medical terminology – chapter 10, cardiovascular, lymphatic system and blood – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
vaccine
answer
administered by injection, nasal spray or orally to print infectious diseases
question
phagocytosis
answer
white blood cells destroy invading microorganisms "Cell eating"
question
HEART
answer
pumps blood throughout the body Cardi/o
question
ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES
answer
Consist of the tricuspid and mitral valves Valves located between the atrial and ventricular chambers on each side of the heart, prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting.
question
SEMILUNAR VALVES
answer
Located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta control flow into great arteries; open and close because of blood flow and pressure
question
PERICARDIUM
answer
2 - layer sac that facilitates movement of the heart Membrane surrounding the heart
question
THREE LAYERS OF THE HEART - EPICARDIUM
answer
COVERS THE HEART Epicardium - outermost layer
question
THREE LAYERS OF THE HEART - MYOCARDIUM
answer
MIDDLE, THICK, MUSCULAR LAYER
question
THREE LAYERS OF THE HEART - ENDOCARDIUM
answer
INNER LINING OF THE HEART
question
BLOOD VESSELS
answer
TUBELIKE STRUCTURES THAT CARRY BLOOD THROUGHOUT THE BODY; ARTERIES, ARTERIOLES, AORTA
question
ARTERIES
answer
BLOOD VESSELS THAT CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART
question
ARTERIOLES
answer
SMALLES ARTERIES
question
AORTA
answer
LARGEST ARTERY IN THE BODY
question
VEINS
answer
CARRY BLOOD BACK TO THE HEART
question
VENULES
answer
SMALLEST VEINS
question
VENAE CAVAE
answer
LARGEST VEIN IN THE BODY
question
CAPILLARIES
answer
MICROSCOPIC BLOOD VESSELS THAT CONNECT ARTERIOLES WITHT HE VENUES?? Smallest blood vessels Connect arteries and veins
question
ATRIA
answer
UPPER CHAMBERS OF THE HEART 2 upper chambers of the heart
question
MITRAL VALVE
answer
LIES BETWEEN THE LEFT ATRIUM AND THE LEFT VENTRICLE
question
ATRIAL SEPTEM
answer
SEPARATES THE ATRIA
question
TRICUSPID VALVE
answer
LOCATED BETWEEN THE RIGHT ATRIUM AND THE RIGHT VENTRICLE
question
VENTRICLES
answer
LOWER CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
question
VENA CAVA
answer
LARGEST VEIN IN THE BODY
question
BLOOD
answer
PRIMARY FUNCTION OF BLOOD IS TO MAINTAIN INTERNAL BALANCE IN THE BODY Hem/o Hemat/o A circulating connective tissue made of plasma, cells, and platelets
question
PLASMA
answer
LIQUID PORTION OF THE BLOOD
question
ERYTHROCYTES
answer
RED BLOOD CELLS THAT CARRY OXYGEN
question
LEUKOCYTES
answer
WHITE BLOOD CELLS THAT COMBAT INFECTION AND RESPOND TO INFLAMMATION
question
PLATELETS
answer
THROMBOCYTES = PLATELETS; RESPONSIBLE FOR AIDING IN THE CLOTTING PROCESS
question
SERUM
answer
CLEAR, WATERY FLUID; PORTION OF THE BLOOD THAT REMAINS AFTER A CLOT HAS FORMED
question
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
answer
PROVIDES DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTION
question
LYMPH
answer
LYMPH-TRASPARENT COLORLESS TISSUE FLUID; CONTAINS LYMPHOCYTES AND MONOCYTES AND FLOWS IN A ONE WAY DIRECTION TO THE HEART Lymph/o
question
LYMPH NODES
answer
SMALL SPHERICAL BODIES COMPOSED OF LYMPHOID TISSUE
question
SPLEEN
answer
LARGEST LYMPHATIC ORGAN
question
THYMUS GLAND
answer
ONE OF THE PRIMARY LYMPHATIC ORGANS
question
IMMUNE SYSTEM
answer
HAS 3 LINES OF DEFENSE 1. PREVENTION OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCES FROM ENTER THE BODY. 2. INFLAMMATION AND FEVER 3. FORMING SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES TO FIGHT AGAINST INFECTIOUS AGENT FUNCTION OF IMMUNE SYSTEM IS TO PROTECT THE BODY AGAINST PATHOGENS, FOREIN AGENTS AND ABNORMAL BODY CELLS
question
5 ORGANS & STRUCTURES FROM OTHER BODY SYSTEMS USED BY THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO CARRY OUT ITS FUNCTIONS:
answer
