentions TSgt Jonson's interaction with the local community, the scenario does not show a patterned way of applying power in a society to lawfully regulate behavior. The scenario is an example of an Airman applying the concept of Air Force 3C Model to be more effective on his deployment.

20. CORRECT ANSWER: c RATIONALE a. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Cross-Cultural Awareness chapter, you negotiate to overcome differences and resolve conflict. This scenario shows Special Agent Mirza communicating with a tribal elder to overcome misunderstandings. b. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Cross-Cultural Awareness chapter, you relate with individuals from other cultures to work effectively. This scenario shows Special Agent Mirza communicating with a tribal elder to overcome misunderstandings. Through his communication, the mission is accomplished successfully. c. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Cross-Cultural Awareness chapter, knowledge alone is insufficient to achieve cross-cultural competence. To exert positive influence in culturally complex environments, Airmen must be able to "operationalize" their knowledge. Special Agent Mirza uses the skill of communicating to avoid misunderstandings with the tribal elder. His work increases his unit's effectiveness and accomplishes the mission.

21. CORRECT ANSWER: c RATIONALE: a. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Nuclear Enterprise lesson, reliability ensures nuclear weapons system reliability through exhaustive testing, inspection, and maintenance program to guarantee the weapons and delivery systems will work; and that only those persons whose behavior demonstrates integrity and reliability shall be allowed to perform duties associated with nuclear weapons. Additionally, nuclear deterrence is the prevention from action by fear of consequences. In the scenario, the integrity of Trip might be in question but it does not depict weapon system reliability or nuclear deterrence concerns. It is more of violation of safety element because the technician failed to follow the explicit directions of technical procedures. b. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Nuclear Enterprise lesson, security is one of three key elements of nuclear surety. It is protection of nuclear assets against unauthorized access, and the protection against unauthorized actions, vandalism, sabotage, and malevolent damage. Additionally, non-proliferation is the goal of world leaders to prevent the production, distribution, and use of nuclear weapons. In the scenario, there is no evidence of security concerns of the nuclear weapons or concerns with non-proliferation objective but there is a safety concern. Trip had dismissed the problem that could result in a nuclear mishap and negatively affect Nuclear Enterprise. c. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Nuclear Enterprise chapter, safety is one of three key elements of nuclear surety. It consists of program guidance, system evaluation, safety assurance, and for conduct of safe nuclear weapon system operations. Trip violated that by disregarding what he knew to be a safety issue and justified it by telling himself that others have verified the system and it was cleared. This could result in a nuclear mishap and degradation of nuclear employment.

22. CORRECT ANSWER: b RATIONALE: a. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Nuclear Enterprise chapter, reliability is maintain through exhaustive testing, inspection, and maintenance program to guarantee the weapons and delivery systems will work if ever called upon. There is no evidence in the scenario that would indicate reliability of the weapon is a concern, but it does illustrate possible compromise of the nuclear weapons security and degradation of nuclear surety. b. This answer is CORRECT. According to the Nuclear Enterprise chapter, security is the total spectrum of procedures, facilities, equipment, and personnel employed to protect nuclear weapon. In this scenario, security of the nuclear weapons is compromised due to uncertainty of the alarm system integrity. Field should have followed the Air Base Instruction and reported the incident immediately. Compromise of the nuclear weapons security is a serious matter and will cause degradation of nuclear surety. c. This answer is INCORRECT. According to the Nuclear Enterprise chapter, security is total spectrum of procedures, facilities, equipment, and personnel employed to protect nuclear weapon which is in question in this scenario. However, there is no evidence of violation of the two-person concept. It is a compromise of nuclear weapons security and degradation of nuclear surety.