modern world history final review – Flashcards
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in what way did Descartes' philosophy of science challenge medieval views
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Descartes emphasized the role of doubt, while medieval thinkers emphasized the role of faith
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Why did the church see the heliocentric view of the solar system as a challenge to its authority?
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The Heliocentric view, if correct, might mean god did not put humans at the center of the universe
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Who wrote the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosphy and discovered the force of gravity
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isaac Newton
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What wa sthe major contribution of 16th century flemish doctor andreas vesalius
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He dissected bodies to correct misconceptions about anatomy
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the wright brothers are most famous for
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the first successful manned flight
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Which scientist transformed modern physics by developing the theory of relativity
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Albert Einstein
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What is the Enlightenment philosophy of social contract
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the idea that people surrender some individual freedoms in return for safety and security
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what did the enlightenment philosopher Montesqueu argue in his book the spirit of the laws
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government should be divided into three branches
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what did enlightenment philosophers believe
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individual rights should be protected
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what renaissance idea encouraged the enlightenmentby promoting the importance of the individuals
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humanism
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how did the reformation contribute to the birth of the enlightenment
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it challenged the traditional authority of the church
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how did the scientific revolution contribute to the birth of the enlightenment
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by promoting observations and analysis
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which economic factor was a chief cause of the french revolution
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the burden of taxed in france fell primarily on the third estate
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What action by the french revolutionary assembly deprived the poor and women of full equality
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only "active citizens" were allowed to vote, not " passive citizens"
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How did the ideas of montesquie connect the ancient world with the new world
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he borrowed the idea of three branches of government from the roman republic and passed it along to the american revolutionaries
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how did baron de montesquieu's beliefs influence the development of the united states constitution
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the importance of ensuring no one person of branch in government held all the power influenced the framing of the united states constitution
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what event of the bastille was a tipping point for revolutionaries in france in 1789
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a mob of Parisians liberated several prisoners from the fortress
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What historical event changed Napoleons identity from that of a conqueror to that of a failure
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the battle of Waterloo
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What extreme radical leader enacted the reign of terror
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Maximilien Robespierre
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How did the French revolution affect independence movements in latin america
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latin americans were inspired by french ideals to fight for freedom
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why were creoles in latin America motivated to revolt agains spain and portugal
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they wanted to gain the power to participate in government
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How was the rise of caudillos in latin american countryside a result of independence movements
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caudilos stepped into the power vacuum left by weakened central government
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How did the invention of the cotton gin contribute to the industrial revolution
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it simplified the process of removing seeds from cotton fibers, increasing in the production of raw cotton
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How did teh agricultural revolution help accelerate the industrial revolution
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surplus agricultural labor became available for industrial work.
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How did advancements in the steam engine affect industrialization
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They promoted the spread of industrialization by eliminating the need for water source to power mills
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HOw did the industrial revolution in the united states affect life in the cities
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Rapid urbanization lead to overcrowding and spread of disease
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How did the Lowell system affect the lives of young, unmarried woman in the united states
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it gave them company-owned towns in which to live
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How did robert owen's and adam smiths philosophies differ
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owen believed that economic production should be controlled by the government
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who led boxer rebellion
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chinese nationalist who opposed the exploitation of china by imperialist power
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what caused the first opium war
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british attempts to force china to accept opium as a payment
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what caused the second opium war
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the harsh treaties imposed after the first opium war
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how did the industrial revolution impact imperialism
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european nations used up many of their natural resources, leading them to conquer other lands
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how is the lasting impact of imperialism most evident in the 21st century?
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borders created by imperialist nations have led to modern ethnic tensions
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how did the Franco-Purssian war of 1870-1871 contribute to german unification
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German victory in the war incerased nationalism and patriotism in Germany
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How did unification strengthen Italy as an industrial nation
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resources and technology could be shared across the whole nation
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Which of the following was an effect following german unification
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the European balance of power broke down
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Which these was a result of the Meiji Restoration in Japan in the late 19th Century
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Japans military strength increased
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How did World War I assist the Women's suffrage movement in the US
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Women served valuable jobs during war efforts, breaking down resistance to suffrage
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Which of these sparked labor reform and a more democratic government in Jamaica
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Dissatisfaction with British rule and the great depression
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HOw were the independence movements in vietnam and Kenya similar
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Both movements involved violent conflicts
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What did Mohandas Gandhi and Kenyatta have in Common
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Both led protests against British Rule
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