MFT Final Study Guide – Flashcards
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Which is not a concept of von Bertalanffy's general systems theory?
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"black box" metaphor
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The greatest conceptual influence on the early development of family therapy was
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systems theory
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The stages of a family's life from separation from one's parents to marriage, having children, growing older, retirement, and finally death, are known as the
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family life cycle
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A biological model of living systems as whole entities which maintain themselves through continuous input and output from the environment, developed by Ludwig von Bertalanffy is known as
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general systems theory
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Which phenomena are not a focus of cybernetics, as applied to families
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family hierarchy
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A balanced steady state of equilibrium is known as
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homeostasis
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With the exception of the feminist critique, what has been largely missing in family therapy has been an examination of
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all of these choices
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The concept of the family life cycle was introduced to the field by
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Jay Haley
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Narrative therapy differs from solution-focused therapy in being more focused on ________ than ________
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attitudes; behavior
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The privatization of family therapy training had what effect on the field?
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released from the economic constraints of academia, family therapy became a profitable enterprise
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The study of control processes in systems, particularly the analysis of the flow of information in closed systems, is known as
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cybernetics
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General systems theory, cybernetics, and social constructionism are ________ concepts.
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metapsychological
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Superficial change in a system which itself stays invariant is termed ________, while basic change in the structure of a system is called ________
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first-order; second-order
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Boundaries around the executive subsystem in the family are of particular importance because the family ________ is seen by structural therapists as crucial to the family's well-being.
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hierarchy
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The phrase, "where the id is, there the ego shall be," best fits which concept?
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differentiation of self
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Constructivism first found its way into psychotherapy in the work of
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George Kelly
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The notions of complementarity, structuralism, and general systems theory are all embraced by which family theory?
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structural family therapy
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The goal of family group therapy was to
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promote verbalization and understanding of unmet needs, promote individuation of family members, improve family relationships, (All choices )
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The family theory of the etiology of schizophrenia which focused on disturbed patterns of communication was founded by Gregory Bateson, Theodore Lidz, and
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Lyman Wynne
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This family therapist believed in the existence of an interpersonal unconscious in every family.
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Virginia Satir
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A relationship in which husband and wife both pursue careers and share housekeeping and childrearing responsibilities is
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symmetrical
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Gregory Bateson and his colleagues at Palo Alto introduced this concept to describe the patterns of disturbed family communication which cause schizophrenia
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double bind
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This family therapist's personal resolution of emotional reactivity in his family was as significant for his approach to family therapy as Freud's self-analysis was for psychoanalysis.
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Murray Bowen
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Lyman Wynne's term for the facade of family harmony that characterized many schizophrenic families is
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pseudomutuality
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The group therapy model was not entirely appropriate for families for what reason?
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families have a shared history
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The techniques of structural family therapy fall into two general categories, joining and
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restructuring techniques
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Kurt Lewin's idea of ________ can be seen in action in Minuchin's promotion of crises in family lunch sessions, Norman Paul's use of cross-confrontations, and Peggy Papp's family choreography
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unfreezing
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A conflict created when a person receives contradictory messages on different levels of abstraction in an important relationship, and cannot leave or comment is known as a
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double bind
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Hospital clinicians began to acknowledge and include the family in an individual's treatment when
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they noticed when the patient got better, someone in the family got worse, they realized the family continued to influence the course of treatment anyway, (both A& C)
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According to Theodore Lidz, marital schism occurs when
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there is a chronic failure of spouses to achieve role reciprocity
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Group-oriented therapists promoted communication by concentrating on ________ rather than ________.
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process/content
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According to the text, one problem with treating families as though they were groups like any other group is that
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it fails to appreciate the need for hierarchy and structure
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According to communications theory, healthy families are able to adapt to changing circumstances through use of
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positive feedback
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Frieda Fromm-Reichmann's concept, "________ mother," described a domineering, aggressive, rejecting, and insecure mother who was thought to provide the pathological parenting that produced schizophrenia.
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schizophrenogenic
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Jackson's concept, ________, that families are units that resist change, became the defining metaphor of family therapy's first three decades.
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family homeostasis
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The tendency of families to resist change in order to maintain a steady state is known as
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homeostasis
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The only means to effectively escape a double bind is to
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metacommunicate ; withdraw from the relationship ( Both A; B)
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The first to apply group concepts to family treatment was
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John Elderkin Bell
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Communications family therapists hypothesized that normal families can maintain integrity in the face of environmental vagaries through
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negative feedback
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One of the major propositions put forth in Watzlawick et al.'s (1967) Pragmatics of Human Communication, was that all messages have a report and a ________ function.
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command
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The Bateson group may be best remembered for the concepts of the double bind and
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metacommunication
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In Bowen theory, the flight from a conflictual emotional attachment to one's parents is known as
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emotional cutoff
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The primary goal of Bowen family therapy is to
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increase the level of self-focus in family members
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________ is a prominent technique in Bowen therapy designed to clarify emotional processes involved in altering key triangles. The technique is used in order to help family members become aware of systems processes and recognize their own roles in them--it was first developed for use with emotional pursuers and distancers.
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relationship experiments
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According to feminist Bowenians, ________ causes the most problems in American families.
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patriarchy ; emotional fusion
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A flight from a conflictual emotional attachment to one's parents is known as
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emotional cutoff
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The central premise of Bowen theory is that unresolved ________ must be resolved before one can differentiate a mature, healthy personality.
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emotional reactivity to one's family of origin
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Bowen's concept "differentiation of self" is most like, which of the following?
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ego strength
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According to the principles of which Bowenian construct, simply teaching a mother better techniques for disciplining her son will fail, because the intervention ignores the problem that she is overinvolved with the boy as a result of her husband's emotional distance
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triangles
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Murray Bowen developed his ideas about family therapy while at the NIMH, studying ________ families. Based on his observations of these families' intense clinging interdependence, he concluded that a lack of differentiation was responsible for all family pathology.
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psychotic
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From a Bowenian perspective, optimal development in the family occurs when all members are relatively differentiated, anxiety is low, and parents
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remain in emotional contact with their families of origin
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Unlike experiential therapists, Bowenians seek to ________ levels of anxiety in order to increase levels of differentiation of self in the family.
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decrease
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"Differentiated" individuals
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can balance their needs for closeness and autonomy
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People tend to marry spouses at ________ levels of differentiation.
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similar
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According to Bowen, ________ are the smallest stable unit of human relations.
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triangles
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This Bowenian concept describes the level of emotional "stuck-togetherness" or fusion in the family.
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lack of differentiation of self
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An increase in chronic anxiety in the nuclear family system will tend to ________ less differentiated families, while it will ________ more highly differentiated families.
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cause an increase in symptoms in/be absorbed by
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By training family members in 3 areas--teaching differentiation, avoiding triangulation, and ________, Bowen therapists can enable a single individual to transform the whole network of his or her family system.
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reopening cut-off family relationships
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In Bowen theory, this is a process wherein the projection of varying degrees of immaturity to different children in the same family occurs. The child who is most involved in the family emerges with the lowest level of differentiation, and passes on problems to succeeding generations.
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multigenerational transmission process
