Aerobic Test Procedure Microbiology – Flashcards
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| what is examples of symbiosis? |
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tapeworm in the human intestine tuberculosis in the human lung bacteria in the human colon protozoa in termites |
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| mutualism is a relationship? |
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| that sometimes provides benefits for both members such that one or both parties cannot live w/o the other |
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| a protozoan and its resident bacteria invade the body of a worm. the bacteria releases toxins and exoenzymes that immobilize and digest the worm, and the protozoan and bacteria absorb the nutrients produced. the relationship b/n the protozoan and the bacteria would best be described as? |
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| mutualism |
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| the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci is found in the lungs of most people in low numbers but in immunocompromised people it overgrows, resulting in severe respiratory problems. the fungus is best described as? |
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| both resident microbiota and opportunistic pathogens |
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| Chagas' disease is transmitted by a bug with mouthparts that penetrate blood vessels. Which type of exposure does this represent? |
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| parenteral route |
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| symptoms are? |
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| subjective characteristics of a disease that only the patient can feel |
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| axenic systems of the body include? |
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| kidneys |
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| In what mucouse membranes serve as a portal of entry for disease |
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| a pathogen is introduced into the body when the person rubs the eye with contaminated fingers and the pathogen is washed into the nasal cavity by way of tears |
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| what is true about etiology? |
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| the suspect agent must be present in all casses of disease, the sustpect agent must cause the sisease under investigation when introduced into a susceptible host organism, it must be possible to reisolate the suspect agent from the infected experimental host, the suspect agent must be isolated and cultured in the lab. |
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| what is not a way a baby acquires normal microbiota? |
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| microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy--> WRONG |
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| What are ways a baby can acquire normal microbiota? |
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| the baby acquires the residential microbiota in the colon after the first meal, Staphyloccus epidermidis is transferred from the hospital staff to the newborn after delivery, microorganisms grow in the respiratory tract after the babys first breath, and microbes enter the nose and mouth when the baby is in the birth canal. |
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| what might cause a normal microbiota to become opportunistic? |
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| treatment of a cance patient with radiation |
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| what is not considered to be part of the indigenous microbiota of the female reproductive system? |
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| E. coli |
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| what is considered to be part of the indigenous microbiota of the female reproductive system? |
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bacteroides candida trichomonas lactobacillus |
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| what is a example of a exotoxin? |
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| neurotoxins |
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| among the virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus are hemolysin, coagulase,hyaluronidase, and enterotoxin. which of these factors contribue to the ability of S. aureus to invade the body? |
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| hyaluronidase |
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| what is the most severe infectious disease stages? |
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| the illness period |
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| what is transmitted by the parenteral route? |
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| yellow fever |
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| what is considered a mechanical vector transmission? |
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| cockroach transmission of Shigella |
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| a nosocomial disease is a disease acquired by? |
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| in a health care facility |
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| Diseases that are induced by modern medical procedures are referred to as? |
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| iatrogenic infections |
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| what is a major source of disease transmission in the world? |
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| fecal- oral infections |
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| acne is an example of? |
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| noncommunicable disease |
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| what is a sign of disease? |
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| fever |
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| in early spring 2009, the CDC reported several dozen cases of novel H1N1 influenza (swine flu) in the US. By the summer, the number of confirmed cases was reported as over 40,000. The pattern of novel H1N1 cases in the US represented ________ disease. |
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| epidemic |
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| The incidence of TB in the year 2000 in the US was 12.43/ 100,000 cases. this means? |
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| there were 12.43 new cases of TB for every 100,000 people in the US in the year 2000. |
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| The index case is the first case of disease? |
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| identified in a given area or population. |
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| In the wake of the cyclone that hit Myanmar (Southeast Asia) in 2008, there were widespread reports of typhoid fever. What was the most likely mode of transmission? |
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| contaminated water |
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| what types of epidemiology applies Koch's postulates to study a disease? |
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| experimental epidemiology |
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| Aerosols may be involved in ____ transmission of pathogens. |
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| droplet |
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| Fomites are? |
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| inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens |
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| what pairing of microbe and disease was DISPROVEN using Koch's postulates? |
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| Haemophilus influenza and the flu |
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| what is not a example of a zoonosis? |
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| typhoid fever |
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| what are examples of zoonosis? |
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anthrax salmonellosis rabies typhus |
