Question 1

Abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are associated with

Accepted Answer

depression

Question 2

During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, individuals are most likely to

Accepted Answer

be overactive.

Question 3

The prominent feature of mood disorders is the experience of

Accepted Answer

emotional extremes.

Question 4

Depression is more likely to be a shared tendency between identical twins than between fraternal twins. This most clearly supports explanations of this mood disorder from a ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

biological

Question 5

Research regarding depression indicates that

Accepted Answer

with each new generation, depression is increasing in its prevalence.

Question 6

A breakdown in selective attention is most likely to be experienced by those who suffer from

Accepted Answer

schizophrenia.

Question 7

Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the psychiatric hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

schizophrenia.

Question 8

Among schizophrenia patients, the fluid-filled areas adjacent to cerebral tissue are

Accepted Answer

abnormally large and the thalamus is abnormally small.

Question 9

Wilma is extremely agitated because she hears voices that tell her to sexually seduce the male nurses in her hospital ward. Wilma is most clearly suffering from

Accepted Answer

hallucinations.

Question 10

A sense of being separated from your body and watching yourself with a sense of detachment is a symptom of

Accepted Answer

dissociation.

Question 11

Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Sadie\'s behavior is most characteristic of

Accepted Answer

agoraphobia.

Question 12

Most combat-stressed soldiers do not later exhibit PTSD. This best illustrates survivor

Accepted Answer

resiliency.

Question 13

Exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a(n)

Accepted Answer

dissociative disorder.

Question 14

A person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

stimulus generalization.

Question 15

Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that ________ facilitates the elimination of fear.

Accepted Answer

relaxation

Question 16

Systematic desensitization is a form of ________, which is a type of ________.

Accepted Answer

counterconditioning; behavior therapy

Question 17

Psychodynamic therapies try to understand patients\' current symptoms by focusing on recurring patterns in their

Accepted Answer

interpersonal relationships.

Question 18

Who would be most likely to expect that patients are often motivated to resist retelling a recent dream?

Accepted Answer

a psychoanalyst

Question 19

Helping people gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorder is a central aim of

Accepted Answer

psychoanalysis.

Question 20

Which treatment procedure involves the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain?

Accepted Answer

rTMS

Question 21

Melissa suffers from auditory hallucinations and falsely believes that her former high school teachers are trying to kill her. Melissa\'s symptoms are most likely to be relieved by ________ drugs.

Accepted Answer

antipsychotic

Question 22

Cognitive-behavioral therapy works, top-down, by changing thought processes. Antidepressant drugs work, bottom-up, on the emotion-forming

Accepted Answer

limbic system.

Question 23

When testing a new drug, researchers control for a placebo effect by using

Accepted Answer

the double-blind procedure.

Question 24

During the 1940s and 1950s, lobotomies were most likely to be performed on psychologically disturbed patients who were

Accepted Answer

uncontrollably violent.

Question 25

A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by

Accepted Answer

feelings of personal worthlessness.

Question 26

Gender differences in depression are least noticeable among

Accepted Answer

preadolescent children.

Question 27

A disorder in which an individual is happy, hyperactive, and wildly optimistic with dangerously poor judgment being common, is known as

Accepted Answer

mania

Question 28

A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often

Accepted Answer

bias our perceptions of the labeled person.

Question 29

Some psychological disorders occur primarily in one culture. However, ________ occurs worldwide.

Accepted Answer

schizophrenia

Question 30

The onset of schizophrenia is typically associated with early

Accepted Answer

adulthood.

Question 31

Schizophrenia that develops rapidly, seemingly as a reaction to stress, is called ________ schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

acute

Question 32

Flat affect and catatonia are symptoms most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

schizophrenia.

Question 33

Delusions of persecution are most common among those with ________ schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

paranoid

Question 34

The experience of multiple personalities is most likely to be characterized by

Accepted Answer

a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness.

Question 35

An incapacitating and highly distressing fear about being embarrassed in the presence of others is most characteristic of

Accepted Answer

social phobia.

Question 36

Kaylee is so afraid of spiders and insects that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to go to the basement of her own house alone. Kaylee appears to suffer from

Accepted Answer

a phobia.

