Med Terms – Chapter 14 – Flashcards

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Which of the following substances acts as an electrolyte?
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Sodium
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Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose?
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Insulin
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Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla during a crisis situation?
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Epinephrine
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Which hormone initiates labor during childbirth?
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Oxytocin
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The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called the:
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adenohypophysis
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The "master gland" that regulates other glands is called the:
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pituitary
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Which of the following glands regulates metabolism?
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Thyroid
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Insulin is produced by the:
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pancreas
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Which of the following substances is an electrolyte?
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Potassium
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A state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body is called:
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homeostasis
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The four parathyroid glands are:
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located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
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The primary source of energy for living organisms is:
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glucose
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The pituitary hormone that promotes lactation following childbirth is called:
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prolactin
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Cells that respond to the effects of a hormone are called:
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target cells
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The combining form (CF) adren/o means:
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adrenal glands
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The suffix -gen means:
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forming, producing, origin
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The suffix -emia means:
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blood condition
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The prefix exo- means:
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outside, outward
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The prefix micro- means:
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small
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The prefix eu- means:
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good, normal
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The prefix poly- means:
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many, much
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Hypersecretion of cortisol by adrenal cortex causes:
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Cushing syndrome
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Exophthalmos is a disorder caused by hypersecretion of T3 and T4 from the:
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thyroid gland
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Which of the following disorders is caused by hypersecretion of thyroxine?
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Graves disease
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What term describes an excessive growth of body hair, especially in women?
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Hirsutism
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Hypersecretion of urine is called:
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diuresis
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In adults, hypersecretion by the thyroid gland causes:
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Graves disease
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Which type of diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults?
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Type 1 diabetes
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Gigantism and dwarfism result from improper growth hormone function in the:
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pituitary gland
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An abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood is called:
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hyponatremia
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Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of the:
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pancreas
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A characteristic of tetany is:
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muscle spasms
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Which of the following diseases is treated by an endocrinologist?
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Diabetes
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Acromegaly is caused by hypersecretion of:
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growth hormone
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Excessive development of mammary tissue in males is called:
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gynecomastia
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Onset of diabetes that occurs later in life is called:
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type 2
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A disorder caused by hyperthyroidism is:
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goiter
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A clinical manifestation of Addison disease is:
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muscle weakness
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Which disorder is an abnormal condition of pancreatic stones?
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Pancreatolithiasis
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Which disease is characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia?
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Diabetes mellitus
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Hypersecretion of adrenal estrogen and progestin in males leads to:
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feminization
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Which term means enlargement of the thyroid gland?
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Thyromegaly
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Which term refers to excessive glucose in the blood?
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Hyperglycemia
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Which disorder is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by enlargement of the facial and jaw bones?
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Acromegaly
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In which condition are potassium blood levels higher than normal?
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Hyperkalemia
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In which condition are sodium blood levels lower than normal?
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Hyponatremia
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Which disorder is an autoimmune disorder associated with exophthalmos that is characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism?
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Graves disease
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Which procedure involves partial or complete excision of the pituitary gland?
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Hypophysectomy
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Which surgical procedure involves incision of the thyroid gland?
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Thyrotomy
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The procedure to incise and remove a pancreatic stone is called:
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pancreatolithotomy
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Which laboratory test measures blood glucose levels in a blood sample after the patient refrains from eating food for at least 8 hours?
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Fasting blood glucose
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Which procedure involves the excision of one or more parathyroid glands?
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Parathyroidectomy
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Which screening test determines how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood at regular intervals after a fast of at least 8 hours?
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Glucose tolerance test
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Which imaging procedure obtains images of the thyroid gland after oral or intravenous administration of radioactive iodine to identify thyroid pathologies such as tumors?
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Thyroid scan
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Which procedure involves excision of the pituitary gland through the sphenoid sinus without disturbing brain tissue?
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Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
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Which imaging technique uses radio waves to diagnose abnormalities of the pituitary, pancreatic, adrenal, and thyroid glands?
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Magnetic resonance imaging
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Which imaging technique rotates an x-ray emitter around an area to be scanned to detect diseases of the endocrine glands?
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Computed tomography
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What classification of drugs increases skeletal growth in children?
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Growth hormone replacements
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Which laboratory test measures the amount of blood glucose levels after the administration of glucose?
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GTT
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Which classification of drugs suppresses inflammation and controls allergic reactions?
