Micro Exam II – Flashcards
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Tinsdale Agar- What's in it, and what grows on it? |
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Cysteine Tellurite Blood Agar; DIPTHERIA |
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Gamma hemolytic on blood agar; gram + bacillus; poly-D-glutamic capsule |
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Bacillus Anthracis |
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Likes cold; invades M-cells' Gram + Rod |
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Listeria |
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crosses placenta; caught from contaminated food; Actin tail for motility |
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Listeria |
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gram +, catalase - , normal gut flora; Adhesins; Group D antigen |
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Enterococci |
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Optochin resistant; bile resistant; PYR+; NO VIRULENCE FACTORS |
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Enterococci |
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gram +; Alpha hemolytic; damages ciliated epithelium |
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Strep. Pneumoniae |
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Rusty colored sputum; lancet-shaped; dissolves in bile; optochin sensitive |
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Strep pneumoniae |
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gram +, group B antigen, partially Beta hemolytic, CAMP +, MENINGITIS |
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Strep Agalactiae |
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Alpha hemolytic, gram +, catalase -, found on cavities, causes endocarditis and intraabdominal infections |
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Strep Viridans |
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Most important virulence factor is M-protein... |
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Strep Pyogenes |
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malar rash, sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue |
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Strep Pyogenes- causing scarlet fever |
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gram +, catalase -, coag -, sensitive to Bacitracin, Beta hemolytic |
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Strep pyogenes |
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Can be tested with ASO titres |
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Strep pyogenes |
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What is pyoderma? |
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Deep, pus filled lesions in children, usually due to hygiene issues- strep pyogenes |
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What is the main virulence factor of Staph Aureus and what does it do? |
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Protein A; binds to the Fc portion of Ab, rendering them useless |
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Most famous marker of MRSA? |
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mecA |
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Causes chronic middle ear infections in kids; is gram +, catalase +, coag - |
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Alloicoecus otitidis |
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gram +, catalase +, coag -, adheres to plastic (catheters), normal flora, NOVOBIOCIN SENSITIVE |
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staph epidermidis |
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gram +, catalase +, coag -, NOVOBIOCIN RESISTANT, causes UTI's |
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Staph saprophyticus |
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The phage mediated toxin of this bug inhibits protein synthesis; the bug is CLUB shaped, gram +, and catalase + |
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Cornybacterium Diptheria |
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Makes a thick gray PSEUDOmembrane and causes sore throat, exudative pharyngitis; complications can lead to myocarditis and neurotoxicity- tissue damage is caused by exotoxin |
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Cornybacterium Diptheria |
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BUZZ WORD: "brown halos around colonies" |
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Diptheria |
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BUZZ WORD: Large, dry colonies with IRREGULAR shapes and NO HEMOLYSIS |
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Bacillus Anthracis |
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BUZZ WORD: Profuse watery diarrhea after 6 hours |
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Bacillus Cereus |
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BUZZ WORD: from old rice at a Chinese buffet causing puking and diarrhea |
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Bacillus Cereus |
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BUZZ WORD: Forms VISIBLE CHAINS on microscopy |
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Bacillus Anthracis |
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BUZZ WORD: "tumbling", motile, extracellular |
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Listeria |
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BUZZ WORD: Cold Enrichment |
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Listeria |
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BUZZ WORD: Black pigment on Bile Esculin Agar |
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Enterococci |
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BUZZ WORD: Rusty Colored Sputum |
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Strep Pneumoniae |
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BUZZ WORD: Lancet-shaped |
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Strep Pneumoniae |
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BUZZ WORD: Quelling Reaction (swelling) with Ab against capsule |
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Strep Pneumoniae |
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BUZZ WORD: Sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue |
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Scarlett Fever from Strep Pyogenes |
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BUZZ WORD: Honey Crusted Lesions |
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Strep Pyogenes- impetigo; Staph Aureus- impetigo |
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BUZZ WORD: Grape-like clusters |
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Staph Aureus |
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BUZZ WORD: Scalded Skin |
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Staph Aureus |
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BUZZ WORD: Honeymoon Cystitis |
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Staph Saprophyticus |
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BUZZ WORD: "Bull Neck" |
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Cornybacterium DIPTHERIA |
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Thayer Martin Agar- coffee bean stain |
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Neisseria GONORRHOEA |
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List 6 virulence factors of Gonorrhoea |
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Pilus, LOS, IgA Protease, por proteins, opa |
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Which Neisseria metabolizes maltose? |
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"Meningitidis Metabolizes Maltose" (Neisseria Meningitidis) |
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What causes Waterhouse-friedrichsen Syndrome, and what is it's main symptom? |
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Neisseria Meningitidis; Adrenal Hemmorhage |
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Name two long-term effects of Neisseria Gonnorhea in Men, and two in Women: |
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Men- prostatitis, epididymitis Women- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, sterility |
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BUZZ WORD: "Currant Jelly" |
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Klebsiella |
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gram - rod, Lactose Fermenter, indole -, VERY THICK CAPSULE |
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Klebsiella |
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gram - rod, STD with PAINLESS genital ulcer |
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Klebsiella Granulomatous |
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BUZZ WORD: "undercooked hamburger; petting zoos" |
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EHEC- 'hemorrhagic e. coli' |
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BUZZ WORD: "Bricks" on microscopy |
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EaggEC- Aggregative e. coli- |
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BUZZ WORD: "Traveler's Diarrhea"; "Montezuma's Revenge" |
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ETEC- |
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BUZZ WORD: "Bloody Diarrhea with Leukocytes" |
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EIEC- Invasive e. coli |
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gram - rods; lactose fermenter; catalase +; has LPS |
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e. coli |
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BUZZ WORD: "Shiga-like toxins Stx 1, 2" |
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EHEC- hemorrhagic e.coli |
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BUZZ WORD: "Rose Spots" |