Question 37

The billionaire aviator Howard Hughes insisted that his assistants carry out elaborate hand-washing rituals and wear white gloves when handling any document he would later touch. His behavior best illustrated the symptoms of

Accepted Answer

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 38

Repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ________ as repeatedly washing your hands is to ________.

Accepted Answer

obsession; compulsion

Question 39

In one treatment for bed-wetting, the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet, triggers an alarm and awakens the child. This treatment is a form of

Accepted Answer

behavior therapy.

Question 40

Clients often stay in touch with their psychotherapists only if satisfied with the treatment they received. This helps us understand why therapists

Accepted Answer

tend to overestimate the effectiveness of psychotherapy.

Question 41

Carl Rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgmental attitude as

Accepted Answer

unconditional positive regard.

Question 42

Unlike psychodynamic therapists, humanistic therapists tend to focus on the ________ more than the ________.

Accepted Answer

present; past

Question 43

Dr. Byrne is a clinical psychologist who often uses operant conditioning techniques to treat her clients. She also encourages them to modify their thought patterns, and on occasion she interprets their transference behaviors. Dr. Byrne\'s therapeutic approach would best be described as

Accepted Answer

eclectic.

Question 44

One group of ocean voyagers is given a new but untested pill for seasickness and a second group is given an inactive pill. Neither the voyagers nor the experimental researchers know which group has received the new pill. In this experiment, the investigators are making use of

Accepted Answer

Double blind procedure

Question 45

Which of the following biomedical treatments provides some of the benefits of ECT without triggering memory loss?

Accepted Answer

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, the rTMS

Question 46

One possible explanation for the delayed effect of antidepressant drugs is that the increased availability of serotonin seems to promote

Accepted Answer

neurogenesis

Question 47

Dr. Genscher believes that most psychological disorders result from chemical imbalances. In her work as a therapist, Dr. Genscher is most likely to make use of

Accepted Answer

drug therapies.

Question 48

After discontinuing heavy use of an antianxiety drug, Angela experienced increased anxiety and difficulty sleeping. Angela was experiencing symptoms of

Accepted Answer

withdrawl

Question 49

The risk of suicide is greatest when people

Accepted Answer

begin to rebound from their depression

Question 50

Episodes of depression that consistently begin in the cold winter months and end with the onset of spring are indicative of

Accepted Answer

seasonal affective disorder.

Question 51

By boosting serotonin, antidepressant drugs stimulate the growth of neurons in the

Accepted Answer

hippocampus.

Question 52

People who suffer chronic depression are at high risk for experiencing

Accepted Answer

social rejection.

Question 53

According to the medical model, psychological disorders are

Accepted Answer

sicknesses that need to be diagnosed and in most cases cured.

Question 54

One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is

Accepted Answer

an expressionless face.

Question 55

People born in ________ during the month of ________ are at increased risk for schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

North America; February

Question 56

Schizophrenia is said to be chronic when

Accepted Answer

it develops slowly.

Question 57

Schizophrenia is associated with an excess of receptors for

Accepted Answer

dopamine.

Question 58

Research on the causes of schizophrenia strongly suggests that

Accepted Answer

there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.

Question 59

Compulsive hand washing often increases in frequency because it relieves feelings of anxiety. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on compulsive behaviors.

Accepted Answer

reinforcement

Question 60

Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of

Accepted Answer

an anxiety disorder.

Question 61

In comparison to generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder is characterized by periods of distress that are

Accepted Answer

more intense and less prolonged.

Question 62

Luke suffers from acrophobia, a fear of high places. Luke\'s therapist suggests that his reaction to heights is a generalization of the fear triggered by a childhood playground accident in which he fell off a jungle gym. The therapist\'s suggestion highlights the influence of

Accepted Answer

conditioning.

Question 63

Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn\'t know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Rishi most likely suffers from

Accepted Answer

generalized anxiety disorde

Question 64

Ron is a 22-year-old mechanic who suffers from claustrophobia. The most effective way to treat Ron\'s problem would involve ________ therapy.

Accepted Answer

behavioral conditioning

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