Middle Cerebral Artery Supplies Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas
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Various arteries help supply blood to the face and the brain. Neurogenic communication disorders are associated with interrupted blood supply to the brain. Of the following statements about the arteries that supply blood to the brain.
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Broca's area and Wernicke's area are supplied by the middle cerebral artery.
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Two or more sounds of different frequencies are called
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complex tones
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The range in a distribution can be defined as
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the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
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A researcher who developed a language acquisition test claims that her test measures what it is supposed to measure because the scores are progressively higher across age groups. She is claiming that her test has what kind of validity?
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Construct validity
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Some researchers have claimed that stuttering may be an operant behavior, which is behavior that is
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changed by its consequences.
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Select the statement that applies to the normal distribution.
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It is based on the arithmetic mean of scores or values.
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The concept of adequate construct validity means that
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test scores are consistent with theoretical concepts or expectations.
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You just completed an assessment of an 8-year-old boy who stutters. When you are offering post-assessment counseling to the boy's parents, they ask you, "What do you think caused stuttering in our son?" How would you answer their question? Select the best among the alternatives given.
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"We can't say for sure in individual cases, but both complex genetic susceptibility and environmental factors may be involved in its causation."
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James, a 4-year-old boy, attends your cleft palate center for a speech evaluation. James was born with a complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. He is unable to close his velopharyngeal port and, as a result, has difficulty producing non-nasal sounds. This patient's non-nasal speech sounds would have which of the following characteristics?
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Hypernasality
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What are cartilages that are cone shaped and located under the mucous membrane that covers the aryepiglottic folds called?
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Cuneiforms
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Waves that repeat themselves at regular intervals are known as
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periodic waves
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A graduate school that bases its admission decisions on a student's GRE scores believes that
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GRE scores have predictive validity
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What is one difficulty with cross-sectional studies?
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The investigator observes differences between subjects of different ages to generalize about developmental changes that would occur within subjects as they mature.
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A graduate school that bases its admission decisions on a student's GRE scores believes that
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GRE scores have predictive validity
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According to Halliday, what are four of the seven functions of communicative intent that develop between 9 and 18 months of age?
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Heuristic, imaginative, interactional, personal
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A 48-year-old patient who had a tracheostomy tube in place was referred for an evaluation. The speech-language pathologist noted that the tube was cuffed and quizzed her student intern about the differences between cuffed and uncuffed tracheostomy tubes. The student replied that an inflated tube
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may restrict laryngeal elevation
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Select the statement that is not true.
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A. Dysarthria and Broca's aphasia may coexist. B. Excessive or even stress on syllables is not a part of ataxic dysarthria. C. Roughly 94% of Parkinson's patients have hypokinetic dysarthria. D. Spastic-ataxic and flaccid-spastic are frequently mixed in the mixed variety of dysarthria.
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A 48-year-old patient who had a tracheostomy tube in place was referred for an evaluation. The speech-language pathologist noted that the tube was cuffed and quizzed her student intern about the differences between cuffed and uncuffed tracheostomy tubes. The student replied that an inflated tube
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may restrict laryngeal elevation
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Hearing loss that occurs when the middle ear and the inner ear are not functioning properly is known as
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mixed hearing loss
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You are assessing a preschool child who comes from an AAE-speaking home. Which of the following utterances reflects typical patterns of AAE?
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"You was helping me."
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Which of the following is a limitation of standardized speech-language tests?
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Inadequate participant and response sampling
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James, a 4-year-old boy, attends your cleft palate center for a speech evaluation. James was born with a complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. He is unable to close his velopharyngeal port and, as a result, has difficulty producing non-nasal sounds. This patient's non-nasal speech sounds would have which of the following characteristics?
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Hypernasality
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Standardized tests are limited in their usefulness because
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they sample participants (children) and responses in a limited manner
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James, a 4-year-old boy, attends your cleft palate center for a speech evaluation. James was born with a complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. He is unable to close his velopharyngeal port and, as a result, has difficulty producing non-nasal sounds. This patient's non-nasal speech sounds would have which of the following characteristics?
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Hypernasality
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A patient complains of muscle fatigue in her larynx. She visits her local hospital, and the specialist decides to insert needle electrodes into the peripheral laryngeal muscles to directly measure laryngeal function. The specialist informs the patient that this procedure is used to study the pattern of electrical activity of the vocal folds and view muscle activity patterns. This procedure is called
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electromyography
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In a therapy session with a clinician and 3-year old child with a language impairment, the child says "more juice." The clinician replies with "You want more of that tasty grape juice poured in your cup." The clinician has just used the technique of:
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Extension
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You are treating a patient who has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. You decide to use an emotion-oriented therapy by playing audio recordings of relatives of the patient. You believe that this approach will decrease the agitation and improve the well-being of the patient. This type of approach is called
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simulated presence therapy (SPT)
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When a vowel (usually /o/ or /u/) is substituted for a syllabic consonant (e.g., a child may say "bado" instead of "bottle," or "noodoo" instead of "noodle"), it is called...
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vocalization
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An 81-year-old bilingual man from Thailand has had a stroke, and you are seeing him for therapy. He is recovering both his primary language and his English skills, but you are working only in English. No interpreters are available, unfortunately, and the family has indicated that they would prefer treatment to be conducted in English, anyway, because many of the patient's grandchildren speak English fluently. Which one of the following productions would be an example, on the patient's part, of English influenced by his primary language of Thailand and not the stroke?
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"They going over there today."
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A father comes to you regarding his daughter, who is 8 months old. The daughter's hearing loss is bilateral, and she is profoundly deaf. The father states that he wishes for his daughter, as she grows older, to "fit in with children with normal hearing." He is interested in any possible amplification and says that he wants his daughter to lead a life that is "as normal as possible." Which training approach would best fit this father's wishes?
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Aural/oral method
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True of speech-language sampling
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Frequently repeat what the child says.
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You are taking a language sample from an 8-year-old child. One of his utterances is "I will go to school tomorrow if I am not sick." This is an example of a
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complex sentence with an independent and a dependent clause.
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A technique used by some speech-language pathologists during swallowing assessments, in which a stethoscope is placed over the thyroid cartilage to amplify sounds during swallowing, is called
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cervical auscultation
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The definition of stuttering as "speech that contains 5% or more disfluencies" is based on
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certain listener evaluation studies.
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To obtain a reliable measure of a child's language skills through language sampling, you should
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repeat the language sample.
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The disorders of the pharyngeal phase of swallow include
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delayed or absent swallowing reflex
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What is one difficulty with cross-sectional studies?
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The investigator observes differences between subjects of different ages to generalize about developmental changes that would occur within subjects as they mature.
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Which of the following statements is false regarding a null hypothesis?
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It states that two variables are causally related
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Which of the following primarily vibrate and produce sound?
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Internal thyroarytenoids
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According to Halliday, what are four of the seven functions of communicative intent that develop between 9 and 18 months of age?
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Heuristic, imaginative, interactional, personal
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Hearing loss that occurs when the middle ear and the inner ear are not functioning properly is known as
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mixed hearing loss.
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Standardized tests are limited in their usefulness because
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they sample participants (children) and responses in a limited manner.
