Medical Terminology Chapter 12 – Flashcards

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bronchi
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tubes that bifurcate from the windpipe branches of the trachea leading into the lungs
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mediastinum
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space between the lungs in the chest region between the lungs in the thoraic cavity
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adenoids
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nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
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alveoli and bronchioles
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pulmonary parenchyma
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laryngectomy
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removal of the voice box
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diaphragm
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phren/o muscle separating the chest and abdomen
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hypoxemia
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medical term for a condition of decreased oxygen in the blood
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asbestosis
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type of pneumonconiosis asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs
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orthopnea
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breathing is easier in an upright position
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pyothorax
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collection of pus in the pleural cavity
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percussion
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sharp, short blows to the surface of the chest tapping on a surface to determine the difference in density of the underlying structure
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pertussis
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the "p" in dpt stands for
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croup
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stridor occurs in which upper respiratory disorder?
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dyspnea
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difficult breathing
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asthma
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bronchial airway obstruction marked by paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing, and cough
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atelectasis
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collapsed lung
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expectoration
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material is expelled from the lungs process of expelling sputum from the chest
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pulmonary abscess
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localized area of pus formation in the lungs large collection of pus(bacterial infection) in the lungs
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hemoptysis
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spitting up blood from the lungs
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endotracheal intubation
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tube is placed through the mouth to the trachea to establish an airway placement of a tube through the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway
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tuberculin test
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PPD
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COPD
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airway obsctruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis
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bronchoscopy
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which of the following is an endoscopic examination? traceostomy, lung scan, thoracentesis, bronchoscopy, auscultation
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Hypercapnia
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High carbon dioxide levels in the blood
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cilia
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thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract
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base of the lungs
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lower portion of the lung
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apex of the lungs
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tip or uppermost portion of the lung
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expiration
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breathing out(exhale)
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bronchioles
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small branches of the tubes leading into the lungs
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alveolus
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air sac in the lung
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epiglottis
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lid-like piece of cartilage covering the larynx inflammation of the piece of cartilage over the trachea
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larynx
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voice box
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palatine tonsils
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one of a pair of masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx
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nares
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openings through the nose carrying air into the air passageways
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inspiration
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breathing in
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glottis
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slit-like opening to the voice box
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pharynx
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throat
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lobe of the lung
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division of the lung
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hilum
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midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs
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oxygen
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gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells
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pleura cavity
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space between the double-folded membrane surrounding each lung
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visceral pleura
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inner fold of membrane surrounding each lung and closet to the lung tissue
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trachea
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windpipe
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pulmonary parenchyma
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essential parts of the lung responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli
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carbon dioxide
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gas that is exhaled through the lungs
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respiration
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process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing
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parietal pleura
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outer fold of membrane surround each lung and lying closet to the ribs
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alveolar
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pertaining to an air sac
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bronchiectasis
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dilation of a bronchial tube chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to secondary to infection in the bronchial tree
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adenoid hypertrophy
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increased development of adenoids
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bronchiolitis
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inflammation of small bronchi
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adenoidectomy
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removal of the adenoids
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broncopleura fistula
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an abnormal connection between a bronchial tube and the pleural cavity
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laryngitis
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inflammation of the voice box
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mediastinoscopy
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visual examination of the central area of the chest endoscopy visual examination of the area between the lungs
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laryngospasm
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involuntary contraction of muscles in the voice box
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cyanosis
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bluish discoloration of the skin
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paranasal sinuses
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cavitites within the skull near the nose one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose
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lobectomy
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removal of a lobe of the lung
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laryngeal
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pertaining to the voice box
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oxia
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condition of decreased oxygen
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pleurodynia
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pain associated with the chest muscles
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dysphonia
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hoarseness (abnormal sound) of the voice
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pharyngeal
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pertaining to the throat
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rhinorrhea
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discharge from the nose
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phrenic nerve
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nerve that sends messages to the diaphragm
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pulmonectomy
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removal of a lung
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pneumonthorax
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accumulation of air in the chest collection of air in the pleural space
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pleural effusion
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collection of fluid in the space surrounding the lungs abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
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pulmonary
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pertaining to the ungs
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rhinoplasty
