question

The U.S Court case that upheld the legality of "separate but equal" policies was

answer

Plessy v. Ferguson

question

The original purpose of the 14th Amendment was to

answer

guarantee citizenship to newly freed slaves

question

The 15th Amendment makes it constitutional to

answer

deny someone the right to vote based on race or color

question

The Equal Protection Clause applies primarily to the actions of

answer

governments

question

Which of the following established curfews for blacks in the South?

answer

Jim Crow laws

question

_______ became the social instrument by which blacks in the South were restricted and "kept in their place" through the use of laws.

answer

Segregation

question

The phrase "all men are created equal" comes from

answer

the Declaration of Independence

question

The U.S. Supreme's Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

answer

overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine

question

The question of how the equal protection clause will be applied in the specific circumstances of discrimination on the basis of race is known as

answer

strict scrutiny test

question

School busing was used to address the issue of

answer

de facto segregation

question

After Plessy v. Ferguson legalized the "separate but equal" concept, the NAACP first attacked segregation by arguing that

answer

facilities for African Americans were not equal to those for white Americans

question

The Supreme Court ruling in Brown struck down laws in ____ states and the District of Columbia

answer

21

question

In its early years, the NAACP focused on

answer

legal strategies

question

_____ gained national notoriety as a result of leading the Montgomery bus boycott

answer

Martin Luther King, Jr.

question

The strategy of breaking the law nonviolently in order to protest a law one considers unjust and draw attention to one's cause is

answer

civil disobedience

question

The civil rights movement appeared to have peaked in the

answer

late 1960s

question

The goal of the Montgomery bus boycott was to

answer

end segregation on public transportation

question

Why did civil rights advocates shift their focus to congressional act in 1964?

answer

The Constitution, the courts had ruled, does not govern the activities of private individuals

question

Which of these is an example of a practice that was made illegal by the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

answer

Having separate waiting rooms for whites and blacks in bus terminals where interstate buses arrive and depart

question

Which of the following is an example of nonviolent direct action?

answer

Staging a sit-in at a racially segregated private business

question

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was created by the

answer

Civil Rights Act of 1964

question

_____ can refer to racial and ethnic representation in the student body and faculty of a university.

answer

Diversity

question

Policies called _______ are designed to give special attention or compensatory treatment to member of previously disadvantaged groups.

answer

Affirmative action

question

Although the gains of civil rights movement in the 1960s were important, they were gains in opportunities rather than results. This meant that

answer

striking inequalities still existed in American society

question

A set-aside program is a governmental program in which

answer

a specified number or percentage of contracts must go to designated minorities

question

Since the Bakke case in 1987. affirmative action programs may

answer

use race as a factor

question

When it comes to classification for making decisions about policies or programs, which of the following is considered an "inherently suspect" category?

answer

Race

question

Hispanics have predominantly identified themselves with the ______ Party, although their voter turnout is consistently weak.

answer

Democratic

question

One reason that Mexican American voter turnout is lower than that of other ethnic group is that

answer

many are resident aliens or illegal immigrants who cannot vote

question

One reason that civil rights issues for ______ continue to gain prominence is because they are not the largest minority group in the United States.

answer

Latinos/Hispanics

question

What is legislation granted amnesty to illegal aliens living in the United States for years prior to its enactment?

answer

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

question

Who led much of the civil rights activity among Hispanics, especially farmworkers, in the 1960s?

answer

Cesar Chavez

question

What might explain why Puerto Ricans have not fared as well economically as other Hispanic groups within the United States?

answer

They have lower workforce participation

question

Which of the following is the oldest minority group in America?

answer

American Indians

question

Why did the 14th Amendment not grant American Indians citizenship in 1868?

answer

As an indigenous people of limited sovereignty, they were not eligible for citizenship

question

What is the legal status of American Indians today under the Constitution?

answer

They are recognized as quasi-sovereign tribal entitites

question

What legislation governed American Indian policy for decades?

answer

The Dawes Act of 1887

question

What piece of legislation fought to restore Native tribal structures by recognizing these nations as instruments of the federal government?

