Lifespan Developmental Midterm – Flashcards
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What does Howard Gardner believe?
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human abilities come in eight (or nine) forms
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children's mental health problems after divorce
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depends on the quality of the custodial parenting
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what area of lifespan psychology did scientists study first?
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child development
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I am in my twenties, my life stage is ______; I am in my sixties, my life stage is _____
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emerging adulthood; young-old
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in collectivist culture, people tend to...
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live in intergenerational families
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which of these people will most likely live the longest?
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Stacey, a third grade teacher, in Canada
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Imagine you travel to the US in the mid-21st century. You would most likely NOT see
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African Americans, because the numbers of African Americans are decreasing rather than increasing
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Imagine you travel to the U.S. in mid-21st century. You would most likely see
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biracial and multiracial people
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Dr. Allen, a cognitive behaviorist, would most likely make the following statement
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"we can predict behavior by looking at a person's feelings of competence, and by watching and imitating people"
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an attachment theorist would most likely say
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"children need unconditional love in the first year of life"
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All are 1960s lifestyle changes in the U.S. except
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more rigid ideas about how adults should behave
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which comment would be made by a traditional behaviorist
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"I can explain behavior by looking at reinforcers"
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Dr. Hardy wants to find out whether there is a correlation between physical exercise and mental ability. Pick the most representative samples
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a random group of adults
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for Erikson, each life stage is characterized by
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a psychosocial task
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to get pregnant, the best tie to have intercourse is
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the time of ovulation,14 days after period
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more males are conceived and _____ males die in utero and during each stage of life
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more
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the correct sequence of prenatal development
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ovulation, fertilization, zygote, blastocyst, implantation
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Carla just learned she is pregnant. Which force should best predict her having a joyful pregnancy?
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feeling loved and supported
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Dads-to-be can
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feel that their emotions are marginalized
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Teratogen
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is a poisonous substance that crosses the placenta, harming the fetus; it can be from smoking, drinking, environmental factors, diseases and so on
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Kalisha is pregnant and addicted to nicotine, She asks her doctor to convince her that smoking will harm the baby. The doctor will most likely tell her that she risks
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having a less healthy baby
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using Bronfenbrenner's theory, pick the influence that most immediately affects a child?
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family relationships
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Moriah and her husband Manny are having are having fertility problems. According to statistics, the person responsible for these problems is
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equally Manny or Moriah, because both parents-to-be are responsible for fertility problems
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if a woman has given birth in week 25 of her pregnancy, the baby will
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have more than a 50% chance of surviving with good medical care
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which phrase best describes the prevalence of child undernutrition and stunting in the United States
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is very rare, unlike in some developing nations
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who is most likely to breastfeed their child?
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the mother from Norway, because it is only socially acceptable to breastfeed (same for Canada)
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an obstetrician is giving a talk about teratogens. The doctor would state that damage from a given teratogen
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is most likely to occur at high levels of exposure
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As of 2015, infant mortality in the United States
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is high compared to other developed countries
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with regard to infant "eating," which correct developmental sequence
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sucking reflex, everything into the mouth, food pickiness
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Dr. Kalu's patient wants tips about how to quiet her 2-moth old baby. What advice should the Dr. give the patient?
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"Carry your baby close to your body in a baby sling" due to skin to skin contact
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Which is not a criticism of Piaget's theory?
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to understand how babies think, its essential to ask their parents
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a developmentalist whose passion is studying infant-directed speech, would most likely be an
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advocate of the social-interactionist perspective
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which is not a finding that helped Bowlby formulate attachment theory
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babies love their moms ore than other people in their lives
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which is the correct order for language acquisition?
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cooing; babbling; holophrases; telegraphic speech
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what are some reason that sudden infant death syndrome occurs?
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too many or too few neurons in part of the brain; abnormalities in the brain; too fluffy of a bed; does NOT involve large birth rate
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when does depth perception or fear of heights fully develop?
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at around the time times become mobile
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"too much mother love during infancy produces whiny, dependent adults." This statement would most likely be made by a(n)
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old-style behavorist
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according to attachment theorists, which reason best explains what has happened when a caregiver and baby aren't attached, or "dancing well together?"