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Corticosteroids
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Which classification of drugs is used to treat type 2 diabetes?
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Oral hypoglycemics
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Which abbreviation refers to parathormone?
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PTH
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Which abbreviation is associated with administration of iodine?
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RAI
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Which classification of drugs is used in preparation for thyroidectomy or in the treatment of thyrotoxic crisis?
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Antithyroids
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Which classification of drugs is used to treat Addison disease?
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Corticosteroids
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Which abbreviation is associated with an electrolyte?
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K
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Which abbreviation denotes diabetic complications that occur when the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones?
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DKA
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adren/o
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adrenal glands
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gluc/o
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sugar, sweetness
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home/o
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same, alike
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kal/i
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potassium (an electrolyte)
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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parathyroid/o
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parathyroid glands
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thym/o
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thymus gland
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thyroid/o
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thyroid gland
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toxic/o
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poison
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calc/o
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calcium
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crin/o
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secrete
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acr/o
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extremity
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carcin/o
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cancer
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aden/o
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gland
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azot/o
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nitrogenous compounds
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enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw
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acromegaly
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abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine
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diuresis
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simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion
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glucose
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multisystemic autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism, usually associated with an enlarged thyroid gland and exophthalmos
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Graves disease
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excessive amounts of potassium in the blood
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hyperkalemia
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abnormal increase of fat cells, mainly in the viscera and subcutaneous tissues of the body
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obesity
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medical crisis caused by the release of an increased amount of thyroid hormone into the bloodstream
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thyroid storm
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test that measures the concentration of thyroxine in a blood sample
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protein-bound iodine
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measures the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates
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glucose tolerance test
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excision of a parathyroid gland
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parathyroidectomy
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used to treat type 1 diabetes
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insulin
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agents that stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin and increase the number of insulin receptor cells
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oral antidiabetics
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agents that replace hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency
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corticosteroids
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mineral salts (sodium, potassium, and calcium) that carry an electrical charge in a solution
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electrolytes
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state of equilibrium in the body
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homeostasis
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condition of low blood sodium
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hyponatremia
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greater than normal amount of glucose in the blood
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hyperglycemia
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pertaining to a condition without clear pathogenesis or a disease without a recognizable cause
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idiopathic
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hormone secreted by the ovaries that increases secretion of estrogen
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follicle-stimulating hormone
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hormone that promotes lactation
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prolactin
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gland associated with Addison disease
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adrenal cortex
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gland associated with the production of epinephrine hormone
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adrenal medulla
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excessive hair growth in unusual places, especially in women
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hirsutism
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small chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla
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pheochomocytoma
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excessive amounts of calcium in the blood
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hypercalcemia
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measures blood glucose levels in blood after a 12-hour fast
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fasting blood glucose
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Use adrenal/o to build a word that means inflammation of the adrenal glands: ____________________.
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adrenalitis
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Use adren/o to build a word that means disease of the adrenal glands: ____________________.
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adrenopathy
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Use hyper- to build a word that means excessive calcium in the blood: ____________________.
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hypercalcemia
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Use -crine to build a word that means to secrete within: ____________________.
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endocrine
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Use kal/i to build a word that means potassium in the blood: ____________________.
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kalemia
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Use gluc/o to build a word that means forming or producing sugar: ____________________.
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glucogenesis
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Use glycos/o to build a word that means glucose in the urine: ____________________.
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glycosuria
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Use -iasis to build a word that means abnormal condition of a pancreatic stone: ____________________.
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pancreatolithiasis
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Use thyr/o to build a word that means enlargement of the thyroid gland: ____________________.
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thyromegaly
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Build a word that means blood condition of excessive glucose: ____________________.
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hyperglycemia
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Use -logist to build a word that means specialist in the study of poison(s): ____________________.
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toxicologist
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Build a word that means excision of a parathyroid gland: ____________________.
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parathyroidectomy
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Build a word that means stone or calculus in the pancreas: ____________________.
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pancreatolith
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Build a word that means calcium in the blood: ____________________.
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calcemia
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Build a word that means excessive amount of potassium in the blood: ____________________.
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hyperkalemia
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Build a word that means tumor of the thymus gland: ____________________.
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thymoma
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Build a word that means incision of the pancreas: ____________________.
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pancreatotomy
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Build a word that means specialist in the study of poison(s): ____________________.
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toxicologist
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Build a word that means abnormal condition of poison(s): ____________________.
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toxicosis
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