Mana Set 3 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
_________ generates awareness and acceptance of a groups purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self interest for the good of the group.
answer
Transformational Leadership
question
According to expectancy theory, in order for the people to be highly motivated, _______ must be high.
answer
Equity
question
The two kinds of charismatic leaders are referred to as ______.
answer
ethical charismatics and unethical charismatics
question
Research at three universities has confirmed that two basic leader behaviors, ______ and ______, are central to successful leadership.
answer
initiating structure; job- centered leadership
question
_______ is communication with someone about non job related issues that may be affecting or interfering with the person's performance.
answer
Counseling
question
According to some industrial psychologists, ______ is a function of motivation times ability times situational constraints.
answer
Job Performance
question
Which of the following is a major concern of managers (as opposed to leaders)?
answer
maintaining the status quo
question
_____ is based on an exchange process in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance.
answer
Transactional Leadership
question
In equity theory, ______ refers to the fairness of the process used to make reward allocation decisions.
answer
distributive justice
question
The three components of _______ are initiation of effort, direction of effort, and persistence of effort.
answer
Motivation
question
In the perceptual process, ______ is the process of attaching meaning to new knowledge.
answer
interpretation
question
________ is the extent to which people consciously understand and agree to goals.
answer
Goal acceptance
question
When Robin was told that her favorite store would no longer stock her favorite brand of clip-on earrings, she assumed this meant the company was no longer producing clip on earrings even tho that was not the case. Robin's incorrect assumption was due to ________.
answer
closure
question
________ is the extent to which goals are detailed, exact, and unambiguous,
answer
Goal Specifity
question
According to attribution theory, we use two general reasons or attributions to explain peoples behavior. They are ______.
answer
internal and external attributions
question
In a(n) ______ reinforcement schedule, consequences follow a behavior only after a fixed time has elapsed.
answer
intermediate interval
question
According to the model of need satisfaction, an unsatisfied need produces ______.
answer
Tension
question
In a perceptual process, _______ is the process of noticing or becoming aware of particular stimuli.
answer
Attention
question
Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward?
answer
a salary increase
question
Which of the following is NOT a type of reinforcement contingency?
answer
overreward
question
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what type of leadership involves letting employees know precisely what is expected of them, giving them specific guidelines for preforming tasks, scheduling work, setting standards of performance, and making sure people follow standard rules and regulations.
answer
directive leadership
question
McClellend's Learned Needs Theory identifies three needs. They are the needs for _______.
answer
affiliation, growth, and power
question
In empathetic listening, ______ is important because it demonstrates that you understand the speaker's emotions.
answer
reflecting feelings
question
According to the text, ______ is the set of forces that initiates directs and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal.
answer
motivation
question
In the Miss South Carolina video we watched in class, we noticed a breakdown in the communication process. The young female contestant was answering "Why can't Americans find the US on the map?" but noise occurred in her answer because ______?
answer
The sender wasn't sure what message to communicate
question
According to _______, people will be motivated when they perceive they are being treated fairly.
answer
equity theory
question
In Expectancy Theory, _____ is the perceived relationship between effort and performance.
answer
Instrumentality
question
College football coaching requires that coaches design every facet of practices, set goals for their players, determine schedules, and even direct all plays during the game. College football coaching uses ______ type of managing.
answer
Initiating Structure
question
The normative decision theory _______.
answer
Helps managers determine how much employee participation should be used in decision making
question
Which of the following is NOT one of the four leadership styles identified in the path- goal theory of leadership?
answer
Charismatic
question
The two basic kinds of inequality are _______.
answer
under-reward and over-reward
question
In the _____ type of grapevine communication network, one highly connected individual shares information with many other managers and workers.
answer
Gossip Chain
question
Research shows that while initiating structure impacts primarily on ______, consideration impacts primarily on _______.
answer
job performance; job satisfaction
question
_____ strengthen behavior (i.e. increase its frequency).
answer
Positive and negative reinforcement
question
Which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency in path-goal theory?
answer
The formal authority system
question
Which of the following is another term for considerate leadership behavior?
answer
concern for people
question
_______ are the rewards associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake.
answer
Intrinsic Reward
question
_____ is the tendency to fill in gaps of missing information by assuming that what we don't know is consistent with what we already know.
answer
Closure
question
Reinforcement theory says behavior is a function of _____.
answer
its consequences
question
A glass of water and shelter from a snowstorm would be examples of _______, and a gold necklace and tickets to see professional wrestling would not be.
answer
low-order needs
question
_______ is feedback that is disapproving without any intention of being helpful and almost always causes a negative or defensive reaction in the receipt.
answer
Destructive feedback
question
Karl was injured at work when a shelving unit fell on him. Karl was trying to reach an item on a high shelve by climbing on the shelving unit rather than using a ladder. His employer would be committing a(n) ______ if Karl's employer blamed the entire incident on Karl.
answer
fundamental attribution error
question
Transformational leaders ________.
answer
help followers see how their jobs fit with the organization's vision
question
According to equity theory, when employees perceive ______, they tend to experience anger or frustration.
answer
underreward
question
Excessive speed is a major cause of road crashes in Australia. The Australian Government is thinking of using cameras to catch speeders - if you speed, you get a ticket in the mail. According to reinforcement theory, Australian officials are using _____ to reduce speeding.
answer
punishment
question
Which of the following is a basic component of equity theory?
answer
referents
question
________ is the withholding of information about organizational problems or issues by employees.
answer
Organizational Silence
question
Which type of inequality occurs more frequently in theory than in practice?
answer
over reward
question
The steps in the basic perception process include all of the following except ______.
answer
analysis
question
The _______ states that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and they are offered attractive rewards.
answer
The Expectancy Theory