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surgical repair of the nose
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thoractomy
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incision of the chest
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sinusitis
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inflammation of cavities in the skull
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Cheyne-stokes respiration
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rhythmic changes in breathing
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tonsillectomy
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removal of the tonsils
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spirometer
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instrument to mesure breathing
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tracheotomy
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incision of the windpipe
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thoraic
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pertaining to the chest
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tracheal stenosis
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narrowing of the windpipe
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enoyena
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collection of pus in the pleura cavity
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hyperpnea
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increase in depth of breathing
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tachypnea
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excessive or rapid breathing
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hemothorax
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blood in the chest(pleural space)
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apnea
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not breathing
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anosmia
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no sense of smell
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asphyxia
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lack of pulse
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sputum
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material expelled from the lungs or upper respiratory tract by spitting
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wheezes
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continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing
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rhonchi
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loud, rumbling sound heard on auscultation over bronchi obstructed by sputum
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rales
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fine crackling sound heard on auscultation dring inhalation
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pleural rub
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scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces roughened by inflammation rubbing against each other
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ausculation
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listening to sounds within the body
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stridor
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strained, high pitched sound made on inspiration; caused b obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
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epistaxis
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nosebleed
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croup
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acute viral infection of infants and children with laryngeal obstruction and stridor
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cystic fibrosis
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inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick, mucous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally
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asthma
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chronic inflammatory disorder of bronchi with airway obstruction, bronchial edema, constriction, and increased mucous production
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chronic bronchitis
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inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long period of time; type of COPD
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diptheria
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acute infection(membrane forms) of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by Corynebacterium
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pertussis
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whooping cough; highly infectious bacteria infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea marked by spasms of coughing
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emphysema
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hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
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pleurisy
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inflammation of pleura
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sarcoidosis
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chronic inflammaotry disease in which small nodules(granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes and other organs
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pulmonary embolism
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clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
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tuberculosis
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infectious disease of the lungs caused by bacilli(mycobateria)
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pneumonia
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acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or inflammatory products
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lung cancer
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malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi; non-small cell and small cell are types
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pulmonary edema
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collection of fluid in air sacs and bronchioles
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pneumonconiosis
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dust in the lungs; chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
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pulmonary fibrosis
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formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs
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mesothelioma
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rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura
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cor pulmonale
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failure of the right side of the heart to pump sufficient amount of blood to the lungs
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purulent
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containing pus
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paroxysmal
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pertaining to a sudden occurrence
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bacilli
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rod-shaped bacteria
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silicosis
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glass dust in the lungs
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infitrate
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collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen or other radiologic evaluation
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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chronic bronchitis and emphysema are examples
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anthracosis
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coal dust accumulation in the lungs
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hydrothorax
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collection of fluid in the pleural space
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palliative
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relieving, but not curing symptoms
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pulmonary infarction
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necrotic dead tissue in the lung
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exudate
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fluid and other substances that filter from cells or capillaries oozes into lesions or areas of inflammation
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laryngoscopy
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visual examination of the voice box
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v/q scan
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detection device records radioactivity in the lung after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of radioactive gas
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MRI of the chest
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magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in different planes of the body
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CT scan
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computer-generated series x-ray images show thoraic structures in cross-section and other planes
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bronchoscopy
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fiberoptic endoscopy examination of the bronchial tubes
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PET scan of the lung
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radioactive glucose is injected and images show metabolic activity in the lungs
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lung biopsy
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removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination
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chest x-ray
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PA and lateral films show radiographic images of the thoraic cavity
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CT angiography
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combination of computed tomography and images of blood vessels(with injected contrast)
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tuberculin tests
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heaf, time and mantoux tests(based of positive skin reactions) are examples
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tube thoractostomy
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chest tube is passed through an opening in the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion
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thoracentesis
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surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space
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pulmonary function test
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tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs
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thoracoscopy
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visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope
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tracheaostomy
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surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck
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