Micro Exam II – Flashcards

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Tinsdale Agar-
What's in it, and what grows on it?
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Cysteine Tellurite Blood Agar;
DIPTHERIA
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Gamma hemolytic on blood agar;
gram + bacillus;
poly-D-glutamic capsule
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Bacillus Anthracis
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Likes cold;
invades M-cells'
Gram + Rod
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Listeria
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crosses placenta;
caught from contaminated food;
Actin tail for motility
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Listeria
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gram +, catalase - , normal gut flora;
Adhesins;
Group D antigen
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Enterococci
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Optochin resistant;
bile resistant;
PYR+;
NO VIRULENCE FACTORS
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Enterococci
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gram +;
Alpha hemolytic;
damages ciliated epithelium
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Strep. Pneumoniae
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Rusty colored sputum;
lancet-shaped;
dissolves in bile;
optochin sensitive
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Strep pneumoniae
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gram +, group B antigen,
partially Beta hemolytic,
CAMP +,
MENINGITIS
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Strep Agalactiae
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Alpha hemolytic, gram +, catalase -,
found on cavities,
causes endocarditis and intraabdominal infections
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Strep Viridans
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Most important virulence factor is M-protein...
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Strep Pyogenes
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malar rash, sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue
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Strep Pyogenes- causing scarlet fever
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gram +, catalase -, coag -, sensitive to Bacitracin, Beta hemolytic
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Strep pyogenes
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Can be tested with ASO titres
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Strep pyogenes
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What is pyoderma?
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Deep, pus filled lesions in children, usually due to hygiene issues-
strep pyogenes
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What is the main virulence factor of Staph Aureus and what does it do?
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Protein A; binds to the Fc portion of Ab, rendering them useless
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Most famous marker of MRSA?
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mecA
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Causes chronic middle ear infections in kids;
is gram +, catalase +, coag -
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Alloicoecus otitidis
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gram +, catalase +, coag -, adheres to plastic (catheters), normal flora,
NOVOBIOCIN SENSITIVE
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staph epidermidis
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gram +, catalase +, coag -, NOVOBIOCIN RESISTANT, causes UTI's
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Staph saprophyticus
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The phage mediated toxin of this bug inhibits protein synthesis; the bug is CLUB shaped, gram +, and catalase +
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Cornybacterium Diptheria
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Makes a thick gray PSEUDOmembrane and causes sore throat, exudative pharyngitis; complications can lead to myocarditis and neurotoxicity-
tissue damage is caused by exotoxin
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Cornybacterium Diptheria
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BUZZ WORD: "brown halos around colonies"
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Diptheria
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BUZZ WORD: Large, dry colonies with IRREGULAR shapes and NO HEMOLYSIS
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Bacillus Anthracis
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BUZZ WORD: Profuse watery diarrhea after 6 hours
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Bacillus Cereus
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BUZZ WORD: from old rice at a Chinese buffet causing puking and diarrhea
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Bacillus Cereus
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BUZZ WORD: Forms VISIBLE CHAINS on microscopy
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Bacillus Anthracis
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BUZZ WORD: "tumbling", motile, extracellular
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Listeria
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BUZZ WORD: Cold Enrichment
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Listeria
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BUZZ WORD: Black pigment on Bile Esculin Agar
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Enterococci
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BUZZ WORD: Rusty Colored Sputum
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Strep Pneumoniae
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BUZZ WORD: Lancet-shaped
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Strep Pneumoniae
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BUZZ WORD: Quelling Reaction (swelling) with Ab against capsule
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Strep Pneumoniae
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BUZZ WORD: Sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue
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Scarlett Fever from Strep Pyogenes
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BUZZ WORD: Honey Crusted Lesions
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Strep Pyogenes- impetigo; Staph Aureus- impetigo
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BUZZ WORD: Grape-like clusters
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Staph Aureus
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BUZZ WORD: Scalded Skin
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Staph Aureus
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BUZZ WORD: Honeymoon Cystitis
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Staph Saprophyticus
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BUZZ WORD: "Bull Neck"
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Cornybacterium DIPTHERIA
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Thayer Martin Agar- coffee bean stain
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Neisseria GONORRHOEA
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List 6 virulence factors of Gonorrhoea
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Pilus, LOS, IgA Protease, por proteins, opa
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Which Neisseria metabolizes maltose?
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"Meningitidis Metabolizes Maltose"
(Neisseria Meningitidis)
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What causes Waterhouse-friedrichsen Syndrome, and what is it's main symptom?
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Neisseria Meningitidis; Adrenal Hemmorhage
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Name two long-term effects of Neisseria Gonnorhea in Men, and two in Women:
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Men- prostatitis, epididymitis
Women- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, sterility
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BUZZ WORD: "Currant Jelly"
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Klebsiella
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gram - rod, Lactose Fermenter, indole -, VERY THICK CAPSULE
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Klebsiella
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gram - rod, STD with PAINLESS genital ulcer
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Klebsiella Granulomatous
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BUZZ WORD: "undercooked hamburger; petting zoos"
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EHEC- 'hemorrhagic e. coli'
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BUZZ WORD: "Bricks" on microscopy
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EaggEC- Aggregative e. coli-
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BUZZ WORD: "Traveler's Diarrhea"; "Montezuma's Revenge"
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ETEC-
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BUZZ WORD: "Bloody Diarrhea with Leukocytes"
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EIEC- Invasive e. coli
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gram - rods; lactose fermenter; catalase +; has LPS
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e. coli
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BUZZ WORD: "Shiga-like toxins Stx 1, 2"
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EHEC- hemorrhagic e.coli
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BUZZ WORD: "Rose Spots"
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Typhoid Fever- Salmonella Typhi
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BUZZ WORD: Catch from peanut butter, or chickens
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Salmonella Enteritidis
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Sickle Cell anemia predisposes patients to what bug?