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Typhoid Fever- Salmonella Typhi |
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BUZZ WORD: Catch from peanut butter, or chickens |
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Salmonella Enteritidis |
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Sickle Cell anemia predisposes patients to what bug? |
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Salmonella |
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Lives in gall bladder, can be carried in gall bladder for a long time |
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Salmonella Typhi |
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BUZZ WORD: "Bloody diarrhea with mucous" in a gram - rod |
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Shigella |
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What does Shiga toxin do? |
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Inhibits protein synthesis |
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BUZZ WORD: "Children, daycare and schools" causing severe GI issues |
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Shigella |
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BUZZ WORD: "SWARMING" |
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Proteus |
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Causes UTI's, is mobile via flagella, has UREASE as a virulence factor: |
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Proteus |
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Increases urine pH, causes kidney stones |
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Proteus |
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BUZZ WORD: "Ground Glass" on buffered charcoal yeast |
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Legionella Pneumophila |
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Carried in Amoeba; makes biofilm |
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Legionella Pneumophila |
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Pontiac Fever is caused by... |
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Legionella |
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5 gram negative bugs that together cause endocarditis |
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HACEK- H. parainfluenzae; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; cardiobacterium hominis; eikenella corrodens; kingella |
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STD with PAINFUL ULCERS- you cry with... |
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Haemophilus Ducreyi |
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gram - coccobacillus with Capsule, Adhesins, and Endotoxin |
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Haemophilus |
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BUZZ WORD: "Regan Lowe Agar" |
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Pertussis |
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BUZZ WORD: "Bordet Gengou" |
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Pertussis |
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Attaches to ciliated epithelium, has pertactin and hemagluttinin, gram - rods, coccobacillus |
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Bordatello Pertussis |
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What does pertussis toxin cause, and how? |
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Increase in respiratory mucous; overproduction of cAMP |
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What has tracheal cytotoxin and what does it cause? |
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Cough, increase in IL-1, fever |
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BUZZ WORD: "Rice Water Stools" |
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Vibrio Cholerae |
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What grows on TCBS agar? |
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Vibrio Cholerae |
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What color is TCBS agar and what color does cholerae turn it? |
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Green; orange |
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gram -, curved rod, oxidase +, salt-loving (halophilic), MARINE ORGANISMS |
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VIBRIOs |
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BUZZ WORD: "EXPLOSIVE watery diarrhea" in the context of shellfish |
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
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BUZZ WORD: "Gulf Coast" or Oysters |
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Vibrio Parahaemolyticus |
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BUZZ WORD: "Salt water wounds" |
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Vibrio Vulnificus |
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Leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis: |
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Campylobacter Jejuni |
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Grows at/Loves 42 degrees Celsius |
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Campylobacter Jejuni |
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Associated with Guillain-Barre |
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Campylobacter Jejuni |
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Bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain- caused by ingestion of contaminated food, poultry, milk; gram - SPIRAL rod |
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Campylobacter Jejuni |
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"when I am young, I am a gram - spiral, when I am old I am a gram - bacillus..." |
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Helicobacter pylori |
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gram-, pleomorphic, contains urease, FASTIDIOUS |
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Helicobacter pylori |
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Hypochlorhydria and LOW STOMACH ACID are risk factors for |
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H. pylori |
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BUZZ WORD: "Grapelike Odor" |
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
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gram - rod, oxidase +, grows green, has flagella AND pili, uses Type III injection system, has elastase, exotoxin A, is Antibiotic Resistant |
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
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BUZZ WORD: "Burn wound infections" |
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
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Alginate- lung infections- has biofilm |
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
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Almost always found in patients with Cystic Fibrosis |
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
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Causes Ventilator Pneumonia... |
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
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BUZZ WORD: "Hot Tub Folliculitis" |
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
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What is the action of Exotoxin A? |
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Inhibits protein synthesis |
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What is the action of elastase? |
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Degrades elastin and collagen |
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What is melioidosis, and what causes it? |
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A spectrum of percutaneous (skin) and pulmonary (lung) infections caused by Burkholeria Pseudomallei |
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Hallmarks are: Night Sweats, Productive Cough, and Weight Loss |
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Tuberculosis |
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Grows on Lowenstein Jensen agar |
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Tuberculosis |
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Acid fast, has lipoarabinomannan, grows super slowly, has mycolic acid |
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Tuberculosis |
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Name 4 drugs used to treat TB: |
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Isoniazid, rifampin, ehambutol, pyrazinamide |
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Ghon Complex on chest X-ray |
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Tuberculosis |
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BUZZ WORD: "Cheesy" caseation |
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Tuberculosis |
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What is the test for TB, and what can cause a false positive? |
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PPD/Mantoux; previous exposure to BCG |
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What stains with Ziehl Neelson? |
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Tuberculosis |
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BUZZ WORD: Serpiginous |
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Mycobacterium |
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BUZZ WORD: Mouse/armadillo foot pads |
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Mycobacterium Leprae |
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Hallmarks of TUBERCULOID leprosy: |
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Vigorous immune response, ASSYMETRIC damage to nerves, ulnar claw, lack of sensation |
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Hallmarks of LEPROMATOUS leprosy: |
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Lots of organisms, EXTENSIVE SKIN INVOLVEMENT, SYMMETRICAL NERVE INVOLVEMENT, cooler temperatures (27-30 degrees), destruction of nasal cartilage |