Question 1

18. Which of the following can be marketed? a. people b. places c. products d. ideas e. all of the above

Accepted Answer

e. all of the above

Question 2

19. ________ can simply be described as \"how we see the world around us.\"  a. Knowledge  b. Perception  c. Motivation  d. Attitude  e. Understanding

Accepted Answer

b. Perception

Question 3

20. Products, packages, brand names, advertisements, and commercials are examples of ________.  a. sensations  b. receptors  c. realities  d. stimuli  e. intensities

Accepted Answer

d. stimuli

Question 4

21. The point at which a person can detect a difference between \"something\" and \"nothing\" is that person\'s ________ for that stimulus.  a. adaptation level  b. absolute threshold  c. just noticeable difference  d. differential threshold  e. sensory adaptation

Accepted Answer

b. absolute threshold

Question 5

22. Purchases that are made impulsively, and usually as a result of emotional stimulus, are referred to as: a. unanticipated buying b. unsought goods c. unplanned goods d. unneeded acquisitions

Accepted Answer

b. unsought goods

Question 6

23. Which of the following is true of j.n.d.?  a. Decreasing prices below consumers\' j.n.d. is likely to cause a significant rise in sales.  b. Making product improvements that far exceed consumers\' j.n.d. is likely to maximize company revenues.  c. There is no j.n.d. for decreased product volume sold in existing packaging  d. Making drastic changes to a company\'s logo to an extent well beyond just below consumers\' j.n.d. allows companies to update their image without losing their ready recognition.  e. Increasing prices below consumers\' j.n.d. is likely to go unnoticed by consumers.

Accepted Answer

b. Making product improvements that far exceed consumers\' j.n.d. is likely to maximize company revenues.  e. Increasing prices below consumers\' j.n.d. is likely to go unnoticed by consumers.

Question 7

24. Individuals express their need for ________ by organizing their perceptions so that they form a complete picture.  a. closure  b. interpretation  c. grouping  d. figure-ground patterns  e. exposure

Accepted Answer

a. closure

Question 8

25. Learning is pervasive in our lives, but there are two different theories on how people learn - the ________ theories and the ________ theories.  a. behavioral; affective  b. cognitive; rational  c. behavioral; cognitive  d. emotional; affective  e. experiential; intentional

Accepted Answer

c. behavioral; cognitive

Question 9

26. ________ is based on the premise that observable responses to specific external stimuli signal that learning has taken place. a. Perceived learning b. Behavioral learning c. Cognitive learning d. Associative learning e. Modernist learning

Accepted Answer

b. Behavioral learning

Question 10

27. If you usually listen to the 6 o\'clock news while waiting for dinner to be served, you would tend to associate the news with dinner, and eventually the sound of the 6 o\'clock news alone might cause your mouth to water even if dinner was not being prepared. This is known as ________.  a. instrumental conditioning  b. classical conditioning  c. conditional learning  d. behavioral learning  e. perceptual learning

Accepted Answer

b. classical conditioning

Question 11

28. According to Maslow\'s hierarchy of needs, protection, order, and stability are examples of ________. a. self-actualization needs  b. egoistic needs  c. social needs  d. safety and security needs  e. physiological needs

Accepted Answer

d. safety and security needs

Question 12

29. ________ motivations drive people toward some object or condition, whereas ________ motivations drive people away from some object or condition.  a. Avoidance; affirmative  b. Positive; negative  c. Ought; ideal  d. Acquired; innate  e. Primary; secondary

Accepted Answer

b. Positive; negative

Question 13

30. In a consumer behavior context, ________ are learned predispositions to behave in a consistently favorable or unfavorable way with respect to a given object.  a. attitudes  b. beliefs  c. values  d. feelings  e. intentions

Accepted Answer

a. attitudes

Question 14

31. Which of the following is true of attitudes and their relationship with behavior? a. Attitudes are permanent, but the behaviors they reflect change over time. b. Consumers always demonstrate consistency between their attitudes and their behaviors. c. There is no demonstrable link between attitudes and behavior. d. When consumers are free to act as they wish, we anticipate that their actions will be consistent with their attitudes. e. Attitude change is always followed by behavior change.

Accepted Answer

d. When consumers are free to act as they wish, we anticipate that their actions will be consistent with their attitudes.