answer

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

question

What action does the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) require employers to take on behalf of disabled workers?

answer

Provide "reasonable accommodations"

question

The _______ Act prohibits discrimination against disabled people in private employment, government programs, public accommodations, and telecommunications.

answer

Americans with Disabilities

question

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act,

answer

new buses must be accessible to disable persons

question

In the early twentieth century, the feminist movement concentrated on women's

answer

suffrage

question

After passing both houses of Congress in 1972, ________ was never passed, because it did not receive ratification from the necessary number of states.

answer

the Equal Rights Amendment

question

Which of the following is used to strike down laws and practices that constitute gender discrimination in the workplace?

answer

The VII of the Civil Rights Act

question

One reason there is an earnings gap between men and women in the American workforce is because

answer

traditional male jobs are more highly compensated than traditional female jobs

question

What does the Federal Equal Credit Opportunity Act (1974) prohibit?

answer

Gender discrimination in credit transactions

question

A discrimination suit using standards that require classifications have "reasonable and not arbitrary" grounding would be applied to which of these examples?

answer

A law using a gender-based classification

question

What is one of the three prongs of Title IX?

answer

Opportunities for athletic participation proportional to enrollment

question

The end of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell," a Department of Defense policy that allows homosexuals to serve in the military proved that they do not make their sexual preferences public, is one example of

answer

transitioning public attitudes towards homosexuality

question

The Defense of Marriage Act

answer

permits states to refuse to recognize gay marriages issued to other states

question

In Lawrence v. Texas, why did the Supreme Court reverse its position on sodomy?

answer

The court recognized homosexuals' right to liberty under the due process clause

question

Arguably, which of the following groups has been the slowest in pursuing their civil rights claims?

answer

Homosexuals

question

The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were primarily intended to benefit

answer

former slaves in the South

question

Throughout history, America's most vexing and polarizing political concern has been _________. This continues to remain true today.

answer

equality

question

In 1787, what did the constitution stipulate about slavery?

answer

It recognized and protected slavery

question

In what way are today's classrooms different as a result of the Supreme Court's historic decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

answer

Schools can no longer discriminate based on race

question

De facto segregation

answer

is more common in the North than in the South

question

Before Brown v. Board of Education, what was the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's strategy to abolish segregation?

answer

Achieving the "equal" portion of "separate but equal"

question

In which of the following examples would you be engaging in nonviolent civil disobedience to protest a tuition increase at your school?

answer

You participate in a sit-in that takes over the college president's office

question

________ has been particularly important for the advancement of civil rights.

answer

The mobilization of masses of people

question

The Plessy v. Ferguson ruling ushered in the Jim Crow era in the South. How was this era brought to a close by the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

answer

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed any form of discrimination in public accommodations on the basis of race and color

question

In order to address past discrimination and ensure a diverse environment in school, a university may institute admission policies based on

answer

affirmative action

question

To survive strict scrutiny, race-based government action must

answer

be narrowly tailored to serve a compelling government interest

question

Which of the following is true of Americans and equal rights?

answer

Americans' belief in equal rights has historically translated into a belief of equal opportunity

question

______ conditions in Mexico and elsewhere in Central America continue to fuel immigration, legal and illegal, to the United States.

answer

Economic

question

Why has the voting strength of Mexican Americans never matched their numbers in the population?

answer

Many Mexican Americans are indocumentados

question

The Equal Protection Clause in the ______ declares that no state can "deny to any person withing its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

answer

14th Amendment

question

What was the main benefit of the Dawes commission?

answer

It created tribal enrollment for American Indians

question

What action does the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) require employees to take on behalf of disabled workers?

answer

Provide "reasonable accommodation"

question

What is a sign that the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is having an effect on American life?

answer

The increasing number of public facilities that have been made accessible through the use of wheelchair ramps

question

In what visible way has Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 affected college campuses?

answer

It increased the number of women's sports teams

question

Similar to their work in the abolitionist movement, women activists after the Civil War succeeded in changing a number of laws that treated married women as

answer

chattel of their husbands

Nat Gov Chapter 15 – Flashcards

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