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either the baby has a difficult temperament and/or it's the caregiver's fault
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link the correct attachment style to the following descriptions: (1) thrilled when reunited with a caregiver; (2) confused, erratic response when reunited with a caregiver; (3) doesn't care when reunited with a caregiver
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(1) secure (thrilled); (2) disorganized (freezing, frightened, behaves bizarrely); (3) avoidant (unresponsive/doesn't care)
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all things being equal, which student is most at risk of not graduating from high school
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Bella, who lived in poverty during her first four years of life
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Dr. Caring is offering reasons why early childhood poverty has negative academic outcomes. He can make all of the following except
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low-come children are less likely to attend Head Start
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link the theorist with each piece of advice: "(1) don't respond when your one year old cries out from the crib" & "(2) be as responsive as possible during the first year of life"
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(1) behavorist; (2) Bowlby
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Sara is teaching her 2-year-old to sit at the table and say "please." The name for this training is
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socialization
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if Clara is in the stage of early childhood, then she is
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between 3 and 6
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the _____ is a baby's primary attachment figure
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person who spends the most time with the baby
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Worldwide, the greatest threat to children's physical development is
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inadequate nutrition
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the main basic philosophical difference between Piaget and Vygotsky is that Piaget believed
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people learn through hands on experiences; Vygotsky believed people only learn through being taught
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a coach is using scaffolding in teaching baseball if she
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helps a child hold a bat, then, after that step has been mastered, moves on to hitting the ball
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which example best illustrates Piaget's concept of egocentrisim in a child
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thinks that other people automatically know everything that's in his head
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1 year old Danny loves flushing the toilet and throwing different objects down the bowl. Flushing to see the water go down shows _______. The fact that Danny is expecting to see things reappear again after they are out of sight shows he understands basics of object permanence
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means-end behavior
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in the information-processing framework, ______ memory is the name for the process of transforming material into information that can be later be remembered
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working
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in order, which are examples of studying by using (1) rehearsal, (2) selective attention, and (3) inhibition
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(1) repeating the chapter definitions; (2) focusing only on material that needs to be known; (3) deciding to keep studying even though there is a party to go to
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all are treatments for ADHD except
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providing strict rules
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according to Vygotsky, when a child talks to herself, it is normal and she is learning
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control and monitor her behavior
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Link the language issues involved: (1) Janet, says, "I saw some gooses." (2) Jana says, "I no like gooses." (3) Tommy refers to every bird as a "goose."
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(1) overregulation; (2) problem with syntax; (3) overextension
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which is not true about autism disorder?
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it does not go away when you get older
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proactive versus reactive aggression
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proactive is a hostile or destructive act or hurtful behavior that is initiated to achieve a goal; emotionally cool and more carefully planned out, while reactive is a hostile act carried out in response to being hurt, or frustrated; white-hot, disorganized rage; impulsive response
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example of proactive aggression
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John kicks Mike to gain possession of the block pile
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example of reactive aggression
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Mike, infuriated by John, kicks him back
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frustration-aggression hypothesis
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we are biologically primed to retaliate or strike back
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examples of relational aggression
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not inviting Sara to a party, spreading rumors, or tattling on a disliked classmate are examples because they cause harm to a person's relationship or self-esteem
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examples of direct aggression
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telling your boyfriend you hate his guts, beating up on someone, having a tantrum, and screaming at your mom are examples because everyone can see it
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if 10-year-old Carlos is incredibly aggressive and unable to sit still, he most likely would have social problems
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anywhere in the world
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reaching concrete operations tends to produce "self-esteem" issues because children
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can realistically compare their abilities with those of their peers
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which 5th grader is most vulnerable to low self-esttem
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Kayla, who is a terrific student, but isn't performing well in her top priority-- art
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all these qualities predict that Danny will act prosocially except that he
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has parents who take him to church every week
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which example best illustrates gender schema theory
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when Marcie learns she is a girl, she imitates and pays close attention to how her mom and other women dress
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regular spanking is most apt to be dangerous for a child who is
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fearless and has trouble controlling her impluses
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Jackie, age 4, is in preschool. According to Erikson, her main challenge is too
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test her skills in the wider world
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Lina and Allita are swimming towards a raft when Lina roughly pushes Allita's head underwater, in order to get there first. As soon as Allita can speak, after coming up for air, she says, "Go find yourself another best friend!" (1) Lina is showing _____ aggression
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(1) Lina is showing direct and proactive aggression, because it is out in the open, and she initiated the hurtful behavior to achieve a goal
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Josh and Jairo, age 5, love to wrestle and hit each other. According to the text, this behavior
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is normal
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Cyberbullying is worse than traditional bullying because it
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is more public and anonymous
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today, being raised in a traditional 2-parent family is ____ in the United States
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less common than before
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Identify each parenting style: (1) The Smith's provide incredible love, but no discipline; (2) The Jones's are very strict, and don't allow deviations from the rules; (3) The Johnson's home is chaotic, with parents absent in their children's lives.