Question 15

32. According to the ________, attitudes consist of three major components: an affective component, a behavioral component, and a cognitive component.  a. dual mediation model  b. ABC attitude model  c. self-perception theory  d. multiattribute attitude model  e. functional approach

Accepted Answer

b. ABC attitude model

Question 16

33. Roy is looking to buy a new HDTV set. He knows from friends that LCD set screens reflect less light than plasma set screens, but that LCD sets are also more subject to blurring than plasma sets. This is an example of the ________ component of his attitude toward HDTVs. a. conative  b. behavioral c. cognitive  d. affective  e. situational

Accepted Answer

c. cognitive

Question 17

34. The series of steps in attitude formation that consumers go through in the experiential hierarchy of effects is as follows: a. cognition > affect > behavior b. affect > behavior > cognition c. cognition > behavior > affect d. behavior > affect > cognition e. affect > cognition > behavior

Accepted Answer

b. affect > behavior > cognition

Question 18

35. ________ portray consumers\' attitudes with regard to an attitude object as a function of consumers\' perceptions and assessment of the key attributes or beliefs of that object.  a. Multiattribute attitude models  b. Functional models  c. Dual mediation models  d. Cognitive dissonance theories  e. Tricomponent attitude models

Accepted Answer

a. Multiattribute attitude models

Question 19

36. Which of following tricomponent attitude models are related to involvement paradox which the less important the product is to consumers, the more important are many of the marketing stimuli? a. Standard learning hierarchy b. Experiential hierarchy c. Low-involvement hierarchy d. Attitude hierarchy

Accepted Answer

c. Low-involvement hierarchy

Question 20

37. Ben has a positive attitude toward Nova Hiking Gear because a pair of Nova hiking boots he owns has proven to be very durable and to provide good support during long hikes. Ben has formed this attitude based on the boots\' ________.  a. ego-defensive function  b. utilitarian function  c. value-expressive function  d. knowledge function  e. intention function

Accepted Answer

b. utilitarian function

Question 21

38. When Ralph Lauren introduced the American Living brand to J. C. Penney, the company wanted to be certain that Penny customers would feel comfortable buying and using the brand.This is an example of ______ in action. a. market segmentation b. balance theory c. a multi-attribute model d. TORA

Accepted Answer

b. balance theory

Question 22

39. If an undergraduate student was considering getting a tattoo and stopped to ask herself what her parents would think of such behavior, such a reflection would constitute her ________. a. internal attribution b. subjective norm c. direct experience d. external attribution e. niche

Accepted Answer

b. subjective norm

Question 23

40. When HP challenges the notion that computers do not have to be difficult to use by stating that their product \"is as simple as duh,\" it is altering a component of the multi-attribute model to change attitudes. Which attitude change strategy is it using?  a. changing the relative evaluation of attributes  b. adding an attribute  c. changing the overall brand rating  d. changing consumers\' subjective norms

Accepted Answer

a. changing the relative evaluation of attributes  c. changing the overall brand rating

Question 24

41. ________ is how consumers see actually see themselves, whereas ________ refers to how consumers would like to see themselves.  a. Ideal self-image; ideal social self-image  b. Actual self-image; ideal self-image  c. Social self-image; self-image  d. Actual social self-image; ideal social self-image  e. Ideal self-image; actual social self-image

Accepted Answer

b. Actual self-image; ideal self-image

Question 25

42. How can marketers use an understanding of consumers\' personalities to market their products? a. Marketers can rely on consistent consumption behavior over time because consumers\' personalities are consistent over time. b. Marketers can change consumers\' personalities to conform to their products. c. Marketers can attempt to appeal to the relevant traits inherent in their target group of consumers. d. Marketers can use an understanding of consumers\' personalities to create consumer needs. e. In creating marketing messages, marketers can accurately presume that consumers\' personalities constitute the single factor that influences how consumers behave.

Accepted Answer

c. Marketers can attempt to appeal to the relevant traits inherent in their target group of consumers.

Question 26

43. Collectivism culture such as Korean and China stress the importance of - The collective self (person\'s identity comes from group) and the interdependent self (person\'s identity defined from relationships with others). a. actual self b. social self c. ideal self d. multiple self

Accepted Answer

b. social self

Question 27

44. According to trait theory of personality, consumers who prefer ads featuring celebrities rather than ads with extensive copy may: a. have low self-esteem b. be compulsive buyers c. be introverts d. have low need for cognition (NC)

Accepted Answer

d. have low need for cognition (NC)

Question 28

21. The term refers to the age segmentation of the population that was born between 1946 and 1964 and accounts for nearly one-fourth of U.S. consumers.  a. Baby Boomers  b. Generation X  c. Depression Generation  d. Generation Y  e. Pre-depression Generation

Accepted Answer

a. Baby Boomers

Question 29

22. Generation Y, Generation X, baby boomers, and seniors are four subcultural segments based on ________.  a. race  b. age c. gender  d. geographic location  e. religion

Accepted Answer

b. age

Question 30

23. According to the textbook, ________ is the age segmentation that was born between 1965 and 1980, is currently in its peak reproductive years, and is often centered on family and home. a. Baby Boomers  b. Generation X  c. Depression Generation  d. Generation Y  e. Pre-depression Generation