SPLEEN LIVER INTESTIONAL TRACT LYMPH NODES BONE MARROW
question
ANGI/O
answer
VESSEL
question
AORT/O
answer
AORTA
question
ARTERI/O
answer
ARTERY
question
ATRI/O
answer
ATRIUM
question
CARDI/O
answer
HEART
question
LYMPH/O
answer
LYMPH, LYMPH TISSUE
question
LYMPHADEN/O
answer
LYMPH NODE
question
MYEL/O
answer
BONE MARROW
question
PHLEB/O; VEN/O
answer
VEIN
question
PLASM/O
answer
PLASMA
question
SPLEN/O
answer
SPLEEN
question
THYM/O
answer
THYMUS GLAND
question
VALV/O; VALVUL/O
answer
VALVE
question
VENTRICUL/O
answer
VENTRICLE
question
ATHER/O
answer
YELLOWISH, FATTY PLAQUE
question
ECH/O
answer
SOUND
question
ELECTR/O
answer
ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY
question
ISCH/O
answer
DEFICIENCY, BLOCKAGE
question
THERM/O
answer
HEAT
question
THROMB/O
answer
CLOT
question
BRADY-
answer
SLOW
question
PAN-
answer
TOTAL, ALL
question
-AC
answer
PERTAINING TO
question
-APHERESIS
answer
REMOVAL
question
-PENIA
answer
ABNORMAL REDUCTION IN NUMBER
question
-POIESIS
answer
FORMATION
question
-SCLEROSIS
answer
HARDENING
question
COARCTATION OF THE AORTA
answer
congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta
question
EMBOLUS
answer
A BLOOD CLOT OR FOREIGN MATERIAL THAT ENTES THE BLOOD STREAM AND MOVES UNTIL IT LODGES AT ANOTHER POINT IN THE CIRCULATION
question
CARDIAC ARREST
answer
SUDDEN CESSATION OF CARDIAC OUTPUT AND EFFECTIVE CIRCULATION
question
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
answer
HEART ABNORMALITY PRESENT AT BIRTH
question
VARICOSE VEINS
answer
VEINS THAT ARE DISTENDED OR TORTUOUS abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs
question
ISCHEMIA
answer
OBSTRUCTION OR CONSTRICTION OF A VESSEL CAUSING DEFICIENT BLOOD FLOW
question
ANEURYSM
answer
Ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall
question
HODGKIN DISEASE
answer
Malignant disorder of lymphatic tissue characterized by enlarged lymph nodes
question
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
answer
Condition most often caused by coronary atherosclerosis
question
ANGINA PECTORIS
answer
Cardiac condition characterized by chest pain caused by an insufficient blood supply to the cardiac muscle
question
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
answer
MI Death of a portion of myocardial muscle caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply Heart Attack
question
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
answer
Cardiac Arrhythmia A Fib AF Which rhythm is this?
question
ARRHYTHMIA
answer
Any disturbance or abnormality in the hearts normal rhythmic pattern
question
HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE
answer
A Disorder of the heart caused by a persistently high blood pressure
question
SEPSIS
answer
A systemic inflammatory response to an infection
question
HEART FAILURE
answer
The inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply tissues and organs
question
PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE
answer
PAP Disease of the arteries in the arms and legs resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of an artery
question
HEMOPHILLIA
answer
An inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII
question
LEUKEMIA
answer
A malignant disease in which the number of abnormal white blood cells formed in the bone marrow is excessively increased.
question
ANEMIA
answer
A reduction in the number of erythrocytes results in this condition Iron deficiency
question
INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
answer
An infection caused by Epstein Barr Virus PATHOGEN: EB viru
question
INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION
answer
A condition in which a patient has pain and discomfort in the calf muscles while walking
question
CARDIAC TAMPONADE
answer
Acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
question
EPISODES OF RHEUMATIC FEVER CAN CAUSE....