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| What is the correct sequnce of disease process? |
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incubation prodromal period illness decline convalescence |
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| what is NOT considered a type of vehicle transmission of a pathogen? |
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| via animals |
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| what IS considered to be a type of vehicle transmission of a pathogen? |
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AIR FOOD BODY FLUIDS DRINKING WATER |
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| Clostridium difficile is the causative agent of? |
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| pseudomembranous colitis |
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| what combinations of pathogen and virulence factor is correct? |
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| Streptococcus pyogenes and protein M |
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| Pathogen is |
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| any microorganism that causes disease |
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| Transent microbiota is |
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| organisms that remain in the body for a short time |
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| Opportunistic microorganisms are? |
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| microorganisms that may cause disease under certain circumstances |
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| Resident microbiota is |
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| microorganisms that remain with the person throughout life |
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| Mutualism is? |
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| a relationship b/n two organisms where both members benefit |
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| Commensalism is? |
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| a relationship b/n two organisms where only one member benefits |
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| Parasitism is? |
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| a relationship b/n two organsism where one member harms the other |
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| Axenic environment is? |
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| an environment that is free of microbes |
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| Microbial antagonism? |
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| unsucessful microbial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes |
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| Reservoir is? |
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| a source of microbial contamination |
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| in Commensalism, one member of the relationship harms the other? true or false? |
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| false--> WRONG |
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| Normal microbiota may cause disease if they are introduced into an unusual site in the body? |
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| true |
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| a syndrome is a groupd of sumptoms and signs that collectively caracterize a particular disease? |
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| true |
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| all diseases go through the stages known as incubation period, prodromal period, and illness? true or false? |
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| FALSE |
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| Do fomites cause disease by direct contact? T/F |
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| False |
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| Is a common cold an example of a chronic disease? T/F |
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| FALSE |
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| Infection from a mosquito bite is an example of parenteral route of transmission? T/F |
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| TRUE |
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| An antiphagocytic factor is one that permits pathogens to avoid attack by macrophages? T/F |
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| TRUE |
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| Koch's postulates can be applied ot every infectious disease to identify its causative pathogen? T/F |
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| FALSE |
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| An infection always leads to disease? T/F |
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| FALSE |
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| _______are toxins that affect the lining of the GI tract. |
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| enterotoxins |
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| E. coli in the colon is an example of ______. |
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| Resident microbiota |
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| Places in the body where there is no normal microbiota are referred to as? |
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| axenic |
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| _____ interefere with the nerve function of the host. |
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| Neurotoxins |
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| The ___ period is the time b/n infection and the occurrence of the first symptoms or signs of disease. |
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| incubation |
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| Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly present in the human nasal cavity but rarely cause disease of the Upper Respiratory system. This situation is an example of_____. |
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| commensalism |
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| _____ is an endotoxin that stimulates the body to release chemicals that cause fever, inflammation, diarrhea, hemorrhaging, shock and blood coagulation. |
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| lipid A |
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| Diseases that are naturally spread from their usual animal hosts to humans are knowns as ______. |
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| zoonoses |
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| Spread of pathogens from one host to another by fomites is an example of____ contact transmission. |
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| indirect |
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| ______ not only transmit pathogens, but also serve as hosts for the multiplication of the pathogen during some phase of the pathogens life cycle. |
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| Biological vectors |
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| the bacterium that causes cholera is capable of living independently in freshwater. as a cholera epidemics primarily involve _____ reservoirs. |
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| nonliving |
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| the study of the cause of disease is known as____. |
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| etiology |
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| the hepatitis C virus normally establishes a ____ infection and may be asymptomatic for a decade. |
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| latent |
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| the study of the cause of when and where diseases occure is known as? |
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| descriptive epidemiology |
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| in 2% of pregnancies, pathogens cross the ____ and infect the embryo or fetus. |
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| pacenta |
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| The ____ route is not a portal route of entry of a pathogen per se, but rather a way of cirumventing the usual portals. |
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| parenteral |