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Salmonella
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Lives in gall bladder, can be carried in gall bladder for a long time
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Salmonella Typhi
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BUZZ WORD: "Bloody diarrhea with mucous" in a gram - rod
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Shigella
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What does Shiga toxin do?
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Inhibits protein synthesis
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BUZZ WORD: "Children, daycare and schools" causing severe GI issues
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Shigella
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BUZZ WORD: "SWARMING"
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Proteus
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Causes UTI's, is mobile via flagella, has UREASE as a virulence factor:
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Proteus
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Increases urine pH, causes kidney stones
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Proteus
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BUZZ WORD: "Ground Glass" on buffered charcoal yeast
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Legionella Pneumophila
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Carried in Amoeba; makes biofilm
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Legionella Pneumophila
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Pontiac Fever is caused by...
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Legionella
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5 gram negative bugs that together cause endocarditis
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HACEK- H. parainfluenzae; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; cardiobacterium hominis; eikenella corrodens; kingella
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STD with PAINFUL ULCERS- you cry with...
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Haemophilus Ducreyi
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gram - coccobacillus with Capsule, Adhesins, and Endotoxin
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Haemophilus
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BUZZ WORD: "Regan Lowe Agar"
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Pertussis
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BUZZ WORD: "Bordet Gengou"
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Pertussis
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Attaches to ciliated epithelium, has pertactin and hemagluttinin, gram - rods, coccobacillus
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Bordatello Pertussis
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What does pertussis toxin cause, and how?
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Increase in respiratory mucous; overproduction of cAMP
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What has tracheal cytotoxin and what does it cause?
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Cough, increase in IL-1, fever
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BUZZ WORD: "Rice Water Stools"
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Vibrio Cholerae
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What grows on TCBS agar?
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Vibrio Cholerae
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What color is TCBS agar and what color does cholerae turn it?
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Green; orange
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gram -, curved rod, oxidase +, salt-loving (halophilic), MARINE ORGANISMS
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VIBRIOs
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BUZZ WORD: "EXPLOSIVE watery diarrhea" in the context of shellfish
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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BUZZ WORD: "Gulf Coast" or Oysters
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Vibrio Parahaemolyticus
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BUZZ WORD: "Salt water wounds"
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Vibrio Vulnificus
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Leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis:
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Campylobacter Jejuni
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Grows at/Loves 42 degrees Celsius
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Campylobacter Jejuni
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Associated with Guillain-Barre
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Campylobacter Jejuni
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Bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain- caused by ingestion of contaminated food, poultry, milk;
gram - SPIRAL rod
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Campylobacter Jejuni
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"when I am young, I am a gram - spiral, when I am old I am a gram - bacillus..."
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Helicobacter pylori
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gram-, pleomorphic, contains urease, FASTIDIOUS
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Helicobacter pylori
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Hypochlorhydria and LOW STOMACH ACID are risk factors for
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H. pylori
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BUZZ WORD: "Grapelike Odor"
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
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gram - rod, oxidase +, grows green, has flagella AND pili, uses Type III injection system, has elastase, exotoxin A, is Antibiotic Resistant
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
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BUZZ WORD: "Burn wound infections"
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
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Alginate- lung infections- has biofilm
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
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Almost always found in patients with Cystic Fibrosis
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
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Causes Ventilator Pneumonia...
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
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BUZZ WORD: "Hot Tub Folliculitis"
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
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What is the action of Exotoxin A?
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Inhibits protein synthesis
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What is the action of elastase?
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Degrades elastin and collagen
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What is melioidosis, and what causes it?
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A spectrum of percutaneous (skin) and pulmonary (lung) infections caused by Burkholeria Pseudomallei
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Hallmarks are: Night Sweats, Productive Cough, and Weight Loss
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Tuberculosis
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Grows on Lowenstein Jensen agar
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Tuberculosis
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Acid fast, has lipoarabinomannan, grows super slowly, has mycolic acid
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Tuberculosis
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Name 4 drugs used to treat TB:
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Isoniazid, rifampin, ehambutol, pyrazinamide
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Ghon Complex on chest X-ray
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Tuberculosis
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BUZZ WORD: "Cheesy" caseation
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Tuberculosis
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What is the test for TB, and what can cause a false positive?
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PPD/Mantoux; previous exposure to BCG
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What stains with Ziehl Neelson?
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Tuberculosis
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BUZZ WORD: Serpiginous
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Mycobacterium
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BUZZ WORD: Mouse/armadillo foot pads
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Mycobacterium Leprae
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Hallmarks of TUBERCULOID leprosy:
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Vigorous immune response, ASSYMETRIC damage to nerves, ulnar claw, lack of sensation
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Hallmarks of LEPROMATOUS leprosy:
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Lots of organisms, EXTENSIVE SKIN INVOLVEMENT, SYMMETRICAL NERVE INVOLVEMENT, cooler temperatures (27-30 degrees), destruction of nasal cartilage
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