Accepted Answer

b. Generation X

Question 31

24. Which type of reference group influences is illustrated by the following example:Buying clothing that bears the \"Made in the USA\" tag, reflecting the value of national loyalty. a. membership influences b. value-express influences c. informational influences d. utilitarian influences e. dissociative influences

Accepted Answer

b. value-express influences

Question 32

25. A husband and wife and one or more children, together with at least one grandparent living within the household, constitutes a(n) ________.  a. empty nest  b. married couple  c. extended family  d. single-parent family  e. nuclear family

Accepted Answer

c. extended family

Question 33

26. For each life cycle stage, marketers who do this will become/remain successful: a. develop new products to meet needs. b. develop new and appropriate marketing strategies. c. determine which products and services appeal to those in each phase. d. create more generic products that will appeal to people at any stage. e. a, b, and c

Accepted Answer

e. a, b, and c

Question 34

27. Household decision-making roles: a. are essentially the same in traditional and non-traditional families. b. usually do not change. c. are behaviors that are often performed automatically. d. have little to do with determining what to buy. e. all of the above

Accepted Answer

c. are behaviors that are often performed automatically.

Question 35

28. Which type of social influence is defined in the following statement: \"A type of pressure that requires a person to conform to the expectations of others.\"? a. absolute social influence b. contemporary social influence c. informational social influence d. normative social influence e. conformance social influence

Accepted Answer

d. normative social influence

Question 36

29. The three responses to social influence are: a. conformity, consensus, compliance b. conformity, continuity, consensus c. conformity, compliance, obedience d. conformity, compliance, confusion e. conformity, consensus, confusion

Accepted Answer

c. conformity, compliance, obedience

Question 37

30. All of the following variations can occur during Stage IV (Mid-Adulthood) of the twenty- first century family life cycle except: a. deciding not to have children b. re-coupling c. blending d. parenting e. there are no exceptions; all are feasible

Accepted Answer

e. there are no exceptions; all are feasible

Question 38

31. During the ________ stage of the traditional family life cycle, married couples tend to be most comfortable financially. a. bachelorhood  b. honeymooner  c. full nester d. empty nester e. dissolution

Accepted Answer

d. empty nester

Question 39

32. Which of the following statements is false? a. empty nesters are not necessarily retired. b. children under 18, still living with parents, are not counted as consumers. c. unmarried partners with children are considered families by today\'s marketing professionals. d. blendedstep-families are considered families by today\'s marketing professionals. e. both a and c

Accepted Answer

b. children under 18, still living with parents, are not counted as consumers.

Question 40

33. All of following factors influence the shift in household decision making process today except: a. growing influence of young people on household decision making b. older household members having more information of new products  c. change in the makeup of the U.S. household d. daily barrage and evolution of media which young members feel more comfortable with than older members do e. today\'s marketing and advertising targeting directly at children

Accepted Answer

b. older household members having more information of new products

Question 41

34. In reference to consumer characteristics, can be determined from direct questioning and categorized by a simple objective measure, whereas ________ are abstract and can be determined only through more complex questioning. a. consumption-specific features; consumer-rooted features b. demographics; psychographics c. psychographics; demographics d. cognitions; facts e. consumer-rooted features; consumption-specific features

Accepted Answer

b. demographics; psychographics

Question 42

35. All of the followings explain primary group influencers except: a. their opinions are very powerful b. they are not included in your circle of closeness c. they are direct influencers d. they are groups with which you have the most contact e. they include family or close friends

Accepted Answer

b. they are not included in your circle of closeness

Question 43

36. The age group of consumers that is expanding most rapidly is: a. infants and children b. teenagers c. senior citizens d. both b and c e. both a and c

Accepted Answer

c. senior citizens

Question 44

37. All of the following are demographic measurements used by marketers, except: a. population b. gender c. income d. values e. occupation

Accepted Answer

d. values

Question 45

38. The size of a given population depends on all of the following factors except: a. immigration b. birthrate c. citizenship d. life expectancy e. both a and d

Accepted Answer

c. citizenship

Question 46

39. The VALS psychographic system uses a framework based on the dimensions of: a. ideals and principles b. motivation and resources c. achievement and self-expression d. values and lifestyles e. motivation and values

Accepted Answer

b. motivation and resources

Question 47

40. Trends in the markets, such as shifts in age, gender, and income distribution, are often detected through ________ information. a. demographic b. sociocultural c. psychological d. physiological e. use-related

Accepted Answer

a. demographic

Question 48

41. In the study of psychographics, marketers are interested in consumers\': a. values b. activities c. interests d. opinions e. all of the above

Accepted Answer

e. all of the above

Question 49

42. The theory behind geodemographic segmentation is that ________.  a. people who have the same activities, interests, and objectives will purchase the same products  b. people with the same cultural heritage will have similar needs and values c. people who live in the same area share some similar needs and wants that differ from those of people living in other areas  d. people who speak the same language have very similar needs and values  e. all people living in the same country will have very similar needs and can be best served by a single advertising campaign

