Medical Terminology | Chapter 5 | Dermatology – Flashcards
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Chapter 5 | Dermatology | Integumentary System
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A brief Introduction to Dermatology
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The skin or integument
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is the largest organ in the body, weighing an average of 20 pounds| Functions: 1.protection 2. temperature regulation 3. sensation 4.waste disposal
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Functions of Skin | 1. protection
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skin is continuous two-way barrier that prevents pathogens such as bacteria from invading the body and vital substances such as water from leaking out of the body.
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Functions of Skin | 2. temperature regulation
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if the body is too hot, evaporation of sweat glands and dilation of blood vessels in skin helps to cool the body; if needs to conserve heat, blood vessels constrict; additionally, the innermost layer of skin,the fatty subcutaneous layer, serves as insulation
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Functions of Skin | 3.sensation
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skin contains many different sensory receptors that send information to the brain regarding the senses of touch, pressure, temperature and pain
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Functions of Skin | 4.waste disposal
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small amount of waste products, such as excess salt, is excreted from the body in sweat
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Dermatology word root/combining forms
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The following list presents new combining forms important for building and defining dermatology terms
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aden/o
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gland
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adip/o
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fat
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cutane/o
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skin
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cyan/o
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blue
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dermat/o
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skin
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derm/o
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skin
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hidr/o
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sweat
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kerat/o
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keratin, hard, hornlike
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lip/o
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fat
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melan/o
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melanin, black
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onych/o
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nail
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py/o
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pus
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seb/o
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sebum, oil
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trich/o
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hair
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ungu/o
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nail
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The following list presents combining forms that are not specific to the skin but are used for building and defining dermatology terms
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bi/o
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life
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carcin/o
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cancer
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chem/o
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chemical
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cry/o
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cold
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erythr/o
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red
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ichthy/o
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scaly
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leuk/o
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white
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myc/o
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fungus
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necr/o
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death
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scler/o
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hard
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vesic/o
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bladder, sac
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xanth/o
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yellow
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xer/o
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dry
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Suffix Review
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-al
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pertaining to
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-cle
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small
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-cyte
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cell
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-derma
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skin condition
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-ectomy
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surgical removal
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-genic
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producing
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-ia
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state, condition
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-ic
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pertaining to
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-itis
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inflammation
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-logist
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one who studies
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-logy
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study of
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-malacia
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abnormal softening
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-megaly
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enlargement, large
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-oid
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resembling
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-oma
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tumor, mass
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-opsy
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view of
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-ose
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pertaining to
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-osis
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abnormal condition
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-ous
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pertaining to
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-pathy
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disease
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-phagia
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eating or swallowing
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-plasty
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surgical repair
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-rrhea
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flow, discharge
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-sclerosis
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hardened condition
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-tic
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pertaining to
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-tome
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instrument used to cut
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Prefix Review
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an-
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without
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epi-
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above, upon
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hyper-
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excessive, above
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hypo-
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below
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intra-
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inside, within
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pachy-
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thick
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per-
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through
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sub-
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beneath, under
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trans-
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across
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Dermatology Vocabulary
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abrasion
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skin injury that scrapes away the surface of skin
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abscess
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infection by pyogenic bacteria resulting in localized collection of pus
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alopecia
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baldness
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basal cell carcinoma
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skin cancer in basal cell layer of the epidermis; very common cancer caused by sun exposure but rarely metastasizes or spreads
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biopsy
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surgical procedure to remove a piece of tissue by needle, knife, punch, or brush to examine under a microscope in order to make a diagnosis
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boil
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bacterial infection of hair follicle; also called a furuncle
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burn, 1st degree
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mild burn that damages epidermis only; results in erythema but no blisters; generally, there is no scarring
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burn, 2nd degree
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burn damage that extends through the epidermis and into the dermis, causing blisters to form; scarring may occur
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burn, 3rd degree
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burn damage to the full thickness of skin and into underlying tissues; infection and fluid loss are major concerns; usually requires skin grafts to cover burned areas; scarring will occur
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cauterization
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intentional destruction of tissue by a caustic chemical, electric current, laser, or freezing
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cellulitis
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inflammation of connective tissue cells of skin
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chemabrasion
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removal of superficial layers of skin using chemicals; also called a chemical peel.