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!) permissive; 2) authoritarian; 3) rejecting-neglecting
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Talia grew up in an impoverished home and was abused as a child. Yet now, she has a loving, successful marriage, and a middle-class life. The developmental science label for Talia is _____
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resilient
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Link each statement with the relevant parenting perspective: (1) A child's personality shapes parenting; (2) children model their peer group rather than what they learn at home; (3) having firm rules and being loving produces a successful child
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1) behavioral genetics; 2) Harris' peer group theory; 3) Baumrind's styles framework
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the most popular discipline technique in the U.S. is
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time out
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what should be the primary criterion in awarding custody in after divorce?
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the quality of a particular spouse's parenting
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Child #1 comes from a disadvantaged background and attends a "failing" public school. Child # 2 comes from an upper-middle-class family and attends an excellent private school. On the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), both children get identical scores. Based on the text discussion, what should the psychologist giving the test conclude?
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child 1 has higher intellectual potential
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which is the correct diagnostic label for each kid: (1) failing in school, and has a very low IQ; (2) failing in school and has an average or above average IQ
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(1) intellectually disabled; (2) specific learning disability
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In Sternberg's framework, which label applies to each intelligence? (1) excels in school and on standard intelligence tests; (2) is incredibly innovative; (3) has terrific common sense
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(1) analytic; (2) creative; (3) practical
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who is most likely to breastfeed?
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Monica, who lives in Norway
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If Jasmine sleeps 12 hours a day, with 2 naps during the day, then she is most likely:
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1 year old
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which is not a cause of sudden infant death syndrome?
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excessively larger birth weight
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Huntington disease is popular because
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it strikes in adulthood, after they had children
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May is 1 month old, she is most likely
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indifferent to the human world
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what is the main message from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development study of child care?
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long hours spent in daycare can have a negative impact on development
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death from heart disease are much more common because
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people are living much longer
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a traditional behaviorist would most likely say
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"I can explain behavior by looking at reinforcers"
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if a woman gave birth at week 25,
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the baby will have a 50% chance of surviving
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a woman is most likely to get damage from a tertogen when
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there are high levels of exposure
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who is most likely to conceive using vitro fertilization
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Karen, who's fallopian tubes are blocked (or missing)
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who is most likely to say "Don't respond when a 1 year old cries," while ____ said "be responsive as soon as possible"
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behaviorist; Bowlby
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what would Piaget not say about the sensorimotor stage?
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at the end of this stage, children are roughly 4 years old
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flushing a toilet to watch the water go down is an example of
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means-end behavior
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infant directed speech would most likely be used by
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social interactionist perspective
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what did not help bowlby form the attachment theory?
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babies love moms more than any other person in their lives
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who was given the best coping skills
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Theo, who's parents carefully exposed him to less threatening social experiences
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obesity rates raised in the U.S. mostly during
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the 1980's
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which is an example of egocentrism
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Sarah, who thinks others automatically know everything in her head
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kids first use rehearsal in
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fifth grade
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example of phoneme
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B sound in boy
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example of semantics
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definition of boy
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example of morpheme
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units of meaning for boy
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"I'll go to class today, even though I'd rather sleep," or "I'll conquer shyness by asking the teacher a question" is an example of
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emotional regulation
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based on Harter and Erikson, a 9 year old should believe
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she is the greatest person in the world
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if a child believes they will fail no matter what
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this is learned helplessness
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a child's first pretend partner is
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mom
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who would say kids temperament shapes parenting styles?
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behavioral genetics researcher
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when a test measures what it is supposed to be testing
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valid
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which is not a criticism of Baumrinds parenting styles
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there is no correlation between parenting styles and kids success
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what is Spearman's "g"?
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general underlying intelligence that the IQ score measures
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researchers typically find high maltreatment rates when
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they ask adults to report on their own childhood
