Memory Recall and Recognition for a Common Object Essay Sample

ocular inside informations of the US penny.

their experiment showed that among their participants. those in the group assigned to memory acknowledgment were superiour to those assigned to memory callback. However despite the high quality even the acknowledgment success rate was non 100 % which could be considered surprising when it can be safely assumed that most if non all of the participants involved in the survey would of most likely been highly familiar with this object. nevertheless when asked to remember or recognize certain characteristics of the coin they were unable to retrieve many of them.This experiment partially replicated the survey conducted by Nickerson and Adams ( 1979 ) . a New Zealand 50 cent coin was utilised as the stimulation.

Admiting the two memory trials and each side of the coin as the variables being examined the purpose was to research the truth of long term memory. An extra purpose was to compare the effectivity of callback and acknowledgment in recovering long term memory for a common object. It was hypothesised that the participants would do much the same as those in old surveies and that they would happen it hard to remember or recognize certain ocular inside informations of the coin. Furthermore it was expected that the participants assigned to the memory acknowledgment undertaking would accomplish higher consequences than those assigned to the callback undertaking and that the inside informations of the caputs side of the coin would be easier to retrieve than those of the tails side.

MethodParticipantsThere were six participants who were selected for this experiment. these consisted of household members of the experimenter and household friends. Their age ranged from

12 to 40 and there were four males and two females.MaterialsThe equipment consisted of six work sheets. three sheets for the callback undertaking which contained four circles for the caputs side of the coin and four circles for the dress suits. and three sheets which contained 16 inquiries and an reply assurance evaluation graduated table for the acknowledgment undertaking.

On each sheet was a infinite for the participant to enter their sex and age.ProcedureThree of the participants were indiscriminately assigned to the callback undertaking. this required them to pull from unaided memory the characteristics they believed to be on each side of the 50c coin. The participants were given the chance to finish four pattern versions of each side of the coin and to bespeak which was their concluding pick. The staying three participants were besides from memory.

required to reply a series of yes or no inquiries associating to characteristics that might be on the coin. in add-on they were asked to rate from high. medium or low how confident they were of their repliesConsequencesAnalysis of the acknowledgment undertaking involved entering the participants replies that were right and rated with a medium to high degree of assurance. onto a tabular array. For the callback task the participant’s right replies were recorded onto a separate tabular array. This information was so converted to per centum signifier for both the callback and acknowledgment undertakings.

and for the caputs and dress suits sides of the coin and entered onto a 3rd tabular array. The average per centum mark was so calculated ensuing in the concluding mark.As was expected the consequences indicated that the tonss for acknowledgment were

higher than that for callback. The overall average per centum being 91. 5 % for the acknowledgment and 78 % for the callback as shown in Table 1.

Figure 1 shows the overall per centum. This difference was true for both the caputs and dress suits sides of the coin. It was besides evident that memory for both of the groups was predominate for the caputs side of the coin than it was for the tails side.Surprisingly merely one participant in the callback group right recalled the 50c icon on the tails side of the coin and for the acknowledgment group merely one participant remembered to include the mountain while this characteristic was included by all of the callback participants. to boot of involvement was the fact that the participant from the acknowledgment group rated their wrong response pick every bit high while the bulk of this peculiar participants other replies while correct were merely rated medium.

DiscussionAs was expected the consequences show that it appears to be easier to recognize characteristics of an mundane object such as the 50 cent coin utilised in the experiment than it does to remember them. This could be due to the fact that the procedure for acknowledgment involves memory prompts while the scheme for callback relies straight on how the ocular information has been antecedently stored in the memory. The consequences besides found that for both the callback and acknowledgment groups memory was more accurate for the caputs side of the coin. with all of the acknowledgment participants acquiring the inside informations correct. than it was for the tails side. However the difference was non of any peculiar significance

as there was merely one callback participant who omitted a critical item and as was with the acknowledgment participants all other characteristics were present and right placed.

This could be due to the fact that the caputs side is the same across all coin currencies. with exclusion to the reversal of Elizabeth II and New Zealand on earlier coins. Additionally. the memory difference could be due to a profile being easier to retrieve than whatever may be featured on the tails side of the coin.

The findings of this experiment are barely surprising as they are consistent with the findings of the old surveies conducted by Nickerson and Adams ( 1979 ) . Given that the 50 cent coin is a common point that all of the participants would be familiar with. it would be executable to anticipate a 100 % truth rate in all countries of the undertaking. The fact that this was non the instance would propose that expressed memory for remembering a common object from long term memory is non rather every bit dependable as recognizing ocular cues in order to recover the same information. The laterality of memory acknowledgment could be due to the fact that the procedure involves the assistance of prompts in order to ramble on the memory. while memory callback on the other manus offers no such cues and so retrieval is based entirely on how profoundly the information has originally been processed ( Matlin.

2005 ) . Harmonizing to Matlin. ( 2005 ) deeper degrees of processing produce better retrieval so this may besides explicate why certain characteristics of the coin that instantly separate it from others and place

it as a 50 cent are easier remembered than those of less identifiable importance.While this experiment verifies old surveies.

there are a figure of confusing variables that should be considered. For one. the sample size was highly little and therefore non really representative of the population as a whole. Three of the participants were of a immature age and so it is executable to presume that they may hold more exposure to the lower currency of money than would the older participants. Furthermore as is stated in Matlin ( 2005 ) surveies show that big memory is by and large non really dependable when recovering expressed memories and so this would propose that a kid would be more likely to hold success with such undertakings.

for these grounds we would necessitate to see whether the huge age difference between the participants had an impact on the findings of the experiment.Mentions:Matlin. M. W. ( 2005 ) . Cognition ( 6th ed.

) . New York: Wiley.Nickerson. R. S. .

& A ; Adams. M. J. ( 1979 ) . Long term memory for a common object. Cognitive Psychology.

11. 287-307.