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contusion
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blunt trauma to skin that results in bruising
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cryosurgery
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using extreme cold to freeze and destroy tissue
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culture and sensitivity
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laboratory test that grows a colony of bacteria removed from infected area in order to identify the specific type of bacteria and then determine its sensitivity to a variety of antibiotics
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cyst
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fluid-filled sac under the skin
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debridement
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removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from a wound
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decubitus ulcer
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open sore caused by pressure over bony prominences obstructing blood flow; can appear in bedridden patients who lie in one position too long and can be difficult to heal; commonly called a bedsore or pressure sore
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dermabrasion
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scraping skin with rotating wire brushes or sandpaper; used to remove acne scars
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dermatone
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instrument that cuts out a small section of skin or a thin slice of skin to be used for a graft
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ecchymosis
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"black and blue" skin bruise caused by blood collecting under skin after trauma
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erythema
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redness of skin
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fissure
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crack-like break in skin
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gangrene
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tissue necrosis caused by loss of blood supply
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herpes simplex
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infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV) causing painful blisters around the lips and nose; commonly called fever blisters
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herpes zoster
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viral infection of a nerve root that causes the appearance of very painful blisters along the path of a nerve; commonly called shingles
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impetigo
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inflammatory skin disease with pustules that rupture and become crusted
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laceration
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jagged-edged skin sound caused by tearing of the skin; does not mean a skin cut.
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laser surgery
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removal of skin lesions and birthmarks using laser beam
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lesion
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indicates the presence of some type of tissue abnormality
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macule
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flat, discolored spot on the skin surface; example is a freckle or birthmark
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malignant melanoma
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aggressive form of skin cancer that originates in a melanocyte; prone to metastasize or spread
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necrosis
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area of tissue death
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nevus
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pigmented skin blemish, birthmark, or mole
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nodule
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solid, raised clump of skin cells
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onychia
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inflamed nail bed
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papule
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small, solid, raised lesion on surface of the skin
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petechiae
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flat, pinpoint, purplish spots from bleeding under skin
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pruritus
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severe itching
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psoriasis
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chronic inflammatory condition consisting of crusty papules forming patches with circular borders
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purpura
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purplish-red bruises usually occurring in people with thin, easily damaged skin
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pustule
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raised spot on the skin containing pus
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skin graft
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transfer of the skin from a normal area to cover another site; used to treat burn victims and after some surgical procedure
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squamous cell carcinoma
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skin cancer that begins in the epidermis but may grow into deeper tissue but does not generally metastasize to other areasof the body
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tinea
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fungal skin disease resulting in itching, scaling lesions
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ulcer
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open sore or lesion in the skin or mucous membrane
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urticaria
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skin eruption of pale reddish wheals with severe itching; associated with food allergy, stress, or drug reactions
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varicella
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viral infection with skin rash; commonly called chicken pox
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vesicle
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small, fluid-filled raised spot on the skin
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wheal
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small, round, raised area on the skin that may be accompanied by itching; usually seen in allergic reactions
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Dermatology Abbreviations
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(BCC)
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basal cell carcinoma
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(BX, bx)
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biopsy
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(C&S)
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culture and sensitivity
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(decub)
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decubitus ulcer
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(Derm)
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dermatology
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(HSV)
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herpes simplex virus
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(I&D)
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incision and drainage
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(ID)
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intradermal
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(MM)
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malignant melanoma
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(SG)
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skin graft
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(SCC)
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squamous cell carcinoma
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(STSG)
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split-thickness skin graft
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(Subcu, Subq, SQ)
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subcutaneous