Accepted Answer

c. people who live in the same area share some similar needs and wants that differ from those of people living in other areas

Question 50

43. In the VALS psychographic system all of the following forces motivate consumers except: a. resources b. ideals c. achievement d. self-expression e. both c and d

Accepted Answer

a. resources

Question 51

44. Regarding the distribution of income throughout the United States: a. it is uneven and has become more polarized b. retailers such as Neiman Marcus and Bloomingdale\'s target all income groups c. half of the population has an income of less than $80,000 annually d. the average income of some 20,000 Americans is $3 million e. both c and d

Accepted Answer

a. it is uneven and has become more polarized

Question 52

45. When conducting primary research, marketers may seek to gather information from: a. potential customers b. existing customers c. vendors d. target consumers e. all of above

Accepted Answer

e. all of above

Question 53

46. The most common tool of quantitative research is: a. focus group interviews b. surveys c. blogs d. trunk shows e. a and b

Accepted Answer

b. surveys

Question 54

47. Observational research can be done by: a. watching consumers in a store b. tallying information from frequent-shopper cards scanned at the cash register c. using \"cookies\" to store and later retrieve information about consumers\' Web site purchases d. observing celebrities and other people attending fashion show e. all of the above

Accepted Answer

e. all of the above

Question 55

48. Fashion marketers are keeping pace with new media by communicating with consumers through: a. web sites b. blogs c. e-zines d. text messaging e. all of the above

Accepted Answer

e. all of the above

Question 56

49. If a company hires a celebrity as their spokesperson or a model to appear in ads, what type of membership influences does the company want to generate? a. disassociative group membership influence b. aspirational group membership influence c. associative group membership influence d. conformity group membership influence e. obedience group membership influence

Accepted Answer

b. aspirational group membership influence

Question 57

50. The geodemographic measurement system called PRIZM NE has which marketing advantage? a. it surveys consumers quickly via cell phone or the Internet b. like the government census, it makes a physical count of all citizens c. it combines demographic and psychographic consumer statistics by ZIP codes d. it is used extensively by retailers but is not applicable to other industries e. it measures the motivation and resources of consumers

Accepted Answer

c. it combines demographic and psychographic consumer statistics by ZIP codes

Question 58

21. Extensive, limited problem solving, and routinized are three specific levels of ________.  a. Conjunctive decision rules  b. Economic problem solving  c. Consumer decision making  d. Affect referral rules  e. Gifting behavior

Accepted Answer

c. Consumer decision making

Question 59

22. Which is a right process of consumer decision making? a. Information search/collection - Problem recognition - Review/evaluate the alternatives - Best alternative selection - Evaluation of decision/purchase b. Problem recognition - Information search/collection - Review/evaluate the alternatives - Best alternative selection - Evaluation of decision/purchase c. Problem recognition - Review/evaluate the alternatives - Information search/collection - Best alternative selection - Evaluation of decision/purchase d. Problem recognition - Information search/collection - Review/evaluate the alternatives - Evaluation of decision/purchase - Best alternative selection e. Problem recognition - Information search/collection - Best alternative selection - Review/evaluate the alternatives - Evaluation of decision/purchase

Accepted Answer

b. Problem recognition - Information search/collection - Review/evaluate the alternatives - Best alternative selection - Evaluation of decision/purchase

Question 60

23. In cases of ________, the consumer needs a great deal of information to establish a set of criteria on which to judge specific brands and a correspondingly large amount of information concerning each of the brands to be considered.  a. Extensive problem solving  b. Economic problem solving  c. Limited problem solving  d. Passive problem solving  e. Routinized response behavior

Accepted Answer

a. Extensive problem solving

Question 61

24. A consumer is most likely to use ________ when buying an expensive, important, or technically complicated product or service for the first time. a. Extensive problem solving  b. Economic problem solving  c. Limited problem solving  d. Passive problem solving  e. Routinized response behavior

Accepted Answer

a. Extensive problem solving

Question 62

25. A consumer is most likely to use ________ when purchasing at moderate priced product and/or purchasing a product periodically. a. Extensive problem solving  b. Economic problem solving  c. Limited problem solving  d. Passive problem solving  e. Routinized response behavior

Accepted Answer

c. Limited problem solving

Question 63

26. Which of the following is not an example of internal recognition? a. You run out of breakfast cereal b. You realize the heels on your shoes are badly worn c. You see a TV ad that catches your eye d. You hear your coach talk about wearing a certain brand of shoes e. C and D

Accepted Answer

e. C and D

Question 64

27. Which of the following is not an example of external influences in collecting information? a. TV commercials b. My past experiences and memory c. Advertisements in magazines d. Close friends\' past experiences e. Window display

Accepted Answer

b. My past experiences and memory

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