answer
1. Mitral Valve stenosis 2. rheumatic heart disease
question
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
answer
Condition of a thrombus most often occurring in the lower extremities
question
heart attack
answer
Insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or myocardial infarction
question
ANEURYSMECTOMY
answer
Surgical excision of an aneurysm
question
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION
answer
Procedure used to treat atrial fibrillation using a device that heats or freezes the cells
question
CARDIAC PACEMAKER
answer
Used to regulate the heart attack Battery-powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart; used to treat an abnormal heart rhythm, usually one that is too slow, secondary to an abnormal sinus node
question
CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT
answer
CABG Surgery performed to detour blood around a blocked artery so that a new supply can be given to heart muscles.
question
CORONARY STENT
answer
A supportive scaffold device used to prevent closure of a coronary artery
question
EMBOLECTOMY
answer
A surgical removal of an embolus or clot
question
FEMOROPOPLITEAL BYPASS
answer
surgery to establish an alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction
question
IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC DEFIBRILLATOR
answer
may be use to pace the heart or it might be used to defibrillate people in V-fib. a device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm. If life-threatening arrhythmias occur, the device delivers an electric shock to convert the arrhythmia back to a normal rhythm
question
INTRACORONARY THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY
answer
an injection of an intravenous medication to dissolve blood clots in coronary blood vessels
question
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
answer
transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a diseased recipient to stimulate blood cell production Infusion of normal bone marrow cells from a donor with matching cells and tissue to a recipient with a certain type of leukemia or anemia
question
PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY
answer
Also called balloon angioplasty procedure in which a small balloon on the ned of a catheter is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen
question
BONE MARROW - ASPIRATION, BIOPSY
answer
Used to diagnose, state and monitor disease and conditions of blood cells
question
DIGITAL SUBTRACTION ANGIOGRAPHY (DSA)
answer
A process of radio graphic imagine of blood vessels that removes structures not being studied.
question
DOPPLER ULTRASOUND
answer
A study that uses high frequency sound waves for detection of blood flow within blood vessels
question
EXERCISE STRESS TEST
answer
Evaluates cardiac function during and physical stress
question
SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, SPECT
answer
A nuclear medicine test that visualizes the heart from different angles
question
THALLIUM TEST
answer
A nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease Imaging of the heart using radio-isotopes, usually during and after exercise.
question
TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM (TEE)
answer
ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus, which provides views of the heart structures
question
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
answer
A process in which a catheter is introduced into the heart to record
question
IMPEDANCE PLETHYSMOGRAPHY
answer
IPG measures venous flow of the extremities with a plethysmograph to detect clots by measuring changes in blood volume and resistance (impedance) in the vein; used to detect deep vein thrombosis
question
BLOOD PRESSURE
answer
Pressure expected by blood against the blood vessel walls
question
PULSE
answer
rhythmic expansion of an artery created by contraction of the heart that can be felt
question
SPHYGMOMANOMETER
answer
instrument to measure blood pressure
question
C-REACTIVE PROTEIN
answer
CRP An elevated C-Reactive protein indicates inflammation in the body
question
CREATINE PHOSPHOKINASE
answer
CPK a blood test used to measure the level of creatine phophokinase, an enzyme of heart and skeletal muscle released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis. The test is useful in evaluating patients with acute myocardial infarction
question
HOMOCYSTEINE
answer
An amino acid that if elevated in dictates an increase risk of cardiovascular disease
question
LIPID PROFILE
answer
BLOOD TESTS TAHT MEASURE THE AMOUNT AND TYPE OF LIPIDS N THE BLOOD
question
TROPONIN
answer
Heart muscle enzyme released into the blood stream approx. 3 hours after heart muscle necrosis
question
COAGULATION TIME
answer
BLOOD TEST TO DETERMINE ETHE TIME IT TAKES FOR BLOOD TO FORM A CLOT
question
COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT/DIFFERENTIAL COUNT
answer
CBC AND DIFF basic blood screening tests
question
HEMATOCRIT
answer
HCT A test to mesure the volume of erythrocytes and used to diagnosis and evaluation of anemic patients
question
HEMOGLOBIN
answer
Hub A blood test used to determine the oxygen carrying component in erythrocytes
question
PROTHROMBIN TIME
answer
PT Blood test used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor oral anticoagulation therapy Also known as pro time, is a test used to diagnose condition associated with abnormalities of clotting time and to monitor anticoagulation therapy.
