NBDE Part 1 – Anatomy – Flashcards
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_____ forms the floor of middle cranial fossa
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Petrous temporal bone
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Petrous temporal bone seperates which cranial fossas?
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Middle and Posterior
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Middle meningeal A. is located in which cranial fossa?
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Middle
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Middle meningeal A. exits the skull through which foramen?
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Foramen Spinosum
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Which nasal bone is its own bone?
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Inferior nasal concha
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Greater wing of Sphenoid is in which cranial fossa?
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Middle
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What are the 3 foramen located in the greater wing of Sphenoid?
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Foramen Rotundum, Ovale, Spinosum
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Which artery is the major blood supply to the orbit and eye?
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Ophthalmic A.
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Ophthalmic A. is a branch of which artery?
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Internal Carotid A.
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Ophthalmic A. enters the orbit with _____ Nerve, through the _____ canal.
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Optic N, Optic canal
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The Schniderian Membrane lines which sinus?
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Maxillary
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Olfactory N. (CN I) projects to the ____ ____ cortex.
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primary olfactory
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Where is Kiesselbach's Plexus located?
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on the anterior portion of nasal septum
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What is the Kiesselbach's Plexus?
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the anastamosis of 5 arteries: - Sphenopalatine - Greater palatine of maxillary A. - Superior labial of facial A. - Anterior ethmoid A. of internal carotid A. - Lateral nasal branches of facial A.
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A surgical approach to the pituitary gland is through which sinus?
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sphenoid
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The middle meatus contains openings for which sinuses?
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Frontal sinus, anterior and middle ethmoid sinus, maxillary sinus
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Cartilage of the external nose is composed of what type of cartilage?
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hyaline
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Mandibular canal traverses the mandibular body and opens anteriorly at the ____ foramen.
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Mental
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The lingula is a tongue shaped projection located above the ____ foramen.
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Mandibular
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What attaches to the lingula?
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Sphenomandibular ligament
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What is meningitis?
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Inflammation of the meninges
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An epidural hematoma involves which artery?
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Middle meningeal A.
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A subarachnoid hematoma involves which vein?
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a bridging V.
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A subarachnoid hemorrahage is due to?
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a ruptured aneurysm - EX: anterior communicating A.
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When performing a lumbar punture, what are the structures that get pierced from the outside in?
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Skin - subcutaneous tissue - supraspinous ligament - interspinous ligament - ligamentum flavum - epidural space - subdural space - subarachnoid space
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Drainage of the head and brain is via which vein?
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Internal jugular V.
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The superior petrosal sinus connects which two sinuses?
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Cavernous sinus and sigmoid sinus
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Internal jugular V. is formed by which 2 sinuses?
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Inferior petrosal sinus and sigmoid sinus
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Which nerve is most likely affected from a laterally expanding pituitary tumor? Why?
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Abducens N., because it is medially located within the cavernous sinus
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Abducens N. innervates?
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lateral rectus
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The anterior facial V. is connected to the pterygoid plexus via which vein?
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Deep facial V.
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Choroid plexus and ventricular system function to regulate?
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Intracranial pressure
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_____ cells can produce CSF
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Ependymal
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Hydrocephalus is due to?
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build up of CSF
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Noncommunicating hydrocephalus is due to an obstruction in?
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the ventricular system
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Communicating hydrocephalus is due to an obstruction in?
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the subarachnoid space
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The blood-brain barrier is absent in what 4 areas?
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hypothalamus, pineal gland, area of 4th ventricle and areas near 3rd ventricle
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What are the 3 components that make up the blood-brain barrier?
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Blood-CSF barrier, Vascular-endothelial barrier, Arachnoid barrier
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Vertebral arteries are branches of what artery?
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Subclavian A.
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Does the internal carotid artery have branches in the neck?
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No
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Ophthalmic A. is a branch of the internal carotid A. and gives off the ____ ____ ____ - which supplies the nasal cavity.
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Anterior ethmoidal branch
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____ ____ artery is the largest branch of the internal carotid artery. Is it a part of the circle of willis?
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Middle cerebral, no
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_____ arteries are branches of the middle cerebral A. and often involved in strokes. Why?
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Leticulostriate, b/c they are thin walled and can easily rupture
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Where is the tongue derived from?
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the first 4 pharyngeal arches
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The tongue is innervated by the associated nerves of those arches. What are the nerves associated with Arches 1-4?
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Arch 1 - CN V - Trigeminal Arch 2 - CN VII - Facial Arch 3 - CN IX - Glossopharyngeal Arch 4 - CN X - Vagus
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All tastebuds are vascular, except?
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Filiform
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All tongue muscles are innervated by CN XII (hypoglossal), except?
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Palatoglossus
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What muscles attach to the genial tubercles?
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Genioglossus and Geniohyoid
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The tongue's arterial supply is via?
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Lingual A.
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Veins of the tongue drain into?
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Internal jugular V.
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Lingual artery lies (medial/lateral) to the hyoglossus?
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Medial
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Lingual nerve and vein lie (medial/lateral) to the hyoglossus?
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Lateral
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Submandibular duct lies (medial/lateral) to the hyoglossu?
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Lateral
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Hypoglossal N. lies (medial/lateral) to the hyoglossus?
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Lateral
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Are the palatal salivary glands mostly mucous or serous?
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mostly mucous
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The soft palate attaches to the tongue by the ____ ____ and to the pharynx by the ____ ____
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Glossopalatine (palatoglossal) arches, palatopharyngeal arches
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Most muscles of the soft palate attach to?
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the palatal aponeurosis
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What are the 2 muscles that prevent food from entering into nasopharynx?
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Tensor veli palatine, Levator veli palatine
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What are the nerves that make up the Pharyngeal Plexus?
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CN IX - Glossopharyngeal CN X - Vagus CN XI - Accessory
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What is the function of the Pharyngeal Plexus?
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to provide innervation to pharyngeal constrictors - palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, circopharyngeus
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_____ muscle is the only muscle of the pharynx supplied by CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
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Stylopharyngeus
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Where can food get stuck while swallowing?
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Vallecula/pyriform recess
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What is the pathway of tears, beginning at the lacrimal gland?
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Lacrimal puncta - lacrimal canals (superior/inferior) - lacrimal sac - nasolacrimal duct - inferior meatus, which is located beneath the inferior nasal concha
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Postganglionic nerves from the ___ ganglion exit via the ___ ___ ___ and join the ___ nerves to supply the lacrimal gland.
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Pterygopalatine, inferior orbital fissure, lacrimal (of V-1)
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Lingual A. and Facial A. are both branches of?
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external carotid artery
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Describe the lymphatic drainage of the 3 major salivary glands.
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Parotid Gland: parotid nodes - superior deep cervical lymph nodes Submandibular/Sublingual Gland: submandibular and deep cervical nodes
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Which salivary gland emits the highest volume of salivary fluid per day?
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Submandibular gland
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Which salivary gland produces the 2nd highest volume of salivary fluid per day?
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Parotid gland
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What are the 2 glands to secrete serous only saliva?
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Parotid and von Ebner glands
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Left lateral pterygoid muscle moves the mandible to the (right/left).
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Right
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Injury to the left lateral pterygoid muscles causes the jaw to deviate to the (left/right).
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Left - the injured side
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A subcondylar fracture will cause the mandible do deviate to the (injured/non-injured) side.
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injured
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What are the muscles of mastication? Innervation?
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Masseter, temporalis, medial/lateral pterygoids, CN V: V-3
