Microbiology Exam 4 Terms – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| Define Epidemiology |
answer
| The study of the frequency and distribution of diseases i the population |
question
| What are the two categories of diseases that are transmitted from one person to another? |
answer
| Communicable; contagious |
question
| Which disease type has secondary cases resulting in longer epidemics? |
answer
| Communicable |
question
| What are noncommunicable diseases? |
answer
| Diseases that are not transmitted from one person to another |
question
| Give an example of a communicable or contagious disease |
answer
| Measles, colds, influenza |
question
| Give an example of noncommunicable disease |
answer
| Pneumonia, botulism, staphylococcal food poisoning |
question
| Define endemic rate. |
answer
| Diseases that occur in any population at a normal rate |
question
| When is a disease classified as an epidemic? |
answer
| If the number of disease cases increases above its endemic rate |
question
| What is a local epidemic called? |
answer
| An outbreak |
question
| What is a pandemic? |
answer
| A worldwide epidemic |
question
| In what rate is epidemiologic data expressed? |
answer
| the number of cases (numerator) per unit of population (denominator) |
question
| What is the attack rate? |
answer
| Cases per exposed population |
question
| What is the morbidity rate? |
answer
| Nonfatal cases per population |
question
| What is the mortality rate? |
answer
| Fatal cases per population |
question
| Define incidence. |
answer
| New cases per population over a time period (day, week, month, year) |
question
| Define prevalence. |
answer
| Total cases per population at one point in time |
question
| What must all infections disease have? |
answer
| A reservoir |
question
| Describe direct transmission |
answer
| Contact between the source and case |
question
| Describe indirect transmission |
answer
| Through fomites |
question
| Describe droplet (respiratory tract) transmission |
answer
| Organism is in a droplet of saliva and mucous; settles quickly and spreads about 3 feet |
question
| Describe airborne transmission |
answer
| Organism stays suspended in air (tuberculosis) |
question
| Describe vertical transmission |
answer
| Transfer of infection from the mother to the fetus before or during birth or breastfeeding. Can be transplacental or ascending,through the vagina |
question
| What is the an incubation period? |
answer
| The period between exposure and disease. |
question
| Does a lower or higher infectious does cause more cases? |
answer
| Lower |
question
| What are some epidemiologic factors that contribute to the contraction of a disease |
answer
| Physiologic factors and general health: stress, malnutrition, crowding, underlying disease. Age, gender Cultural factors: exposure to risk by behavior Genetic factors |
question
| What type of information do Infection disease investigators collect? |
answer
| Where and when each case occurred (person, place, and time) |
question
| What are nosocomial infections? |
answer
| Infections acquired while staying at a hospital |
question
| What percent of nosocomial infections are acquired through the: urinary tract, surgical wound, lower respiratory, bloodstream. |
answer
| 50%, 25%, 12%, 6% |
question
| List 3 infection prevention strategies |
answer
| Handwashing, Barrier precautions, cleaning, disinfection, sterilization |