question
CHOLESTEROL
answer
A compound important in the production of sex hormones, steroids, cell membranes and bile acids
question
HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
answer
HDL Increased levels good good cholesterol removes cholesterol from tissues and transports it to the liver to be erected in the bile
question
LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
answer
LDL increased levels bad lipoprotein that transports cholesterol to tissue and deposits it on the walls of arteries bad cholesterol
question
TOTAL CHOLESTEROL
answer
Amount of cholesterol contained in the HDL AND LDL
question
TRIGLYCERIDES
answer
TG's a form of fat in the blood synthesized in the liver and used as stored energy
question
VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
answer
VLDL Increased levels bad but not as bad as increased level son ldl a type of lips protein increased levels of VLDL indicates a risk of development of coronary artery disease
question
BRUIT
answer
Abnormal vascular sound heard through ausculation abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery or organ
question
CARDIOPLUMONARY RESUSCITATION
answer
CPR
question
CPR
answer
EMERGENCY PROCEDURE CONSISTING OF EXTERNAL CARDIAC COMPRESSIONS AND ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION
question
DEFIBRILLATION
answer
USED TO RESTORE NOMRAL CARDIAC RHYTHM
question
DIASTOLE
answer
PHASE IN THE CARDIAC CYCLE IN WHICH VENTRICLES RELAX Relaxation of the heart
question
EXTRACORPEAL
answer
OCCURRING OUTSIDE THE BODY During _____ hemodialysis, the patient's blood is shunted outside the body through an artery.
question
EXTRAVASATION
answer
escape of blood from the blood vessel into the tissue
question
FIBRILLATION
answer
rapid and uncontrolled heartbeat chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart (atrial or ventricular fibrillation)
question
HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
answer
An excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood
question
HYPERLIPIDEMIA
answer
excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood
question
HYPERTENSION
answer
Abnormally high blood pressure > 140/90
question
HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA
answer
excessive amount of triglycerides in the blood; associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
question
HYPOTENSION
answer
Abnormally low blood pressure < 90/60
question
LIPIDS
answer
FATS AND FAT LIKE SUBSTANCES
question
LUMEN
answer
The inside of the a hollow organ (e.g., the somach, intestines, bladder, etc.) or a tube (e.g., blood vessels, ureters, etc.) space within a tubular part or organ, such as the space within a blood vessel
question
MURMUR
answer
ABNORMAL CARDIAC SOUND HEARD THROUGH AUSCULTATION
question
OCCLUDE
answer
TO CLOSE TIGHTLY; BLOCK
question
SYSTOLE
answer
PHASE IN THE CARDIAC CYCLE IN WHICH VENTRICLES CONTRACT AND EJECT BLOOD Contraction of the heart
question
VASOCONSTRICTOR
answer
AGENT OR NERVE THAT CAUSES BLOOD VESSELS TO NARROW
question
VASODILATOR
answer
AGENT OR NERVE THAT ENLARGES THE BLOOD VESSELS
question
VENIPUNCTURE
answer
PUNCTURE OF A VEIN TO REMOVE BLOOD phlebotomy
question
ANTICOAGULANT
answer
AGENT THAT SLOWS THE BLOOD CLOTTING PROCESS
question
BLOOD DYSCRASIA
answer
abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood
question
HEMORRHAGE
answer
Excessive or profuse bleeding
question
ALLERGEN
answer
a substance that causes an allergic reaction; HOUSE DUST POLLEN ANIMAL DANDER
question
ALLERGIST
answer
TREATS ALLERGIC CONDITIONS
question
ALLERGY
answer
HYPERSENSITIVITY TO A SUBSTANCE
question
ANAPHYLAXIS
answer
LIFE THREATENING REACTION
question
ANTIBODY
answer
INACTIVATES OR DESTROYS ANTIGENS
question
ANTIGEN
answer
TRANSPLANT TISSUE, TOXIN, INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
question
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
answer
a disease in which the immune system attacks the organism's own cells BODY PRODUCES ANTIBODIES AGAINST ITSELF CAUSING INJURYD; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATUS
question
IMMUNE
answer
RESISTANT TO INVADING PATHOGENS
question
IMMUNODEFICIENCY
answer
DEFICIENT IMMUNE RESPONSE decreased or compromised ability to fight disease or a condition resulting from a defective immune mechanism
question
IMMUNOLOGY
answer
BRANCH OF MEDICINE DEALING WITH IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS
question
IMMUNOLOGIST
answer
TREATS IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS